Njengoba izibalo zikhombisa, izinga lezimfuno lidlula kakhulu ukulethwa, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe eRussia kungenye yezindlela ezikhangayo. Ake sikubone ngemininingwane eminingi kuzo zonke izici zalolu hlobo lwebhizinisi bese uthola ukuthi ungayivula kanjani kusuka ekuqaleni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamakhowe ezingcono ukukhulisa?
Ake siyeke imininingwane eminingi. Okuvame kakhulu ezweni lethu ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe kwama-champigns. Leli qembu lezinto eziphikisana nezinto eziphilayo linokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu futhi lilula kakhulu ekuzaleni, ngakho-ke akukho okuhlupheka okuthile ngakho. Inzuzo eyinhloko engabhekwa futhi inzuzo enesidingo esikhulu sama-champigns. Ngeke ube nezinkinga ngokuthengisa, kepha kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukusebenzela ukuncintisana kanzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqala ukukhula, uzodinga ukuthenga i-substrate ekhethekile ne-mycelium, ukuthengisa izinkampani ezikhethekile kuphela.
Indawo yesibili ekudumeni ithatha i-oyster mushroom noma, njengoba ibizwa ngabantu, i-oyster. Inokunambitheka okuhle, okunempilo okunempilo kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene eziwusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani ne-champign, ingatshalwa ku-sawdust ejwayelekile noma esitafuleni, yenza lula yonke inqubo yezobuchwepheshe futhi yehlise izindleko ezihambisanayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho usebenza nabo, abantu bangahlakulela ukungezwani komzimba nezingxabano, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela kumazinga wokuhlanzeka.
Futhi uthembisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwesikhunta se-shiitake. Balethwe ezweni lethu emazweni ase-Asia muva nje, kepha namuhla isidingo sabo siphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthandwa okukhulayo kwesiShayina ne-Japan cuisine eRussia. Ngaphezu ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele, i-mushroom iyaziswa ngezakhiwo zayo zokuphulukisa. Izindleko zezinhlobo ziphakeme kunalezo zama-omanzini kanye ne-oyster, nokho, ukulima kudinga izindleko ezinkulu zezimali nezomzimba. Le nto ukuthi iShitake ayikhuli ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile, ngakho-ke kuzothatha igumbi elikhethekile elivikelwe ukungena kwelanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuthola i-mycelium ezweni lethu. Uzodinga ukuzithola ngokwakho ngokuthenga kubahlinzeki bangaphandle. Kepha uma usukulungele ukuthatha bonke ubunzima, ngokuqinisekile bazokhokha, ngoba eRussia ukuthengiswa kwalesi sikhunta kubandakanyeke enanini elincane lezinkampani.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezibalulekile nezivelayo kufanelekile ukugqamisa i-truffle. Lokhu mhlawumbe ukubuka okubizayo kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngoba kukhula kuphela emaphethelweni ehlathi lapho kujule cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ngakho-ke, uma uthatha isinqumo ngokukhiqizwa kwabo, khona-ke, okokuqala uzodinga ukuqasha isakhiwo esikhulu sezwe, ngemuva kwalokho ngi-oda i-mycelium, izindleko zazo eziphakeme kakhulu. Kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi isivuno sokuqala singaqoqwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-6. Kepha ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe akhulayo kuzokhokha ngokuphelele. Izindleko zekhilogremu eyodwa yama-truffles ziqala kusuka kuma-dollar angama-500 (ama-ruble angama-33,800), kanye nesihlahla esisodwa kuletha isilinganiso sama-15 kg.
Futhi-ke, kuyadingeka ukusho amakhowe amhlophe. Bangokwesiko ukudla kwaseRussia futhi kubhekwa njengomunye wabathandekayo. Inzuzo yabo ukuthi ukulima kungenziwa zombili ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasedolobheni, noma nhlobo kuvulandi efulethini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhowe amhlophe anciphise kancane kunaleyo echazwe ngaphambili, ngakho-ke ngeke udinge ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokukhula kwamakhowe
Uma uhlela ukuqhuba ibhizinisi ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe, khona-ke udinga ukunamathela ngokusobala ngokulandelana okuthile lapho usebenzisa umbono wakho.
I-algorithm ejwayelekile ibukeka kanjena:
- Ukusesha nokuqasha izakhiwo;
- Ukudala i-microclimate efanele;
- Ukuthengwa kwe-mycelium;
- Ukukhiqiza noma ukuthengwa kwe-substrate;
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthuthukise imithetho yokulawula ukulahlwa, ngoba ukusebenza ngamakhowe kuyingozi enkulu. Uma kwenzeka kungalandelwa ngezindlela eziyisisekelo, amathuba okungcoliswa kwamagciwane makhulu.
Ngokusho kosomabhizinisi abanolwazi, abalula kakhulu futhi ababizayo ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe we-oyster. Ungaqala ibhizinisi ngokutshalwa kwemali okuncane okukhokha masinyane, ngoba imakethe igcina isidingo esizinzile salolu hlobo lwezitshalo eziphikisanayo, noma ngabe zisiphi izici zonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba okuningi ngokukhula kwe-oyster.
Izindlela Zokukhulisa Amakhowe
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwamakhowe we-oyster ulula kakhulu. Kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili kuphela:- Okubanzi;
- Kuhle kakhulu.
Indlela yesibili isondele ngangokunokwenzeka ezimweni zemvelo zemvelo. Amakhowe atshalwa ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Kodwa-ke, lobu buchwepheshe bunobunzima obuthile. Okusemqoka yile:
- Isikhathi sokufakwa isikhathi eside;
- Njalo ngonyaka uwela;
- Kunzima ukugcina izimo zokuhamba kahle kwezifundo;
- Ubuchwepheshe obubanzi buhlose ukudala imikhiqizo enobungane bemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe kukho okuvumela ukuthi kuvumela ukuthole isivuno esihle kakhulu, esigcina izinkomba kusukela ngonyaka kuya kunyaka. Lokhu kutholakala ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezilawulwayo.
Okokuqala, i-substrate efanelekile iyalungiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bathatha i-hay echotshoziwe noma i-sawdust echotshoziwe, i-weave, ngemuva kwalokho umanyolo wamaminerali ne-mycelium engezwa kubo. Umzimba wezitshalo wamakhowe uthathwa ekubalweni kwe-4 kg ngethani le-substrate. Isisindo esidingekayo sinqamula ezikhwameni lapho kwenziwa khona izimbobo ezincane ukuze kususwe umswakama owengeziwe.
Ukupakipha nokuqukethwe kubekwe egumbini elivikelwe yilanga, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya elisezingeni lama-degrees angama-24 kanye nomswakama uhlala elondolozwa - amaphesenti angama-65. Cishe inyanga, amakhowe azohamba. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zempelasonto akuhlukile ekhaya, futhi umehluko kuphela osezingeni lemikhiqizo esekhulile.
Ngemuva kokwakheka kwamakhowe, izikhwama zingena egumbini elinomswakama womoya cishe ngamaphesenti angama-85 namazinga okushisa akhona kusuka kuma-degree ayi-13 kuye kwayi-16. Izimo ezinjalo zithathwa njengezifanelekile ekwakhekeni kwama-embubroom amakhowe, lapho azovele akhule ngesisindo kusuka ku-0,4 amakhilogremu ama-4.
Inzuzo yalolu hlobo lwamakhowe yilokho ngemuva kokuvunwa, kuzokhula amasonto ayisigamu nje. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kwamakhowe kutholakala. Ibhizinisi lizochuma futhi ungalikala kancane kancane, ngenkathi ukhula isivuno. Ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungenzeka ukuqoqa amakhowe okungenani amahlandla amathathu. Ngonyaka olandelayo ukulungiselela i-substrate entsha, njengoba nje indala ingafanele. Ngokusho kwabalimi abanolwazi, isikhwama esisodwa ngokwesilinganiso siletha amakhilogremu amane we-oyster.
Indlela yokwenza izinto
Akunandaba ukuthi uzokwenza ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe ama-champigns noma i-oyster, i-algorithm yomsebenzi iyafana. Okokuqala, udinga ukwenza uhlelo lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane. Izohlola izindleko ezidingekayo zezezimali kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona ongazithola ekutshalweni kwemali.
Ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esilandelayo:
- Ukubhaliswa kwebhizinisi;
- Ukuqasha igumbi elifanele;
- Okokusebenza nemishini yezobuchwepheshe;
- Iqoqo labasebenzi abaqashiwe;
- Sesha iziteshi zokuthengisa;
- Ukubalwa kwezinkomba zezezimali.
Uma unamathela kuleli algorithm, awukwazi ukuhlela ibhizinisi lasekhaya kuphela, kepha futhi ukuvula isitshalo ukuze kukhiqizwe amakhowe. Into esemqoka ukunquma ukutholwa kwemisebenzi kanye nohlelo lwentela. Ukuze uqondakale kangcono ukuthi wenzeni, kuzobhekwa ngakunye kwezigaba ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukubhaliswa kwebhizinisi
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe, khona-ke into yokuqala okufanele uhlele ngayo yonke imibhalo edingekayo enikezwe ngumthetho. Uma ugcina ibhizinisi ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuheha abasebenzi, ungabhalisela ukuhlolwa kwentela njengosomabhizinisi ngamunye. Uma uqala ukukhula imikhiqizo emavoluni amakhulu kanye nochwepheshe abafanelekayo kuzosebenza kuwe, khona-ke kulokhu kungcono ukuvula i-LLC. Ngokuqondene nentela, lapha kuphela okukhethwa kukho okukodwa kumabhizinisi ezolimo. Ubukhulu bawo ngamaphesenti ayisithupha wenzuzo yonyaka.
Ukuze uthole umklamo wezomthetho ukuze uhambe ngokushesha okukhulu, lungiselela amadokhumenti alandelayo kusenesikhathi:
- I-Radiology Protocology;
- Isitifiketi sokuvumelana;
- Isitifiketi se-phytosanitary.
Zonke izinkomba ezibhalwe ezihlubha ezingenhla zitholakala ngemuva kokuvunwa kokuqala kuqoqwe. Ukugwema izinkinga eziningi kwinqubo, landela umsebenzi wamazinga amakhulu wokuhlanzeka. Njengombukiso wokuzijwayeza, amakhowe enziwe amaRussia awaphansi ezicini zabo zokunambitha kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo kwemikhiqizo yaseNtshonalanga, ngakho-ke kufanele ube nakho konke.
Sesha izakhiwoIzingxabano ze-mushroom ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-allergener, ngakho-ke isakhiwo sokukhiqiza kumele sibe kude nasendaweni yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokwanela, kufanele kube umnyango omuhle kuyo, okuzohlinzeka ngokugqoka okujwayelekile okuluhlaza kanye nokulethwa kwemikhiqizo eqediwe kubathengi. Kulezi zinsuku, umhlaba omningi wezolimo awunalutho, ngakho-ke akufanele kube nezinkinga ezikhethekile ngokufuna izakhiwo ezifanele. Futhi uma uhlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ungakhula ngokukhula kwamakhowe eSaraj.
Kungcono ukuthi igumbi lilidle le mibandela elandelayo:
- Indawo ephansi ngamamitha-skwele ayi-15. m.;
- Ukuba khona komoya omncane;
- Umswakama womoya - 80%;
- Ukushisa okukhona - kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 degrees;
- Ukutholakala kwezokuxhumana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, esakhiweni kumele kube namakamelo ahlukene okukhula nokugcina imikhiqizo, kanye nokusebenza ne-substrate.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemishini
Ezigabeni zokuqala zomsebenzi akukho mqondo othile ekuthengweni kwamathuluzi angenisa abizayo. Ungathenga imisebenzi esetshenzisiwe noma yasekhaya. Isibonelo, eyomile yamakhowe aseRussia ayikho ngaphansi kwezici zayo zezobuchwepheshe kubalingani baseNtshonalanga, kepha ngasikhathi sinye babiza kakhulu. Ukonga kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwamanani amakhulu kuzodinga amanani ahlaba umxhwele ekuthengeni izinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ukuze usebenze ngokujwayelekile, uzodinga imishini elandelayo yokukhiqizwa kwesikhunta:
- Generator Steam - 40 000 r;
- Pasteurizer - 10 000 r;
- I-Air Hummishifier - 8 000 R;
- Amadivayisi wokushisa - 5 000 p;
- Uhlelo lokuphefumula - 7 000 r.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga izingwegwe noma ubakaki okhethekile we-bracket ama-sacchas ngamakhowe.
Ngokuqondene nezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo, uhlu lwalo lubandakanya okulandelayo:
- Substrate;
- Mycelium;
- Umanyolo.
Izindleko ezilinganisiwe zokwethula ibhizinisi akufanele zedlule ama-ruble ayi-100,000. Uma ungafuni ukuzibandakanya nokhula, futhi uthanda ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezigcwele, inani lokutshalwa kwemali kokuqala lizobe lilingana. Imishini yokukhiqizwa kwamakhowe kwama-champigns kufanelekile okufanayo.
Abasebenzi abaqashiweLapho ukhula amakhowe ekhaya, ungasebenza ngokuzimela, nokho, lapho uhlela iphrojekthi enkulu, ngaphandle kosizo lweqembu lesithathu alukwazi ukukwenza. Kumane akunakwenzeka ukucubungula amathani we-substrate uqobo, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka uhehe abaqashiwe. Mangaki umuntu azodinga ngokuqondile kuncike kokuqukethwe kanye nemishini yezobuchwepheshe yepulazi.
Uma ungakwazi ukuthenga yonke imishini edingekayo, abasebenzi kufanele bafake ochwepheshe abalandelayo:
- Isaziso;
- Ukuqalisa;
- 3 Handymen.
Lesi sisebenzi sanele ukukhiqiza amakhilogremu angama-200 amakhowe njalo ngenyanga.
Ukusesha Iziteshi Ukuthengisa
Ngokwengeziwe, akudingeki usebenzise imali ukuze ulethelwe, ngoba iningi labathengi lithatha imikhiqizo ngokuzimela. Ubunzima obukhulu ukubikezela ngokunembile inani elifanele lokuvuna, ukuze ungasondeli amakhasimende futhi ungahlali ku-minus. Phakathi kwabathengi abangahle kunezitolo kanye nezitolo ezinkulu, izikhungo zokupheka, ukucubungula izitshalo namaphuzu amancane okuthengisa ezimakethe zedolobha. Ukufinyelela inzuzo ephezulu, ukuthengiswa kweziteshi zokuthengisa kwenziwa kangcono esiteji sokufuna izakhiwo. Uma ukwazile ukwakha isisekelo seklayenti esihlala njalo, ungaya ezingeni lokuhlukana ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje. Ukuze wandise ukuncintisana, kungakuhle ukuthi uqhamuke negama elikhumbulekayo lenkampani kanye ne-logo ebonakalayo yenhlangano.
Ukutshalwa kwemali okuqala nemigomo yokukhokha
Ngokusho kosomabhizinisi abanolwazi oye kwaba nekhono lokukhulisa amakhowe, cishe ama-ruble angama-500,000 azokwanela ukuqala. Kodwa-ke, uzodinga i-airbag ethile, ngoba izindleko zanyanga zonke zokugcina ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwebhizinisi kuyahlukahluka kusuka kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 kuye kwayi-150. Ngokuqondene nenzuzo yeNet, kuya ngevolumu yemikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngenyanga uzoqoqa kusuka kumakhilogremu ayi-150 kuya kwangama-190 amakhowe, ukuqaliswa kwawo okuzokulethela ama-ruble angu-150,000. Ngakho-ke, imali etshaliwe izokhokha ngokugcwele izinyanga eziyi-7- 10.
Ukubuyekezwa kosomabhizinisi
Ngokusho kosomabhizinisi abanolwazi, amakhowe akhulayo ayi-niche ethembisa kakhulu emakethe, naphezu komncintiswano ophakeme. Isidingo sabo sikhula njalo, ngakho-ke siyanda inzuzo. Isici esikhulu ukunyuka okunamandla ngentengo yemikhiqizo yenyama. Ngokusho kososayensi bezomnotho, ukuthambekela okunjalo kuzoqhubeka ngokuzayo, ngakho-ke ungagijima ngokuphepha ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ekhaya noma ukwethula isitshalo esincane sokukhiqizwa kwamakhowe. Into esemqoka ukwenza uhlelo lwebhizinisi oluhle futhi lunamathele ngokusobala inkambo ehleliwe, futhi ngokuqinisekile uzosebenza.
(Umthombo: echo-ua.media)
Uma unesifiso sokukhulisa amakhowe, bheka i-Agroxxi Agromagazine ngezincwadi eziwusizo embonini yama-mushroom.