Ingoganizirani kuti infinity ikuwoneka ngati yosatheka. Komabe, masamu a masamu amati sayansiyi imapatsa munthu mwayi wokhala ndi inu "pa inu." Chifukwa chake, masamu alexei Sachachaveteyev amatcha masamu kudzera mu infinity. "Kukula kwa masamu," adalemba mu buku lake, "awa ndi kufa kwa inu" kwa inu. " Ndipo inunso inu "pa inu" ndi inu, ndibwino kuti mumve masamu. " Kuti mumvetsetse momwe asayansi amaganizira kuchepa kwa masamu, tiyeni tikambirane mndandanda wa nambala yachilengedwe 1, 2, 3, 4, ... yomwe ingapitirire mosatha. Njira zopitilira izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zitsanzo zoyambirira za lingaliro lovuta ngati infinity. Pakadali pano, mu masamu, njira zomwe zilibe malire kapena kumapeto zimapezeka kawirikawiri, ndipo funso lokha limakhala ndi mizu yake mu masamu ku Greece Yakale.
Mbiri Yanu
Kukhazikika koyamba pamutu wa masamu mwina ndi nthabwala za wafilosofi wachi Greek wa Zeni. Chimodzi mwa izo (cholembedwa m'zaka za zana lachisanu ku nthawi yathu) ndikuda nkhawa za ACHALSI, zomwe zili mwachangu kwambiri ndi Agiriki onse, omwe ayenera kuyenda ndi kamba. Malinga ndi chododometsa, azimu okhoma msanga sadzapeza kamba kambiri ngati kambayo ali pamaso pa alulles.
Aristotle anali ndi nkhawa ndi izi ndi zingwe zina za kusokonekera kosatha. Thambo, adaganiza, sakanakhoza kukhala wamkulu kwambiri. Zikadakhala choncho, ndiye kuti theka lake likadakhala lopanda malire. Koma kodi nchiani chimapangitsa kufalikira konse kuposa theka la theka la theka la theka la theka la hafu yake? Zikuwoneka kuti, palibe; Onse ndi opanda malire, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala kukula kwake. Koma sangakhale ofanana, monga theka limodzi limasiyana. Aristotle amaika patsogolo ena angapo ndipo amazindikira kuti chilengedwechi chikakhala chomaliza. Poyang'ana nyenyeziyo, akuti cosmos imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu (koma lofikika) kuchokera pansi.
Komabe, zimawononga Aristotle kuti wina afunseni zomwe wina afunsani mbali inayo ya gawo. Komabe, lingaliro ili limakonda anthu kwa zaka zopitilira chikwi, zomwe sizoyipa. M'zaka za zana lachitatu BC, Arrimedada adawerengera kuti ndi mchenga wambiri uti womwe udzafunika kudzaza chilengedwe cha Aristotle, ndipo mu Middle Ages, Thomas Aquansky adathandizira Aristotle, ndipo mawonekedwe awa adakhala Mpingo Wampingo.
Chilichonse chasintha pamene Nikolai Copernicus adanena kuti dzikolo si likulu la chilengedwe. Pambuyo pake m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Agalileo Galileya adadziwika kuti ndiwoganiza zowopsa, monga momwe zidawonekera poyera ndi infinity. Dziko lapansi ndi lopanda malire, Iye anachilingalira, ndipo chinthu ndi chamuyaya. Pambuyo pake, m'ma 1920, a ku Germany David Hilbert adakumana ndi kuyesa kotchuka kuwonetsa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kudziwa momwe mukudziwira.
Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za nkhani zaposachedwa kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi sayansi komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba? Lembetsani ku njira yathu ya telegram tenel kuti musaphonye Zida Zatsopano Zatsopano!
Pardiose ya hotelo yosatha
Chifukwa chake, tiyerekeze kuti ndinu olandila ku hotelo pansi pa dzina lophiphiritsa "mpaka". Zipinda zonse za hotelo, zomwe ndizopanda malire, komanso mwadzidzidzi mlendo watsopano akuwonekera. Kodi simuyenera kuyendetsa? Ayi, zonse zomwe mukufuna ndikusunthira mlendo kuchokera kuchipinda 1 kuchipinda 2, ndipo mlendo kuchokera kuchipinda 2 ndi mchipindacho. Voila - chipinda choyamba tsopano ndichomasulidwa kwa mlendo watsopanoyo. Koma bwanji ngati padzakhala alendo ambiri osakwaniritsidwa?
Zimapezeka kuti mutha kukhala okoma mtima. Amuna oyambira m'chipinda choyambirira amalowa m'chipinda choyambirira 2, ndipo otsalawo kuchokera kuchipinda chachiwiri amalowa mchipindamo atatu ndipo mpaka pansi ... mpaka infinity. Popeza zipindazi zimakhala ndi zipinda zambiri, ndipo ngakhale zili ngakhale manambala, mutha kuyika alendo ambiri atsopano mu (tsopano ufulu) manambala osamvetseka. Ngakhale manambala azikhala ochuluka monga manambala, chifukwa pali zipinda zopanda malire, ngakhale zili choncho kapena zosamveka. Zotsatira zake, titha kuyika ziwerengero zonse popanda ndalama zokhazokha mu "zipinda" zokha, zokhala ndi manambala. Kuyesa kwamaganizidwe kumeneku kumadziwika kuti chododometsa cha hotelo yopanda, chomwe chikuwonetsa bwino zomwe zili ndi zigawo zopanda malire.
Malinga ndi Mlengi wa ziphunzitso za zigawo, Asamuketi a masamu Agior, pali manambala ambiri, ndipo manambala osawerengeka awa amafotokoza mitundu yambiri ya manambala. Mwachitsanzo, ku Paradox Chiwerengero cha manambala chinali chimodzimodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa manambala (ndi manambala osamvetseka, komanso manambala osavuta, ndi mabiliyoni angapo, ndi zina). Masiku ano zikuwoneka zodziwikiratu, koma sizinawonekere kwa Aristotle ndi otsatira ake, omwe adaganiziranso za kutanthauza kwenikweni kwa lingaliro losavomerezeka lasayansi.
Khazikitsani chiphunzitso - gawo la masamu, zomwe zimawerengera katundu wa zigawo - zigawo za zinthu zotsutsana, zomwe zili ndi katundu wamba.
Cantor adatsimikiziranso kuti kuchuluka kwa tizigawo ndikofanana ndi chiwerengero chopanda malire chomwe Alero amatchedwa zero. Chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe adatsimikizira (mothandizidwa ndi mfundo zomwe zimatchedwa diagoonal), zomwe zimalibe ndalama zochepa.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi: zomwe zikutsimikizira chiphunzitso cha Ponicare zabwerera
Ntchito yakale yakaleyi idakumana ndi kukana kwakukulu, koma pamapeto pake adalandira ndipo tsopano adalandiridwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Pali ochepa kwambiri a masamu otchedwa antunionists kapena opanga omwe sakhulupirira kuti titha kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la kukhala wopanda malire. M'zaka za zana la 20, anzeru adalumikizana, omwe adafunsapo ngati mawonekedwe akukhometseka akhoza kumveka kuti unsi mu infinity. Mukuganiza bwanji za izi? Mayankho azikhala pano, komanso m'mawu awa.