Nyob ze rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob tos ib tug neeg ua si phaib, ib tug neeg sib tham ncig qhov hluav taws kub. Daim duab no tuaj yeem pom ntawm txhua txoj kev Niger hauv peb lub xyoos dhau los. Ib qho ntawm lawv, "tus tswv ntawm cov tshuaj yej", stereat dhau ib qho khoom me me hlau ntawm cov coals. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov txheej txheem ntev thiab mob siab ntawm brewing ntsuab tshuaj yej rau nws pawg, tshooj. Lawv sau ua ke rau qhov no.
Cov txiv neej muab lawv cov Pad npe thiab feem ntau sau nws ntawm phab ntsa, uas lawv tuaj nrog khob. Cov npe feem ntau tham txog qhov kev cia siab thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov txiv neej nyob rau yav tom ntej - piv txwv li nyiaj txiag "[HONEYMOON] lossis" Brooklyn cov tub "[Brooklyn hais mav]. Lawv tuaj yeem qhuas cov neeg koom nrog - "Cov Tub Hluas Nkauj" Qee pawg - piv txwv li, "Tus thawj coj Karate" [Karate Master] - muaj npe tom qab kev nyiam. Qee lub npe tham txog cov teeb meem uas tau hu ua "MDR", uas txhais tau tias yog kev pw tsaug zog - Noj-pw-don - "L'h'International Desur Chrəme" [L'International poob].
Xyoo 1990, cov pab pawg ntawm cov pab pawg tau pib sib sau ua ke ntawm txoj kev, tawm tsam tsoomfwv thiab kev hloov kho nom tswv. Tsis ntev hauv cov pab pawg pib sib pauv xov xwm, kev xav thiab tsim kev txuas. Tshuaj yej Brewing yog ib qho uas ib txwm ntxiv. Kev txhawb nqa kev nom tswv maj mam ploj mus dhau peb lub xyoos tom ntej, muab txoj kev rau qee qhov kev tawm tsam uas ntsiag to - tawm tsam cov neeg uas tab tom muaj kev lag luam tsis muaj zog. Qhov kev txiav txim siab sib sau ua ke nrog lub kettle ntawm txoj kev, thiab tsis yog nyob hauv tsev, piv txwv txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub tebchaws. Lawv tseem tos kom txog thaum lub kastle boils, thiab lawv lub neej tom ntej yuav txhim kho.
"Cov tub ntxhais hluas Nigerians hais tias" Zaman Kashin Wando ", uas txhais tau tias" zaum, tua ris. " Kab lus no piv rau tib neeg immobility thaum nws lub neej tom ntej tau ncua. Haws Highly piv txwv. "Los tua" ntawm no txhais tau tias "hnav tawm," hais tias xibfwb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tsev kawm qib siab ntawm Adeline Maschelieu. - Cov kab lus no txhais tau tias txhua zaus koj zaum hauv cov sij hawm ua kom muaj kev lom zem, ib feem ntawm pants hnav. Cov tub ntxhais hluas hu lawv tus kheej "Masais Wando" (cov uas tau hnav ris tsho) yog qhov qhia txog tus kheej. "
Lawv lub siab nyiam heev: tau txoj haujlwm, txij nkawm, pib ua tsev neeg. Ib qho yog txuas nrog lwm tus - kev sib yuav yog tsis zoo li yog tus txiv neej hluas tsis muaj kev nojelhoud. Thaum cov haujlwm tsis txaus, tsuas yog txoj kev xaiv yog tos. Cov kws tshawb fawb hu rau lub sijhawm siv tau kom txog thaum loj hlob hauv Niger thiab lwm qhov chaw, hauv Is Nrias teb, ntawm kev tos (ntawm tos, tos). Cov neeg txom nyem no tsis tau tsim txom. Thiab es tsis txhob loj hlob, lawv yog dhuav thiab yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txwv tus mob, thiab yog li ntawd siv sijhawm rau tshuaj yej.
Vim li cas laj teb sawvPhau ntawv "Yuav ua li cas cov kev xav yog yug los" Tus Xib Sub Psychology ntawm Northeast University Liza Feldman Barrett piav qhia txog txhua tus qauv, yuav ua li cas txhawj xeeb txog txhua yam, kev zoo siab lossis npau taws. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev xav zoo yog tsim los ntawm peb cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev sib raug zoo, thiab qee zaum cov lus peb siv los piav txog lawv.
Muaj kev sib txawv me ntsis cov lus uas ua rau muaj kev pom ntawm cov kev xav. Yog li, cov lus Fabkis los tsim kev laj ua si - ennui - yog txuam nrog kev tsis muaj tswv yim, thaum German - Liage "thiab" lub sijhawm "- ntau dua. Nws zoo nkaus li tias lo lus "Langewers" tau tshwm sim rau ntau xyoo lawm ua ntej English "laj" boredom "thiab tau siv thaum pib ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Thiab qhov no yog nyob rau lub sijhawm, vim tias, raws li qee cov kws sau keeb kwm, nws tsis tau dhuav dhau - tsawg kawg hauv qhov kev nkag siab uas peb paub nws. Yuav kom tau txais kev dhuav, koj yuav tsum muaj qhov laj thawj thiab tuaj yeem ntsuas lub sijhawm. Tag nrho cov no tsis cuam tshuam rau chav ua haujlwm. Lawv ib txwm tau ua haujlwm thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab tshwj xeeb vim tias yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub sijhawm.
Lub taub hau ntawm Anthropology lub chaw haujlwm ntawm National University Yasmin Lasharbash hais tias kev laj xeeb yog tus yam ntxwv zoo li cov xeeb ceem ntawm sab hnub poob. Cov kws tshawb fawb kev ntseeg ntseeg "niaj hnub ua rau lub sijhawm" pib thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev hloov pauv, thaum nws ua tau zoo dua los saib lub sijhawm tom qab lub moos. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ntawd era ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau pib taug kev raws sijhawm. Tam sim ntawd, thaum muaj koob meej ntawm cov pej xeem thauj pej xeem nce ntau yam, nws tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov twg thiab lub sijhawm twg koj yuav tsum ua. Thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej pib tuaj thiab tawm lub moos. Nws yog thaum pib hloov chaw haujlwm.
Lub moos tau los ua ib feem tseem nyob ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob sab hnub poob, coj nrog lawv "lub sijhawm pub dawb", thiab muaj hmoo me ntsis - nyiaj tau sib txuas. Tsis ntev cov neeg nyob hauv West dhuav lawv tus kheej thiab tom qab ntawd cais lawv txoj kev laj nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
Kho kom zoo los ntawm kev lajCov kev tshawb nrhiav cov aborigines ntawm Varlpiri, uas nyob hauv tebchaws Varherether hauv Australia txij xyoo 1994. Txhua txhua xyoo nws los rau lawv rau ib pliag thiab dhau sijhawm dhau los ob peb lub sijhawm dhau los tau pom tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev ntsuas varlirpiriri.
"Keeb kwm keeb kwm, Kuv txhais tau tias kev coj mus ncaj, xws li ib yam, zoo li kev laj thawj, tsis yog," nws hais. - Boredom yog thaum koj ntsib sijhawm. Yav dhau los, qhov no tsuas tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Vim tias yog txoj kev coj thiab yuav ua li cas rau hnub tau npaj - kev hu xov tooj, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, - lub sijhawm dhau los ua lub tsho. " Qhov khi ntawm lub sij hawm conflitive varliri, thiab cov hluas hluas siv ntau dua thiab yuav muaj dua cov cwj pwm ntawm European Australian.
Xib fwb ntawm University of Western Australia Burbank tau cav, rau cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws hauv tebchaws European tau ua tsis tau zoo. European Australians siv ntau yam los qhia lawv cov menyuam mus pw kom ncav sijhawm, thaum cov niam txiv-aborigines tsis ua.
"Sijhawm pw tsaug zog rau peb mus ua haujlwm thiab ua cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo los ntawm peb," hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab. - Peb nkag siab tias qee yam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau qee lub sijhawm. Nov yog ib zaj lus qhia no zoo nkauj heev, tab sis qhov no yog txoj hauv kev los lees lub sijhawm ntawd yog koj tus tswv. "
Musharbash hais tias Australian aborigines "oppressed" lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog li tsis txhob dhuav, lawv tab tom sim kom tshem tau txoj kev tsim txom no. "Yog tias koj nyob ntawm no, tsis muaj tshuab, [lub sijhawm] cia li ntws tawm thiab hla dhau," hais tom qab. - Koj pw, lossis mus tua tsiaj, lossis ua zaub mov noj, lossis zaum ntawm hluav taws thiab qhia dab neeg. Thiab koj tham txog ib yam dab tsi, ua kom tob thiab ntxim nyiam tswv yim tswv yim, koj muaj lub sijhawm tsis kawg rau qhov no. " Qhov yuav tsum tau siv lub sijhawm pub dawb ploj yog tias koj tsis txhawj xeeb txog kev xaiv sijhawm.
Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Tebchaws Europe ua ntej lub xyoo pua XIX, peb tsis paub tias kev xav ntawm kev laj nyob hauv zej zog varlirPir tsho ua ntej cov lus no. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm cov kev paub ntawm cov kev mus nqa tau ntawm cov lus nug yog qhov tseeb uas cov lus nug yog qhov tsis nyiam nws - nws tsawg dua li qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm lub neej los ntawm European. "Tsis yog txhua tus neeg pw tsaug zog tib lub sijhawm, koj pw thaum koj xav tau, ces pib sib tham lossis tsis muaj dab tsi tshaib plab - tsis muaj dab tsi qhia koj tias koj yuav tsum ua qee yam," nws hais. - Cov neeg nyob hauv sab hnub poob yog qhov nyuaj rau xav txog. "
Tus yuam sij rau yav tom ntejKev ywj pheej los ntawm lub sij hawm uas cov ris ceg thiab mascelie yog saib hauv zej zog ntawm varlpir tsho thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Niger, kuj tau pom hauv lwm yam kev tsis muaj kev coj noj coj ua. Tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv koom ua ke qhov tseeb tias lawv siv sijhawm ntau dhau los siv rau kev coj tsis zoo. Thaum lub sijhawm nias ntau dhau, tib neeg, txawm hais tias lawv nyob qhov twg, pib tua nws, raws li txoj cai, nws tshwm sim txaus ntshai heev, cov ntawv sau cia. Tib neeg kev phem saib TV, zaub mov lossis dej cawv, twv txiaj thiab tshuaj.
Hauv Niger, ntseeg tias cov tub ntxhais hluas yog tus yuam sij rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub tebchaws. Raws li Maschanieu, "Qhia Vajtswv Xam Xaj] [cov neeg phem haiv neeg] tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg uas ua rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm ua khob cij, thiab lawv txoj kev kawm tseem ceeb tshaj li lawv cov viv ncaus. "Lub neej ntawm kev poob haujlwm yog tsawg heev, yuav tsis muaj sijhawm nyob hauv nws, vim lub sijhawm yeej tsis txav hlo li," nws hais.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas Niger, kev soj ntsuam Mascol, piav qhia lub sijhawm uas yog "qhov tsis muaj dab tsi uas lawv sim" sau "lossis" tua ". Lo lus Rashi, uas peb txhais ua kev sib tsoo txhais tau tias "tsis zoo", xws li hauv Rashin Da'di, lossis qhov tsis txaus siab / txaus siab ". Kev ua laj nyob hauv Niger cuam tshuam nrog tsis muaj. Thiab lub sijhawm tua lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ces ua kom tau zoo, koj yuav tsum sau nws. Yog li ntawd, lawv haus dej tshuaj yej.
"Cov tshuaj yej haus rau peb ua tus kab mob," piav qhia ib tug hluas Niger. "Tshuaj yej yog peb cov tshuaj," ntxiv rau lwm qhov.
Tus tswv ntawm cov tshuaj yej, piv cov yeeb tshuaj haus, hais txog lub sijhawm twg tuaj yeem siv rau qee yam tsis zoo, ntawm kev vam khom ntawm uas LawbBash hais txog. Rau cov txiv neej no, cov tshuaj yej tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev los tswj rov qab nws lub sijhawm. Lawv lub sijhawm tsis muaj lub homphiaj li, nws muaj kev sib raug zoo, koom nrog thiab qhov zoo.
Maschaelie hais tias tshuaj yej haus nqus cov hluas npau suav cov txiv neej tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem leisure yog kev tawm tsam nrog ob lub tswb. Ntawm ib sab tes, lawv muaj qee yam tos - npaj-ua dej tshuaj yej. Ntawm qhov tod, lawv tuaj yeem coj lawv tus kheej nrog cov txheej txheem scrupulish. Koj tuaj yeem pov ib lub hnab ntim tshuaj yej rau hauv lub khob thiab brew teaming koj tus kheej - tab sis qhov twg yog txoj kev txaus siab ntawm no?
Tos cov tshuaj yej, nrog rau kev ua si hauv phaib lossis rov qab cov kev sib cuam tshuam uas tawm tsam lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm no, "sau ntawv. Lawv tsom rau qee yam tsis tseem ceeb, thiab tsis nyob rau lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntev ntev.
Cov tshuaj yej tau qhia tias muaj lub hom phiaj loj yog ib txwm muaj, tab sis kom tiv nrog doredom, nws yog qhov zoo rau lub neej nyob rau yav tom ntej.