Nge-3 kaJulayi, ngo-1991, iBhunga EliPhelelekileyo laseRussia, emva koko le-RSDR, yamkela umthetho wokuqala olawulayo: Umthetho "kwi-privesment yoRhulumente kunye noMasipala". Kwabo bangazaziyo, sikhumbula ukuba ngoAprili 1992, i-Aunter yokuqala yokuthengisa amashishini eRhwebo, inkonzo yasekhaya kunye ne-Aatoly Chubaars e-Nizhny novgorod.
I-preitat, iqhutywa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1990, ihlala ihleli lawona mabali aphikisayo kwimbali yale mihla yaseRussia. Ekuqaleni yayicinga ukuba abantu baya kuba nakho ukusebenzisa imali eqokelelwe kwi-ofisi yebhokisi yolondolozo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwi-prioting. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuqokelelwa kwabemi kwakungo-1990 kwisithathu se-USSR GDP. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambili kwexabiso lenkululeko efakwe kwinkululeko isungule inkqubo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso okunyuka kwamaxabiso (i-168% ngo-1991, i-2600), ewanciphise amandla okuthenga kwabemi ukuya kwi-2%. Ke, abemi abakwazanga ukusebenzisa ukuqokelelwa kwabo kwinkqubo yabucala. Kucacile ukuba yayiyinzuzo kakhulu.
Kuba ingxelo yabemi yenzekile, imodeli yaseCzech yathatyathwa njengesiseko se-Russia yabucala ye-Russia-itsheki (ivawutsha). Endaweni yokuvula iiakhawunti, abantu bagqiba kwelokuba basasaze iivawutsha. Kodwa kungengakhululwa, kodwa i-rubles ye-25. Imali encinci, kodwa iphawuleka ngokupheleleyo ababhali bezinto zabucala. Uninzi lwabantu lwalungenalo umbono ocacileyo wokutshekishwa (iivawutsha), akuqondi ukuba kwenziwe ntoni nabo. Ingcaciso kaMnumzana Chubais ukuba iimoto ezimbini "Volga" ziya kufumaneka kwivawutsha enye (eyona moto iphambili kubemi belo xesha), khange bachaze nantoni na. Zimbini "i-volga", kodwa ayaziwa xa, nalapha ngoku inikezela ngemali ephilayo. Kwaye abaninzi baqala ukuzithengisa kubathengi ngeebhotile ezimbini zevodka. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, malunga nezigidi ezingama-25 abantu baseRussia batyale iivawutsha zabo ukukhangela imali yotyalo-mali (uninzi lwayo aluzange luhlawule naziphi na izabelo zamashishini (uninzi lwaphela ngokukhawuleza kwintengiso), a Isithathu sabanini beevawutsha abathengise ngayo.
Ngama-kuphelane eephakheji ezinkulu zabavangeli ezithengiweyo kwabemi banokuthatha inxaxheba kwitshekhi kunye ne-Ausporal. Ixabiso lokwenyani lentengiso yephakheji yendawo enokufunyanwa kwi-vawutsha enye, ethandabuza ukuba luluhlu olubanzi. Umzekelo, kwingingqi ye-nizhny novgoroD ngo-1994, ivawutsha enye inokutshintshwa i-2000 iharing rao gazprom (ixabiso lazo lentengiso ngo-2008 lalimalunga namawaka angama-700 i-rubles). Lilonke, ngoFebruwari 1994, ngaphezulu kwamawaka ali-9 amawaka afakwe i-fauls, apho kwasetyenziswa khona iivawutsha ezingama-52 ezigidi. Ngokweenkcukacha, amashishini a amashishini ophethwe ngurhulumente abunjwe ngo-1991-1992, ngo-1993 amanani abo anyuke ukuya kwi-88.6 amawaka, ngo-1994 ukuya kwi-112.6 amawaka. Phakathi kwazo, i-92% yamashishini e-melterggerggerggerggergerger ingenziwa yabucala, i-95% yekhemikhali nepetrolmical. Ngo-1994, i-99% yemveliso yaveliswa kumashishini abucala e-messallgergergergergergergergy. Ngo-1996, kwabhengeza ngokuxhomekeka ngokusemthethweni kwishishini lokukhanya, kwaye ngo-1997 i-primucisetion yamashishini aseburhulumenteni, ukucocwa kwamashishini kunye neemveliso zokwakha kunye neemveliso zokutya zagqitywa.
Ukunqongophala kweemali zohlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunyanzelisa urhulumente ukuba abambe i-Auusts ebizwa ngokuba yimali mboleko. Izakhiwo ezinkulu zeshishini ezinikezelweyo zokuboleka urhulumente okhuselwe ngamashishini amakhulu. Ngokwemigaqo yemvumelwano, ukuba urhulumente akakwazanga ukuhlawula imali mboleko efunyenweyo, ishishini laba yipropathi yombolekisi. Ke, abasemagunyeni baqhuba isabelo esikhulu sempahla ngemali. Ngenxa yoko, nge- $ 1.1 yezigidigidi, izakhiwo eziphambili zezemali ziseke ulawulo kumashishini, kamva yiYukos, i-NOKCEKNICK, i-SIBINE kunye nezinye iinkampani ezinkulu. Ke kwavela i-Oliigornic eyakhiwe ngama-90s engu-90s, eyayingabanini beRussia. Uvavanyo lwembali lweziphumo zezinto zabucala eRussia ziseza. Kwaye siphila ngakumbi. Inkqubo yabucala yenkqubo ayipheli kwaye iyaqhubeka okwangoku.
Ngoku, ngokutsho koqikelelo lwahlukileyo, isabelo secandelo likarhulumente ekuqondeni kweRussia ukusuka kwi-50% ukuya kwi-70%. Uninzi lwezoqoqosho luyazithatha kakhulu kwaye lunyanzelise ukubekwa kwi-PHICH. Ngokoluvo lwabo, eRussia umyinge weenkampani zikarhulumente kufuneka zibe kwindawo ye-15%.
Kwingingqi yeNizhny NovgoroD, i-Show Show Showshotion yentengiso eqongeni esemvelaphi yoo-1990s, zonke ezona zixhobo zininzi kunye nesivuno esiphakamileyo kudala sabucala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuseloko kusenziwa ngasese kwindlu yokwenyani kwipropathi kamasipala. Isicwangciso sokuqikelela ukuba siseke sepropathi yepropathi kaRhulumente ye-2021 ne-2022, ilungelelaniswe yiKomiti yeNdibano yomthetho ye-Nizhny NovgoroD kuqoqosho nakumzi-mveliso, kubandakanya into ezine (!) Kuphela. Ngokutsho kukaSekela-Mphathiswa Wezemimandla Nobudlelwane kwezeNtlalo ye-Andrei Schegrov, ingeniso yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluvela kwintengiso ye-2021 iqikelelwe kwizigidi ezi-6, ngonyaka oziintloko ezi-2. Mhlawumbi, ingqwalaselo yomatshini wokushicilela utsala iindaba malunga nomnqweno wommandla, kwisandla esinye sokuthenga isabelo senkonzo ye-Nizhny Novgorod, kwelinye icala, emva koko thengise Zonke izabelo ze-cable zentambo.
Awona mfanekiso mhle kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo ekuphunyezweni komsebenzi wohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweerisithi ezingezizo zerhafu, ubulungiseleli bepropathi kunye nolwalamano lwepropathi ezinikezelwe ngo-2019. Ngo-2019, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwaseNizgoroD lwabhaliswa kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwe-931.5 yezigidi ruble.
Phantse imeko efanayo kwiziko lengingqi. Kwintlanganiso yesixeko iDuma, nge-17 kaFebruwari, idatha yabhengezwa ukuba iSicwangciso seNgeniso sokuLunga kwePropathi ngo-2020 senziwa ngama-89%. Amaziko angama-69 ethengiswa akuphumelelanga ukuphumeza, kwaye babandakanywa kwiSicwangciso sama-2021 ukuya ku-522. Kwaqatshelwa ngokukhethekileyo ukuba ukubheja kwi-priating akufuneki kwenziwe. Kuyimfuneko ukufuna ezinye iindlela zokuphumeza ipropathi yokukhulula uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluvela kwimfuno yokuqulatha izinto kwi-act iphepha labo lemali. Ke ngoko, ngokwenkonzo yeendaba ye-duma ye-nuzhny novgorod, kwisakhelo senkqubo yabucala kwikomkhulu eligunyazisiweyo le-JSC "I-Socelenergo" yezakhiwo ezingama-3 kunye nezakhiwo zobunjineli ezingama-59. Oku kuyakuvumela "amandla obushushu" ukulungisa, ukuphucula kunye nomxholo weenethiwekhi ze-AITE.
Kananjalo, i-gordeum yamkele isindululo sokudlulisela amaziko obusharha kwibhanki yasekhohlo ye-Oka ukuya kwipropathi ye-Nizhny NovgoroD.
Ke ngoko, malunga nokwenziwa kwabucala kwengingqi kunye neziko lengingqi, ikakhulu zizibonelelo ezincinci, umxholo woxanduva lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Ngoku kufuneka sifunde indlela yokuthengisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze, kwelinye icala, kuthetha ukufika komtyali-mali, ukulungele, ukuphuhlisa ingeniso kuye. Isixeko kunye nendawo ziyaphuhliswa. Iya kutsala abatyali-mali abakulungele ukumisela impahla yeNgingqi yeNgingqi. Iimpawu ezinkulu zokwentsungulwa zabucala zibekwe njengemfuneko yokugcina imbonakalo yedolophu, umtsalane wayo wabakhenkethi.