Musi waChikunguru 3, muna 1991, Dare Repamusoro reRussia, rinobva ratanga, Mutemo wekutanga wekutonga: Mutemo "pane zvekuvanzika zvemabhizimusi ehurumende uye munharaunda yezvinhu. Kune avo vasingazive, tinoyeuka kuti muna Kubvumbi 1992, auction yekutanga yekutengesa mabasa ekutengeserana, iyo yakauya vevanyori vechirongwa cheGiraivha yeGiidar uye Anatoly Chubais akaitwa muNizhy Novgorod.
Kuzivisa, kuitiswa kutanga kwa1990, kuchiri imwe yenyaya dzakapusa kwazvo munhoroondo yemazuva ano yeRussia. Yakanga yatanga kufungidzira kuti huwandu hwevanhu hwaizogona kushandisa mari dzakaunganidzwa muhofisi yebhokisi yekuchengetedza kutora chikamu muCraptatization. Mushure mezvose, kuunganidzwa kwevatungamiriri kwaive muna 1990 chetatu cheUSSR GDP. Nekudaro, yaimboita mutengo libherive yakatanga nzira yekufambisa inflation (168% muna 1991, 2608% muna 1992), iyo yakaderedza simba rekutenga revagari vemo kusvika ku2%. Nekudaro, vagari vasingakwanise kushandisa mahurumu avo mune yekuvhurika maitiro. Zviri pachena kuti yaive mumwe munhu anobatsira kwazvo.
Sezvo nhoroondo dzevagari vemo dzakaderedzwa, iyo czech modhi yakatorwa seyakasarudzika yekudzivirira kweRussia - cheki (voucher). Panzvimbo pekuvhura nhoroondo, huwandu hwevanhu vakasarudza kugovera mavheti. Asi kwete yemahara, asi makumi maviri nemashanu rubles. Mari shoma, asi zvizere hunhu ivo vanyori vekuvanzika. Vazhinji vevagari vaive vasina zano repamusoro rezvekuvhura mazita (vouchers), havana kunzwisisa kuti chii chinofanira kuitwa navo. Tsananguro yaVaMr. Chubais iyo mota mbiri "Volga" ichave inowanikwa pane imwe vocha (iyo yakanaka kwazvo mota yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwenguva iyoyo), haana kutsanangura chero chinhu. Vaviri "volga", asi hazvizivikanwe kana, uye zvino uye zvino vapa mari mhenyu. Uye vazhinji vakatanga kuvatengetengesa kune vatengi kwemabhodhoro maviri eVodka. Sekureva kwehuwandu, vanenge mamirioni makumi maviri nemashanu veRussia vakaisa mavheti avo kuti vatarise mari yekudyara chetatu chevaridzi vemavhotia vakatengesa.
Varidzi chete vemapakeji makuru emavhora vakatengwa kubva kuhuwandu vanogona kutora chikamu mukuongorora uye vafambi access. Iyo chaiyo yemusika kukosha kweiyo danda pasuru iyo inogona kuwanikwa mukuchinjana kweimwe vhezheni, yakazeza pamusoro pehuwandu hwakawanda. Semuenzaniso, muNizhny novgorod dunhu muna 1994, voucher imwe yaigona kuchinjana kuna 2000 inogovera Rao Gazparrom (kukosha kwavo kwemusika muna2008 kwakange kuri kuita mazana manomwe emazana emazana emazana. Pakazosvika, munaFebruary 1994, anopfuura zviuru mazana masere emakosi akaitwa, mairi mazana mashanu emamiriyoni emamiriyoni akashandiswa. Sekureva kwemishumo, 46.8 zviuru zvematunhu-zvemabhizimusi vaive vakachengetedzwa muna 1991-1992, muna1993 vakavhenekera, muna 1994 - kusvika 112.000. Pakati pavo, 92% yevasina-ferus metallurgy mabhizinesi aive akavanzika, 95% yemakemikari uye petrochemical. Muna 1994, 99% yezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa mukupururudzo kwemabhizimusi emasita. Muna 1996, zvakaziviswa zviri pamutemo kuti vazivikanwe venhoroondo yeChiedza, uye pakaziviswa 1997 kuti vazivikanwe engineering Engororo, nzvimbo yekunamatira uye zvigadzirwa zvekuvakisa uye zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka uye zvigadzirwa zvefodya.
Iko kushomeka kwebhajeti mari yakamanikidza hurumende yekubata inonzi mortige emerti. Zvivakwa zvebhizinesi hombe zvakapihwa kukweretesa hurumende yakachengetedzwa nemabhizimusi makuru. Zvinoenderana nemitemo yechibvumirano, kana iyo nyika yakatadza kubhadhara chikwereti chakagamuchirwa, bhizinesi rakazova nzvimbo yemukweretesi. Saka, zviremera zvakaita basa rakakura-rakakura rezvombo nemari. Semhedzisiro, yemabhiriyoni emadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi matanhatu emari, miganhu huru yemari akagadza kutonga pamusoro pemabhizimusi, gare gare neYukos, Norelsk Nickerl, Sibneft uye mamwe makambani makuru. Saka zvimiro zvemhando yepamusoro zveOligarchric of 90s zvakaonekwa, izvo zvaive chaizvo varidzi veRussia. Iyo nhoroondo yekuongororwa kwemhedzisiro yekuvanzika muRussia ichiri mberi. Uye isu tinorarama zvakare. Maitiro ekudzivirira haagumiri uye anoenderera mberi aripo.
Zvino, maererano nezvakafungidzirwa zvakasiyana, chikamu chevoruzhinji chikamu muhupfumi hweRussia kubva ku50% kusvika 70%. Vazhinji vezvehupfumi vanofunga nezvazvo zvakawandisa uye vanoomerera pane kutsva kutsva. Mukufunga kwavo, muRussia chikamu chemakambani ehurumende-ane mamiriro anofanirwa kunge ari kumwe 15%.
Munzvimbo yeNizhny novgorod, iyo yekutanga show shanduko kumusika mukutanga kwa1990, zvese zvinwiwa zvakanyanya uye zvakakwirira-goho rave rakavanzika. Kusvika parizvino, pane kunyanya kuvanzika kwezvinhu zvivakwa muzvivakwa zvemari. Chirongwa chekufungidzira cheVimbiso cheZvakavanzika Zvivakwa zveMatare zve20021 uye 2022, zvakarongwa neDare reCommundu reNizhhy Novgirod Dunhu pahupfumi uye Indiri, Inosanganisira Chete Chete (!) Chinhu chete. Maererano nemutevedzeri wezvematongerwo enyika uye hukama hwenzvimbo uye mari yedunhu reScheni, iyo yedunhu bhajeti kubva kutengeswa kwezvinhu muna 2021 inofungidzirwa pamamiriyoni matanhatu, muna 2022 - padanho remamiriyoni maviri emamiriyoni. Zvichidaro, kutarisisa kwakadaro kwekutevedzera kwakakwezva nhau nezvehurumende yedunhu, pane rumwe rutivi rwekutenga chikamu chemotokari yematare eguta ese zana zana muzana ematare emotokari.
Nhamba dzakanakisa mumakore mashanu apfuura pakushandiswa kweBhajeti Basa reVasina-Mutero Risiti, iyo Sisitamu yeZvivakwa uye Yepasi Yakapihwa Muna 2019. Kwa 2019, iyo Nizhy Novgorod the Budget yakave yakanyoreswa mubhajeti ye91,5 miriyoni rubles.
Anenge mamiriro akafanana nenzvimbo yedunhu. Pamusangano weguta Duma, musi waFebruary 17, data rakaziviswa kuti chirongwa chekutanga cheVashandi vezvivakwa muna 2020 vakaurayiwa ne89%. Nzvimbo dze69 dziri kutengeswa dzakatadza kuita, uye ivo vanosanganisirwa muchirongwa 2021-2022. Izvo zvakanyatsocherechedzwa kuti kubheja pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa hakufanirwe kuitwa. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utarise dzimwe nzira dzekushandisa nadzo nzvimbo kuti isunungure bhajeti kubva kudiwa kuti iite zvinhu izvi pachiyero chavo. Nekudaro, maererano neyekutanga basa reDuma yeNizhny Novgorod, muzvimiro zvekuvhura muiyo Capital Capital yeJSC "SOCELEERENGO" inosanganisira zvinhu makumi matanhatu neshanu - Zvivakwa zvitatu uye 59 engineering zvivakwa. Izvi zvinobvumidza "simba rekupisa" kugadzirisa, kusimudzira uye zvirimo zvekushandisa network.
Zvakare, vatevedzeri veGordeum vakatendeudzira chikumbiro chekuburitsa nzvimbo dzakapetwa kuruboshwe rwebhangi rekuruboshwe reOKA kune iyo nzvimbo yeiyo Nizhy Novgorod Dunhu.
Nekudaro, maererano nekuvimbisa kwedunhu uye nzvimbo yedunhu, pane kunyanya zvidiki-zvidiki zvivakwa, zvirimo izvo zvinoremerwa nebhajeti. Isu tinofanirwa ikozvino kudzidza kutengesa zvishoma kuti titengese zvishoma kuti ndive, pane rumwe rutivi, zvaireva kusvika kwemuridzi webhizimusi, akagadzirira, kugadzira mabhebhi, uye kwete kungochera purofiti kubva mairi. Guta nenzvimbo zviri kukura. Iyo ichave isingachinjiki kukwezva vagari vezvivako vakagadzirira kuvanzika kwedunhu uye masimba emari. Zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvekuvhura zvakachengetedzwa zvakakodzera kuchengetedza chitarisiko cheguta, kutaridzika kwemushanyi.