Ku ya 3 Nyakanga, mu 1991, Inama Nkuru y'Uburusiya, hanyuma yandikira RSFSR, yemeje igikorwa cya mbere cyo kugenzura: Amategeko "ku cyemezo cyo kwegurira ibigo bya Leta n'imiryango". Kubatazi, twibutse ko muri Mata 1992, cyamunara yambere yo kugurisha imishinga yubucuruzi, serivise yo murugo no kugaburira, yabaye muri gahunda yo kwegurira Egor gadar na Anato Novgorod.
Kwegurira abikorera, byakozwe mu ntangiriro ya za 90, biracyahari mu nkuru zitavugwaho rumwe mu mateka ya none y'Uburusiya. Ubusanzwe yatekereje ko abaturage bazashobora gukoresha amafaranga yakusanyirijwe mu biro byo kuzigama kugira ngo bitabira abikorera ku giti cyabo. N'ubundi kandi, kwegeranya abaturage byari mu 1990 kimwe cya gatatu cya GDP ya USSR. Icyakora, ubwisanzure bw'ibiciro bwakorewe uburyo bwo guta agaciro (168% mu 1991, 2608% mu 1992), bigabanya imbaraga zo kugura abaturage kugeza 2%. Rero, abaturage ntibashoboraga gukoresha amabwiriza yabo muburyo bwo kwegurira. Biragaragara ko hari umuntu wunguka cyane.
Kubera ko inkuru z'abaturage zateshutse, icyitegererezo cya Ceki cyafashwe nk'ishingiro ry'uburusiya ku giti cyabo - cheque (voucher). Aho gufungura konti, abaturage bahisemo gukwirakwiza inyemezabuguzi. Ariko ntabwo ari ubuntu, ahubwo ni amafaranga 25. Amafaranga mato, ariko araranga byimazeyo abanditsi bonyine. Benshi mu baturage ntibari bafite igitekerezo cyoroheje cyo kugenzura ibyemezo (Vouchers), nticyasobanukiwe n'ibigomba gukorwa nabo. Ibisobanuro bya Bwana Chubais ko imodoka ebyiri "Vob" zizaboneka kuri voucher imwe (imodoka yo gushimirwa cyane kubaturage muri kiriya gihe), ntacyo yasobanuye. Babiri "Volro", ariko ntibiramenyekana igihe, kandi hano none bagatanga amafaranga. Benshi batangira kubagurisha kubaguzi amacupa abiri ya vodka. Ukurikije imibare, abarusiya bagera kuri miliyoni 25 bashoye inyemezabuguzi zabo kugira ngo bagenzure amafaranga y'ishoramari kugira ngo babone inyungu zose kugira ngo habeho inyungu. Icya gatatu cya banyiri Vouchers barabagurishije.
Gusa ba nyiri paki nini ya voucher yaguzwe nabaturage bashobora kwitabira kugenzura no kwifata. Agaciro k'isoko nyako k'ipaki ya Stake kashobora kuboneka mu rwego rwo kungurana ibitekerezo kimwe, byanze bikunze. Urugero, mu karere ka Nizhny Novhy Novgorod mu 1994, inyemezabuguzi imwe yashoboraga guhana umugabane wa 2000 Rao Gardrom (agaciro kabo mu 2008 yari amafaranga agera kuri 700). Muri Gashyantare 1994, muri Gashyantare 1994, byakoreshejwe, byakoreshwaga ku gaciro miliyoni 92. Nk'uko amakuru abitangaza, imishinga ibihumbi 46.8. Mu 1991, umubare wabo wongerewe kugeza ku bihumbi 88.6, mu 1994 - kugeza ku bihumbi bigera ku 112.6. Muri bo, 92% by'inganda zidasanzwe Metallurgy bariteguye, 95% by'imiti na peteroli. Mu 1994, ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa byakorewe mu bigo byikorera ku giti cyabo bya Metallurgy. Mu 1996, byatangaje ku mugaragaro ku byerekeye kwerizwa ku giti cyabo cy'inganda z'umucyo, kandi mu 1997 kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo, ibigo bitunganya ibintu byangiza, harimo umusaruro w'ibinyobwa bisindisha n'ibicuruzwa by'itabi.
Kubura amafaranga yingengo yimari byahatira Guverinoma gufata byamunara w'inguzanyo. Inzego nini z'ubucuruzi zahawe kuguriza guverinoma ifite umutekano munini. Nk'uko ingingo z'amasezerano, niba Leta idashobora kwishyura inguzanyo yatanzwe, ibigo byabaye umutungo w'uwatanze inguzanyo. Rero, abategetsi bakoze imirimo nini yumutungo kumafaranga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, miliyari 1.1 z'amadolari, imiterere ikomeye y'imari yashyizeho igenzura, nyuma na Yukos, Norilsk Nickel, Sibneft hamwe nandi masosiyete akomeye. Inzego zizwi cyane za oligarchic of 90 zagaragaye, mubyukuri bari bafitiye Uburusiya. Isuzuma ryamateka ryibisubizo byibiherewe uburenganzira mu Burusiya biracyari imbere. Kandi tubaho. Inzira yo kwegurira abikorera ntarangira kandi ikomeza kuba muri iki gihe.
Noneho, ukurikije ibigereranyo bitandukanye, umugabane winzego za leta mubukungu bwikirusiya kuva kuri 50% kugeza kuri 70%. Abahanga mu bukungu benshi batekereza cyane kandi bagatsimbarara ku gutandukana gushya. Kubo, mu Burusiya igipimo cy'ibigo bigize leta bigomba kuba ahantu 15%.
Mu karere ka Nizhny Novnorod, uwahoze yinziriza isoko mu ntangiriro ya za 90, amazi yose kandi afite umusaruro muremure kandi ufite umusaruro muremure abikorera. Kugeza ubu, ahanini habaho kwegurira umutungo utimukanwa mu mutungo wa komini. Gahunda yateganijwe yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cye mu mutungo wa Leta ku ya 2021 na 2022, ihujwe na Komite y'Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Nizhny Novgorod akarere n'inganda, ikubiyemo ikintu gine (!) Gusa. Nk'uko byatangajwe n'umubano wungirije uturere n'umubano by'umutungo Andrei Schegrov, amafaranga yingengo y'imari yo mu karere agurishwa imitungo muri 2021 ateganijwe ku mafaranga miliyoni 6, muri 2022 - ku rwego rw'imibare 2. Ahari rero, kwitabwaho gukekwa byashushanyije ku cyifuzo cy'ubutegetsi bw'akarere, ku ruhande rumwe bwo kugura umugabane w'imigabane mu buyobozi bw'Umujyi wa Nizhny Novgorod, no kurundi ruhande, hanyuma bigurishwa 100% byimodoka yimodoka.
Imibare myiza mu myaka itanu ishize yo gushyira mu bikorwa imirimo y'ingengo y'imari yo kwishora mu misoro, Minisiteri y'umutungo n'ubusa itangwa mu 2019. Muri 2019, ingengo y'imari ya Novgorod yiyandikishije mu ngengo y'imari ya 931.5.
Hafi ibintu bimwe mubigo byakarere. Mu nama yo mu mujyi Duma, ku ya 17 Gashyantare, amakuru yatangaje ko gahunda y'imisoro yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cye muri 2020 yiciwe na 89%. Ibikoresho 69 bigurishwa byananiwe gushyira mubikorwa, kandi bashyizwe muri gahunda 2021-2022. By'umwihariko byagaragaye ko ari byo beatiwe ku giti cyabo bidakwiye gukorwa. Birakenewe gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo gushyira mubikorwa umutungo kugirango urekure ingengo yimari kubikenewe muri ibi bintu kurupapuro rwabo. Rero, ukurikije serivisi y'itangazamakuru ya Duma ya Nizhny Novgorod, mu rwego rwo kwegurira abikorera ku murwa mukuru wa JS "Socelenergo" izaba irimo ibintu 62 - inyubako 3 z'uburango. Ibi bizemerera "imbaraga z'ubushyuhe" gusana, kuzamura n'ibirimo by'imiyoboro y'ingirakamaro.
Kandi, abadepite ba Gordium bemeje icyifuzo cyo gutanga ibikoresho byo muri Begrequation ku nkombe y'ibumoso ya nkombe ya Oka ku mutungo wa Nizhny Novgorod.
Rero, mubijyanye no kwegurira abikorera akarere no hagati yakarere, ahanini ahanini hashobora kubaho ibikoresho bito, ibikubiye muri byo biremereye ingengo yimari. Tugomba noneho kwiga kugurisha buhoro kugirango biri, kuruhande rumwe, bivuze ko umushoramari wumushoramari, yiteguye, yiteguye, ateza imbere imishinga. Umujyi n'akarere biratera imbere. Ntabwo byanze bikunze bikurura abashoramari biteguye kwikorera umutungo w'akarere ndetse na komini. Ibintu byiza byo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo byashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango ukomeze isura yamateka yumujyi, ubwiza bwa mukerarugendo.