Njengoba kubikwa ngoMashi 16, kusho iPhini likaNgqongqoshe lokuqala lokutshala imali kanye nezohwebo lwangaphandle lweRiphabhulikhi Kudovov, iPhalamende lase-Uzbekistan, indawo yomgwaqo yokuthuthuka kokubambisana ne-Eaeu. Ngemuva kokuthola isimo ngoDisemba 2020, iRiphabhulikhi ihlela ukwenza izingqinamba zokuvumelanisa kwemithetho, kufaka phakathi imali ekhokhwayo yamanani kanye ne-non-tariff. Ekuqhubekeni kwamathemba okubambisana namazwe weNyunyana ahlose uprofesa wegatsha laseTashkent le-Russian Econom University University yaseRussia. G.V. I-Plekhanova Ravshan Nazarov yatshela "i-Eurasia.Expert" mayelana nenhloso yamasu abeka iTashkent phambi kwe-revprosseen ne-eaeu.
- Muva nje bekukhona umhlangano wenxusa lase-Uzbekistan eRussia Bowsirjon Asadov noSihlalo weBhodi ye-ECA Mikhail Myasnikovich, uNgqongqoshe Wezokuhlanganiswa kwe-ECE Sergey Glaryvev kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo u-Andrei Blicknev. Yiziphi izimboni lapho i-republic ibambisana khona no-Eaeu?
- Ngesikhathi somhlangano endlunkulu ye-ECE ngoFebhuwari 26, ummeleli we-Uzbekistotenties eKhomishini uShukururov wethule incwadi kaNdunankulu wase-Uzbekistan Abdullah Aripov mayelana nokuqokwa kwakhe. Le ncwadi yaphawulwa: "U-Uzbekistan unamathela ngokubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokubambisana okusondelene ne-multifaceted ne-Eurasi Economic Union. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi lokhu kuqokwa kuzosebenza njengokuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kweRiphabhulikhi yase-Uzbekistan, iKhomishini Yezomnotho YaseYurophu kanye nezizwe ezingamaLungu ze-Eurasia Union Union. " I-Shukurov izobhekana ngokuhlelekile ngokuxhumana neKhomishini.
Inxusa Uzbekistan eRussia Federation Bhothirjon Asadov: "Kunemicimbi eminingi ebalulekile e-Eaeu, kuzojabulisa kakhulu ukuzicwilisa emsebenzini wakho futhi uhlole imisebenzi ye-Union kusuka ngaphakathi." UShukurov ugcizelele ukuthi e-Uzbekistan, enesithakazelo esikhulu alandela izinqubo ezenzeka e-Eaeu: "UMongameli wethu ukhomba izinkomba eziphambili zokubambisana phakathi kwe-Uzbekistan ne-Eaeu. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko ukususwa okuhambisanayo kwemikhawulo, ukunwebeka izimakethe ezintsha, ukuhlanganiswa kwezithuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokuhamba ezijwayelekile futhi, izingqinamba ezihlobene nokuhamba kwezinsiza zabasebenzi. " Amaqembu axoxa ngezinkinga zokusebenzisana emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, ukubambisana kwamasiko, ukuhweba, ukubambisana kwezimboni, imakethe yezabasebenzi.
IKhomishini ibuye ibe nemihlangano eminingana ezindaweni ezithile zokubambisana no-Uzbekistan njengombukeli wombuso e-Eaeu. Emhlanganweni wabamele u-Uzbekistan noNgqongqoshe Wezokuhlanganiswa kanye NeMacroeconomics, i-ECE Sergey Glazov, ukulungiswa kwephrojekthi yeMemorandamu [ngokubambisana] kanye nohlelo lokuqalisa kwalo kwaxoxwa ngalo. Ungqongqoshe uphakamise ukuthi Uzbekistan ukuxhuma umsebenzi ukuqaliswa izinkomba amasu sokuthuthukiswa ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho Eurasia ukuba 2025 ngokukhethekile, sikhuluma ukuhlela amasu, amaphrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela utshalomali nezinhlelo kwemibuso.
Umhlangano ohlukile wenzeka noNgqongqoshe Wezohwebo of ECe Andrei Blightnev. Amaqembu axoxa ngokuthuthukiswa kokubambisana kwezohwebo nokwanda kokuvela. Njengezihloko ezihehayo, i-TSVEPNEV ikhomba izindaba ze-e-commerce, izimpahla ezimakayo, imigwaqo yezokuthutha yedijithali, ukuhamba kwamaphepha.
Uzbekistan unesifiso sokubambisana ne-Eaeu kuzo zonke izinkomba zokubambisana kwezohwebo kanye nezomnotho, ezepolitiki kanye nezomthetho. Njengomgomo wesikhathi eside wesikhathi eside, ngokuqinisekile ukungena okugcwele ku-Eaeu njengomuntu obambe iqhaza ophelele kuyabhekwa.
- UNdunankulu wase-Uzbekistan Abdullah Aripov emhlanganweni wama-Eurasian interglobemenmentmentment Center Amazwe Amazwe ukujoyina ukwakhiwa kweTransfgana Railway. Ngabe uhlola kanjani amathuba okusebenzisa le phrojekthi? Yimaphi amathuba azohlinzeka ngephrojekthi kumalungu enyunyana?
- Afghanistan kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili lalingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa zomhlaba ezazingenazo izintambo. Ngo-1982, kwakhiwa umugqa wokuqala (amakhilomitha angu-5.5 ukusuka eTurkmen edla e-Afghan thoragundi. Ngo-1985, kwakhiwa ibhuloho ngo-Amu Darya - "Bridge of Priand" (816 m) phakathi kwe-Uzbek Termez kanye ne-Afghan Highraton. Ngemuva kokunqotshwa kweTaliban ngo-2001, i-Iran yaqala ukwakhiwa (iqede ngo-2008) HAF (IRAN) - amagatsha e-herat (Afghanistan).
Ngo-2010, ukwakhiwa komugqa phakathi kwe-thermosis (Uzbekistan) noMazar-Charif (Afghanistan) kwaqala. Nikeza imali engu- $ 165 million adb. Ngokuphakanyiswa kukaMongameli we-ADB, i-Uzbekistan Temir Yollari ("Railways of Uzbekistan") Ngaphandle kwethenda ekhethwe usonkontileka jikelele, iBoshransloich ("GlavstransPokt") - I-General Plactor. Ubude besitimela "Haaton - Mazar-Sharif" - 75 km. Umugqa uhlome nge-alamu, ukuxhumana ngocingo kanye namadivayisi okunikeza amandla amaphrojekthi wezobuchwepheshe we-Uzbekistan. Le phrojekthi ihlinzeka ngokwakha iziteshi ezi-2 kanye nezixhumi ezi-2, iCocker Courtyard esiteshini saseMazar-Sharif, isimo sesiteshi saseHigreraton. Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo kwaqedwa ngoNovemba 2010, isitimela sokuqala sabanjwa ngoDisemba 21, 2011.
Ukwakhiwa kojantshi abasha enyakatho ye-Af Afghanistan kuzovula amathuba angeziwe okuqala kabusha e-Afghanistan yemigwaqo yezinhlelo ezintathu ze-rut: "Russian" kusuka e-Iran (1435 mm) kanye ne-Indo-Pakistan (1676 mm ).
NgoFebhuwari 2, 2021 eTashkent, kulandela imiphumela ye-TripTite (Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan), izingxoxo zamukelwa "kumephu yomgwaqo" ekwakhiweni kweMazari-Sharif - Kabul Railway (600 Km). Kungenzeka kube neminyaka emi-5 yokusebenzisa iphrojekthi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuhlelwe ukuheha ama- $ 4.8 billion.
Ukwakhiwa komugqa wamandla aphezulu we-surkhan - uSupi-Humry "kanye ne-Casa-1000 Energy Project, enikeza ukwakhiwa kwemibandela yokuhlinzekwa kwamandla we-hydroelectric ngokweqile kusuka kumazwe e-CA ukumboza isidingo esikhulayo sikagesi I-Afghanistan nePakistan, kuzonciphisa izindleko zokwakha amaqembu ahlanzekile. Ngokuzayo, amathemba okufakwa ngogesi awafakwanga, azokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwempahla.
Ngokusho kwemephu yomgwaqo, ngoMashi - Ephreli 2021, kuzohlelwa uhambo oluhlangene lwamazwe omhlaba ukuze kuhlolwe indlela yesitimela nokulungiselela izinto zokwakha. Ukuxoshwa kuzobamba inkemba ye-Geodesic, i-hydrogeological, izifundo ze-topographic e-Afghanistan. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqoqe futhi uhlaziye imininingwane mayelana nezifunda, kanye nakwimali enkulu yamaminerali e-Afghanistan, etholakala ebangeni lokuhamba ukusuka endleleni yesitimela.
Ngokuya ngezinto zokwakha zensimu, izindaba ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo olwenza kuzovunyelwana ngazo. Kuhlelwe futhi ukuhlola ithrafikhi yokuhamba kwezithungo zokungenisa impahla e-Accent Carge On The Route "South Asia - Afghanistan - Ephakathi e-Asia Eastern Europe". Isifundo sihlanganisa ukuhweba kwangaphandle kanye nokungena kwemithwalo kweCentral Asia kanye neSouth Caucasus namazwe aseNingizimu Asia. Amaphrojekthi amakhulu okutshala imali aqaliswa emazweni aseCentral Asia ngokubamba iqhaza kwePakistan naseNdiya kuzofundwa, kanye namazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ze-tripartite, abaholi bebhange lomhlaba, i-ADB, i-EBRD, i-European Investbank, iBhange Lezimali Lase-Asia, I-International Development Corporation inhlangano eqinisekiswe intshisekelo yokuqaliswa kwale phrojekthi. I-WB ngokubamba iqhaza kweminyango enentshisekelo neminyango ye-Afghanistan, iPakistan ne-Uzbekistan ehlongozwayo ukuthuthukisa imodeli yokuxhasa imali yokwakhiwa kwezitimela, ukukhomba izindlela zokuheha nokusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza zezezimali. Ababambiqhaza beForamu bavume ukunikezwa kweBhange Lomhlaba okufanele bathathe iqhaza lomxhumanisi ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi.
Imephu yomgwaqo ihlinzekela ukutadisha nezikhungo zezimali zomhlaba jikelele kanye nohulumeni wamazwe abanikeli bemodeli yokuphathwa kwesitimela, okubandakanya izingqinamba zobunikazi, okuqukethwe kanye nokugcinwa kwezindawo zokugibela, ukwakheka kwezinqubomgomo zentela, i indlela yokubuyiselwa kwemali.
Izifundazwe zaseCentral Asia ne-Afghanistan azinakho ukufinyelela kwamahhala kumachweba wasolwandle aphesheya. Ngenxa yalokhu, baphatha izindleko zokuhamba eziphakeme izikhathi ezi-2-3 eziphakeme kunezindleko ezifanayo zamazwe athola ukuxhumana kwasolwandle. Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, ukwakhiwa kwesitimela "Mazar-Sharif - Kabul - uPeshawar" kuzonciphisa imigomo kanye nezindleko zokuhambisa izimpahla phakathi kwamazwe aseNingizimu Asia naseYurophu ngokusebenzisa iCentral Asia naseYurophu ngokusebenzisa maphakathi ne-Asia.
Ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwezothutho nengqalasizinda ye-Afghanistan kuzonciphisa isikhathi sokuhamba kwezimpahla, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ku-Uzbekistan kuya ePakistan kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kwezingu-10 kuye kweziyi-10-16. Ukuhamba kwezimpahla kujantshi omusha kunganciphisa izindleko zokuhamba phakathi kweRussia nePakistan ngo-15-20%, naphakathi kwamazwe aseCentral Asia ngePakistan - ngo-30- 35%.
Ukukhula kokuhamba kwezimpahla phakathi kwamazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseMpumalanga Yurophu ngojantshi waseRussia, iKazakhstan kanye ne-Uzbekistan nayo ibikezelwa. Amanani okukhula kwaminyaka yonke wokuhamba kwezingcindezi komjaho wezimpahla zaseRussia Federation, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan kanye ne-Afghanistan eminyakeni yamuva nje kwabalelwa ku-25%. Ngo-2020, amathani ayizigidi ezi-4 ezithwala izimpahla athuthelwa kulo mgwaqo, okubonisa amandla aphezulu okuvuselelwa komnotho kwe-Afghanistan. Kakade eminyakeni yokuqala, kusukela ekuqaleni kokuxhashazwa kwesitimela "Mazar-Sharif - Kabul - uPeshawar", umthamo wokuhamba ezithwala izimpahla kule ndlela kungenzeka kube ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-10. Ngo-2025, umthamo wezohwebo eNdiya nasePakistan nge-Afghanistan futhi amazwe e-CIS angaba ngama- $ 20 billion kanye nama- $ 6 billion, ngokulandelana.
Manje izimpahla eziphakathi kwamazwe aseningizimu naseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye namazwe e-CIS athuthwa kakhulu olwandle. I-ADB, ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwamazwe omhlaba lweCentral Asia Regional Economic Cooperance (CarEC), kungasebenza njengoMxhumanisi Wokucwaninga Kwangaphambi Kwephrojekthi.
- NgoMashi 5, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle u-Uzbekistan Abdulazizz Kamilov kanye neNhloko yeHhovisi Elimele E-European Union ezweni uCharlotte Adrian baxoxa ngoMbuso kanye namathemba okubambisana kwezwe. Yini elindelwe uzbekistan kusuka e-EU?
- Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-2020, i-Uzbekistan kanye ne-EU kwaqinisa izingxoxo eziku-inthanethi kwisivumelwano esisha ekubambisaneni okubumbene nokubambisana (SRPs). Kufanele ifake esikhundleni sobambiswano kanye noCoperacy Comperity, obesebenza kusukela ngo-1999, izingxoxo zephrojekthi ye-SRP zenzeka ngaphakathi kohlaka lweqembu elisebenzayo kwinqubomgomo nokuphepha. Amaqembu amelwe yiPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle Wezangaphandle kwe-Uzbekistan Sherzod Asadov kanye nePhini elilawulayo Umqondisi wenkonzo yaseYurophu yesenzo sangaphandle eYurophu naseCaxier Luka Devin.
Umjikelezo wesikhombisa wezingxoxo wenzeka ngoFebhuwari 2021, kwathi ngoMashi 5, 2021, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle wase-Uzbekistan Abdulaziz Kamilov uthole inhloko eyanda kumiswa kwe-European Union, inxusa uCharlotte Adrian. Ngesikhathi sengxoxo, isimo kanye namathemba wokubambisana phakathi kwe-Uzbekistan kanye ne-EU emikhakheni yezepolitiki, yezohwebo kanye nezomnotho, yezezimali kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Amaqembu asazisa kahle inkambo yenqubo yokuxoxisana esivumelwaneni esalungiswa ngokubambisana nasekubambisaneni phakathi kwe-Uzbekistan ne-EU. Inzalo yamenyezelwa ekuvuseleleni ukubambisana ngokusondelene ne-European Union emkhakheni wezemfundo, ikakhulukazi ngohlelo lwe-Erasmus entsha. I-Leitmotif yomhlangano kwakuwukubonakaliswa kwenzalo ye-Uzbekistan ekunikezeni izintandokazi zentela ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-GSP + kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi 2021, okuzoba nomthelela ekwandeni kokuhweba nangokwezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe e-Uzbekistan nase-EU.