Iibhanki ezininzi kunye neenkampani ezincinci ze-microfinance zisoyika ukuba zibabolezezile ukuba azizukuhlawula, zinokubanjwa zithunyelwe kwiindawo ezingakude kangako. Ngaba kuyinyani ukuba ivalelwe ngokungafakwanga kwimali mboleko eRussia ngo-2021? Indlela yokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo ukuyiphepha isohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho? Ungaba njani ukuba awunanto yokuhlawula imali mboleko? Malunga noku le Bankros.ru uxelele i-DITGY Symiry Syloev.
Uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho lokungahlawulwa kwemali mboleko-Inqanaba elinjalo linokusetyenziswa ngokokunye kwala manqaku mabini eKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho yeRussian Federation. Kuyinyani, kubalulekile ukuba wenze ugcino lwenu ukuba nganye nganye ineempawu zayo kunye nokuziqhelanisa kusetyenziswa ngokungaqhelekanga. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umntu akazange azisukele iinjongo ezingekho mthethweni, kwaye akanayo inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo yokufezekisa iimbophelelo zakhe zamatyala, intolongo ayimsongela.
Iibhanki kunye neMfis zisongela intolongo-Yinto leyo ayikho enye into engaphezulu kwesinye soxinzelelo lwengqondo. Kwakufanele ukuba ifanekiswe kangangokuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili kumanqaku amabini, iphinda iphinde ithumele iingxelo emapoliseni ukuba le yokugqibela kufuneka yamkele kwaye iqhubekiswe. Oku akuyomfuneko ukuba woyike, kuba inyathelo elinje lenye yeendlela zoxinzelelo.
Ngokwemvelo, obizwa ngokuba ngubani onetyala. Kwanele ukuza kumqeshwa weearhente zokunyanzelwa komthetho, obangele ukuba umntu onetyala, aze anike iinkcazo zokuba unemeko enzima yezemali, kwaye akayikhathazi ekuhlawuleni ityala. Ukuqaliswa kwetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho kuya kuvunyelwa ngenxa yokungabikho kolwaphulo-mthetho.
Kuziphi iimeko ezinokuthi zithintelwe ngenxa yemali mboleko yemali mboleko-Ukuba uthetha ngokuthe ngqo malunga namanqaku apho kunokwenzeka ukuba uze noxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho, nantsi iindlela ezimbini. Eyokuqala iyinto engalunganga yemali mboleko. Kungaphantsi kwenkqubo yokunxibelelana nombolekisi kunye nomtyali. Isizathu sesona sixa semali mboleko sisezantsi sinokusetyenziswa. Zi-2 izigidi ezingamawaka ama-ruble. Oko kukuthi, igubungela isangqa esincinci sababolekisi.
Kwaye i-Bhanki iya kufuneka iqonde inyani yokudala kakubi. Umzekelo, banike ubungqina bokuba umntu unemali, kodwa akazange akhathazeke nenxalenye yokuthumela ukuze azalisekise iimbophelelo zayo. Njengomzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba sizise imeko xa ubolekayo wathengisa ipropathi yalo yokwenyani, emva koko wathenga indawo yokuhlala etyhefu, ngaphandle kokuhamba ngemali kwimali mboleko kumaxabiso ezinto.
Inketho yesibini kukuqhekeka kwintsimi yokuboleka. Sithetha ngeNqaku le-159.1 leKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho. Ukufaka isicelo selo nqanaba, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olungenakuthembeka olunikezwe nguMbolekisi kwinkqubo yobhaliso lweembophelelo zamatyala. Kunye neenjongo zokuzonwabisa. Ngokuhambelana, kukho imixholo emibini.
Okokuqala, umntu wayefanele ukukhohlisa i-ofisi. Umzekelo, sikhomba kumqeshi ongazange asebenze. Esi sinalo sinqabile, kangangokuba inkoliso enjalo kwiimeko ezininzi ifunyenwe ngexesha lokutshekisha isicelo. Emva koko, ibhanki okanye i-MFO inika isigqibo esingalunganga.
Okwesibini, lubusela obufanelekileyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba umntu onetyala okungenani ixesha elithile emva kokubhaliswa kwemvumelwano ihlawule imali mboleko, emva koko ukusebenzisa le nto kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Kungaqatshelwa ukuba kuwo omabini amanqaku oqhelisela unomdla kuxanduva lobuso obunye. Kwaye ngokwenene kukho iliso eliphakamileyo, inyani yobuqhophololo yayibonakala. Ke ngoko, ayikufanelekeli uloyiko kubemi ngendlela enzima yezinto ezinzima kwimeko enzima.
Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuba akukho mali kwityala-Kufanelekile ukubambelela kwimithetho emithathu esisiseko. Eyokuqala kukuzifihla kwimboleko Ikhulisa isikhundla kuphela. Rhoqo iibhanki ezifanayo okanye i-MFIS kwinkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo zinokubonelela ngendlela yokuphuma kule meko. Umzekelo, ngoncedo lokuhlengahlengiswa kwamatyala ngendlela yotshintsho kwishedyuli yeentlawulo okanye iiholide zetyala.
Okwesibini - kufuneka uzimele uthathe amanyathelo okusombulula ingxaki. Oko kukuthi, ukunxibelelana nombutho wamatyala okanye umbutho omhlophe kwimbambano ngokutsha kwamatyala. Isinyanzeliso ngokubhala ngokulungisa. Ngokukodwa, uphawu lweManyano kwikopi yesicelo sokufumana isahlulo okanye indlela yesicelo kwileta exabisekileyo yenkcazo yenkcazo kunye nesaziso. Oku, ngandleleni, iya kubakhupha ngokupheleleyo ukubakho kokusebenzisa elinye lamanqaku amabini eKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho ye-Russian Federation, njengoko ingekhe ikwazi ukungqinisisa ukuhlawula kunye nobuqhetseba. Ngapha koko, obolekayo wenza imizamo yokutshintsha imeko.
Okwesithathu - awunakuba nokungxama ngokugqithileyo. Umzekelo, yenza amatyala amatsha ukubuyisela ixesha elidlulileyo. Oku kuyakukhuthaza kuphela ukwanda kwamatyala. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo kukhokelela kwityala, apho unokufumana khona kuphela ngokubhengeza. Kungcono ukuba ngokuthe ngcembe usombulule iingxaki, ajike amaxesha ngamaxesha kulwakhiwo ngokutsha, ukutyelela iiseshoni zenkundla, apho kukho isivumelwano seNkulumbuso, ukuba kukho isigqibo senkundla ekuvuseleleni yokulibaziseka kunye nokuhlawulwa kwetyala.
Ibaluleke ngokwahlukeneyo ukwandisa ulwazi lwalo lwabathengi beenkonzo zezezimali. Zonke iimbore kufuneka ziphonononge umthetho womdibaniso No. 230-FZ. Icacisa ngokucacileyo imvume evumelekileyo kwinkqubo yetyala laphambi kwetyala. Kukwakukuqhekezelwe ngama-353-FZ. Ilawula ukubolekwa kwabathengi kunye nemali mboleko. Umzekelo, iseka imida ecacileyo yesona siphezulu kwi-MFIS, izohlwayo kunye nezohlwayo kwiibhanki, njl njl. Oko kukuthi, ukukhusela iimfuno zabo kunye nokuvavanywa kwenjongo yemeko ekufanele ukuba bekwazi amalungelo abo.