Amabhange amaningi nezinkampani ze-microfinance okwethusa ababolekisi ngeqiniso lokuthi uma bengakhokhi, bangaboshwa bathunyelwa ezindaweni ezingakude kangako. Ingabe iqiniso ukuthi liboshwe ngokungakhokhwa kwemali mboleko eRussia ngo-2021? Ungaziphatha kanjani kahle ukugwema isijeziso sobugebengu? Ungaba kanjani uma ungenakho ukukhokha imalimboleko? Mayelana naleli bankiros.ru utshele umhlaziyi wezezimali uDmitry Sysoev.
Isikweletu sobugebengu sokungakhokhwa kwemali mboleko- Isilinganiso esinjalo singasetshenziswa ngokuya ngenye yezihloko ezimbili zeKhodi Yezobugebengu yeRussia Federation. Kuliqiniso, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukubhuka ngokushesha ukuthi ngamunye wabo unawo ama-nuances awo futhi ekusebenzeni asetshenziswa akuvamile. Okusho ukuthi, uma umuntu engazange alandele izinhloso ezingekho emthethweni, futhi futhi akanazo izimali ezanele zokufeza izibopho zakhe zesikweletu, ijele alimsongeli.
Amabhange kanye nama-MFIs asongela ejele- Lokhu akulutho ngaphezu kwesinye sezinketho zokucindezela kwengqondo. Ngokushesha kufanelekile ukuthi kuqaphele ukuthi kaningi kwenye yezindatshana ezimbili, okululama kuthumela izitatimende emaphoyiseni ukuthi owokugcina kufanele amukele futhi asebenze. Lokhu akudingekile ukwesaba, ngoba isinyathelo esinjalo kungenye yezinketho zokucindezela.
Ngokwemvelo, okweletayo ubizwa ngokuthi ungufakazi. Kwanele ukuza esisebenzini abenzelwa uMthetho, okwabangela okweletayo, futhi banikeze izincazelo anesimo esinzima sezimali, futhi akakuhloniphi ekubuyiselweni kwezikweletu. Ekuqalisweni kwecala lobugebengu kuzonqatshelwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwecala.
Kukuziphi izimo ezingaboshwa ngokungakhokhwa kwemali mboleko- Uma ukhuluma ngqo ngezindatshana ezingenzeka ngazo ukuletha esikweletini sobugebengu, nazi izinketho ezimbili. Owokuqala ukugwema imalimboleko. Kungenzeka ukuthi inqubo yokuxhumana obolekisi nalowo okweletayo. Isizathu yinani elincane lemali mboleko engasetshenziswa kulo. Kungama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-2 eziyizigidi ezingama-2. Okungukuthi, kumboza umbuthano omncane wababolekisi.
Futhi, ibhange kuzodingeka lifakazele iqiniso lokungabi nabi. Isibonelo, nikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi umuntu wayenemali, kepha akazange ahluphe nengxenye okufanele ayithumele ukuze afeze izibopho zawo. Njengesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuletha lesi simo lapho obolekayo ethengisa khona indawo yawo ethengiswayo, ngemuva kwalokho wathenga indlu eshibhile, ngaphandle kokuhamba ngemali eshibhile ngokukhokha imali mboleko yalezi zinto.
Inketho yesibili ukukhwabanisa emkhakheni wokuboleka. Sikhuluma nge-Article 159.1 yeKhodi Yezobugebengu. Ukuze usebenzise leli zinga, kubalulekile ukuba nemininingwane engathembekile enikezwe ngumbolekisi enqubweni yokubhaliswa kwezibopho zesikweletu. Nangenhloso yokuthambekela. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kunama-nuances amabili.
Okokuqala, umuntu ekuqaleni wayezomkhohlisa obolekisi. Isibonelo, ekhomba umqashi ongakaze asebenze. Le nuance ayivamile, njengoba imikhonto enjalo ezimweni eziningi iyatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlola uhlelo. Emva kwalokho, ibhange noma ama-MFO enza isinqumo esingesihle.
Okwesibili, yikho okwenziwa ngemali. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, uma okweletayo okungenani isikhashana ngemuva kokubhaliswa kwenkontileka ekhokhelwe imali mboleko, khona-ke ukuze asebenzise lo mqondo uzoba nzima kakhulu. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi kuzo zombili izindatshana ezenziwayo zakhangwa umthwalo wemfanelo wobuso obungashadile. Futhi lapho, ngisho nangeso elinqunu, iqiniso lenkohliso lalibonakala. Ngakho-ke, akukufanele ukwesaba izakhamizi esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinto ezibonakalayo esimweni esiyindida esibonakalayo.
Okufanele ukwenze uma kungekho mali ngesikweletu- Kufanelekile ukunamathela emithethweni emithathu eyisisekelo. Owokuqala ukufihla kulabo obolekayo abangenanjongo. Kukhulisa kuphela isikhundla. Imvamisa amabhange noma ama-MFI afanayo enqubweni yokutakula anganikela ngalesi simo. Isibonelo, ngosizo lokuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu ngesimo soshintsho ohlelweni lokukhokha noma amaholide esikweletu.
Okwesibili - udinga ngokuzimela uthathe izinyathelo zokuxazulula inkinga. Okungukuthi, ukuxhumana nenhlangano yesikweletu noma ye-microfinance ngodaba lokuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu. Okuphoqelekile ngokubhala ngokulungiswa. Ikakhulu, uphawu lwekhomba kwikhophi yesicelo sokuthola okwangempela noma ukuqondisa kwesicelo sencwadi ebalulekile ngencazelo yokuqukethwe nesaziso. Lokhu, ngendlela, kungafaki ngokuphelele amathuba okusebenzisa enye yezihloko ezimbili zeKhodi Yobugebengu yeRussia Federation, ngoba ngeke kwenzeke ukufakazela ukuvezwa kokukhokha nokukhwabanisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, obolekayo wenza imizamo yokushintsha isimo.
Okwesithathu - Awukwazi ukushesha ngokweqile. Isibonelo, yenza isikweletu esisha sokukhokha okwedlule. Lokhu kuzovusa ukwanda kwezikweletu. Ngokuya kuholela esikweletini, lapho ungangena khona ngokuqothuka. Kungcono ukuxazulula izinkinga kancane kancane, uguquke ngezikhathi ezithile embolekweni wokwakha kabusha, ukuhambela izinkantolo, lapho kungatholwa isiphetho sesivumelwano sokuxazululwa, uma kukhona isinqumo senkantolo ekululameni ngokubambezeleka kanye nezinqubo ezikhulu.
Kubaluleke ngokwehlukile ukukhulisa ukubhala kwayo komthengi wezinsizakalo zezezimali. Bonke ababolekisi badinga ukuhlola i-Federal Law No. 230-Fz. Ibonisa kahle uhlaka oluvumelekile enqubweni yesikweletu sangaphambi kwecala. Kufanele futhi ukujwayela i-353-Fz. Ilawula ukubolekwa kwabathengi nemalimboleko. Isibonelo, isungula ukulinganiselwa okucacile ekukhokheni ngokweqile kwama-MFIS, inhlawulo kanye nezinhlawulo ezisemabhange, njll. Lokho wukuthi, ukuvikela izintshisekelo zabo kanye nokuhlolwa kwenhloso yesimo okufanele sazi amalungelo abo.