Kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, uVladimir uPin wasayina ummiselo kwiSicwangciso seSizwe sokuphuhliswa kokhuphiswano. Imeko ekhuselekileyo kuqoqosho ijongeka. Ngo-2015, kwavela ukuba iRussia yabuya ngokukhawuleza kwiSoviet Union ngokwepropathi. Ukuba ngo-2005 amashishini aseburhulumente aya kubalwa i-35% ye-GDP, emva koko ngo-2015 - sele i-70%. Ukusuka kumahlakani ashiyekileyo, ama-30% anokufikelelwa kwiibakaki zekomkhulu langaphandle, ekhawulezayo kweli lizwe emva koCerisa, kunye nonke omelezwe ngurhulumente kwaye abantu bokuqala. Kwaye uthathele ingqalelo uqoqosho lwethunzi elifikelela kwi-20-25% ye-GDP. Kwaye ke kuya kuvuma ukuba kwi-equation kuya kubakho into efana neHunury yase-Iparadeni okanye iYugoslavia, apho abantu abalula bavunyelwa ukuba babe ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi, awo nalo naliphi na ixesha anokuthatha.
U-Oligarst Rockefeler
Amazwe aphuhlileyo akazange alibale into abanyanzelekileyo kukhuphiswano. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XV, iYurophu yajonga ngaphandle kwempuma. I-700 amawaka abahlali bahlala eBeijing, kwaye phakathi kwezixeko ezili-10 ezinkulu emhlabeni, bekukho i-200 kuphela iParis. Njengoko umbhali-mbali uNial Ferguson ubhala, kwiminyaka engama-600 eyadlulayo kuMlambo iYangtTze edlulile ukuya kwi-12 lamawaka erayisi, kunye ne-compeium yesayensi ye-Chinesed inamanani ali-11. EChina, badala imbewu iminyaka engamawaka amabini phambi kweJetrolin, kunye nendawo yokuqala yendawo yokunyibilika kwentsimbi yentsimbi-malunga ne-200 BC. e. I-Bhritash ngo-1788 yavalwa ngokuveliswa kweempawu zentsimbi zolwando lwamatshini oneminyaka engama-700 ubudala. Iinqanawa ze-sucmating submiral ye-Sheminel Sheng yena ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XV yathabatha ibhodi 28 yamawaka abantu kwaye yayinkulu kunemfazwe yehlabathi. Kodwa nge-1500, amaTshayina, abonwa ekwakhiweni kwesitya esingaphezu kwezibini master, agwetyelwe ukufa. Iilali ezinxweme nezixeko ziqhubele i-15 km ukusuka elwandle. Abalawuli baseTshayina bafana noKumkani uNicholas wethu i, abangavumiyo ukwakha oololiwe, kuba inguquko ingeza kweli lizwe.
Kwangelo xesha, ubutyebi bamagama asentshona bakhula ngenxa yokhuphiswano. EYurophu, i-XVI yenkulungwane yayingama-500 amazwe. Ngo-1500-1800 I-Spain yalwa i-81% yexesha, eNgilani - i-53%, iFrance i-52%. Kubonakala ngathi le ayisiyomvelaphi efanelekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Kodwa itekhnoloji yezixhobo ephuhlisiweyo, isicwangciso semfazwe, esidlale indima enokwenzela i-colonies elula yeekoloni. Iimfazwe ziyafuneka ukuhlawula-iimarike zaphuhliswa, iinkampani ezidibeneyo, iibhondi, ubulumko bebhanki baqaliswa. I-Tortugal encinci kunye neHolland zisebenza ngakumbi kwinkqubo-incinci ihlala inzima kwaye ayibalwanga nabani na.
Naxa ubungxowa-mali buphuhliswa kwaye busoyikisa ngokutshintsha oorhulumente nakwiipalamente, eNtshona khange alilibale ukuba kukhuphiswano lulonke. UJohn Rockefeler waba yibhiliyoni yokuqala yedola ekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kodwa inkampani yakhe yeoli yeoli leyo ephathelweyo ye-1911 yahlulwa yaza yahlulahlulwa ibe ngumthetho ka-Anti Ukusuka kwindawo yentengiso, le ndoda ingekho phantsi inqabile ukuba yeyona iphumelele iMelika. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, akukho mntu wakhethayo ii-asethi, akazange ammenzele intolongo, indlu emhlophe ayicwangcisi kwiWall Street ". "Uxinzelelo olukhulu" lweminyaka yoo-1940-1970s zaba yi-United States ngexesha lovavanyo lwentlalo, oluvunyelwe nguRonach waseRonald Reagan, xa imingxunya yolawulo lukarhulumente yaqeshwa kwishishini. Kwaye nangona i-Union yoluntu kunye nokusasazwa kwakhona kwifashoni, imaski ye-Ilon ngonyaka ka-2021 yaba yeyona nto intle yaseMelika kunye ne-200 yeedola ezingama-200 eedola. Kwangelo xesha, ukude kwezopolitiko nakurhulumente. Ke, ukhuphiswano eMelika alubi lubi.
I-Omuta cwaka
Ngokwalo mfanekiso, ukuphuculwa kokhuphiswano eRussia kuyaphikisana nazo zonke izinto ezinqabileyo zobungxowankulu. Kucacile ukuba ngaphandle komnini wabucala akukho ntengiso yokwenyani, kwaye ngaphandle kokhuphiswano-ukuvelisa impumelelo ephawulwe ziimpahla ezisemgangathweni kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inani likarhulumente kunye namashishini omasipala akwiminyaka emithathu kuphela. Ngapha koko, ijezi eqaqambileyo yenzekanga kakhulu ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2014, xa inani lee-Gups linyuke ukusuka nge-11, 2 ukuya kwi-25, iwaka lamawaka. Ngokwesiqhelo abasemagunyeni kule ngxaki, ngokuchaseneyo, bathengisa ii-asethi zokufudumeza intengiso kwaye ufumane imali kwimingxunya yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali. Kwaye ngo-2012, uluhlu lweenkampani ezinkulu ukuba zabucala zandiswa, kodwa ke, ngokwe-FAS, " Nangona impumelelo iphumelele, kwaye i-West Instaltor enobuhlobo kumva weOlimpiki kwiSochi.
Kule ndawo, ubuchopho bomfundi bunokuma ekugqibeleni: Wafundiswa bonke ubomi bakhe xa i-State ithatha into ekufumaneni i-bourgeois - ilungile. "OoKumkani" oLungileyo olungileyo "uPeter Uxelwe kuqala kubo - amagunya ahlanganisana kuwo, onke amagunya enza, ubuncwane - kwidini lemali. Ngo-1990s, abantu abanomsindo kaRoptial, ukuba ezona zityalo zikhulu zihamba ngokutya okunamakhonkco athile ezibizwa ngokuba ngu-Oligris. Kwaye kwi-2000s, incopho ye-Spin ethandwayo yayithandwa, apho inkqubo yokubuya yaqwalaselwa - i-Oligarchs yayicinezelwe, i-YOSS yenziwa, inani lezixhobo zobuchule zabuyiselwa kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo.
Kutheni ngequbuliso intloko ye-BAS ARTEEXEEV ArTemed Artimed Artime ukuba "inqanaba likarhulumente kuqoqosho lifikelele kwi" inqaku elibomvu "? Ewe, ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho lwethu aluzange lukhule ngokwenene kubo bonke ngo-2010, lwalugculela zonke izinto ezinokuphuhliswa ngempumelelo ngexesha elinqabileyo ngexesha leoyile ebiza kakhulu ngexesha leoyile ebiza kakhulu ngexesha leoyile ebiza kakhulu ngexesha le-oyile ebizayo. Kwaye ukubonakaliswa kweArtemieva kwakungeyiyo yonke i-dearche. Ngokuchasene noko, uMongameli Vladimir Spin wathunyelwa-ukwenza isicwangciso-qhinga sophuhliso lukazwelonke.
Ingcinga esemthethweni ayisebenzi apha. Kwelinye icala, ulwandiso lwepropathi karhulumente lunxibelelene kakhulu nomnqweno wokwandisa ukuhlala kwi-Helm: Lawula ii-asethi, ungavumeli ukubonakala kwe-bourgeoisie ezimeleyo kunye nenqanaba eliphakathi. Kwelinye icala, ukungabikho kokukhula kunye nokuhlwempuzeka kwabantu abenzi bunetyhefu nakweyiphi na indawo ekungekho jacks iya kunceda ngeempungutye ezingenanto. Ishishini kufuneka likhule kuphela kwiingxelo zeRosstat kuphela. Kwaye i-kremlin yagqiba kwelokuba ibone ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uyekile ukuba uyeke i-hedgehog kunye ne-horny kwibhanki enye: ukudala ukhuphiswano lweenkampani zikarhulumente, ukungabikho kwazo ukungabikho kolu khuphiswano.
Kwisicwangciso sikazwelonke esicetywayo ngu-Armemyevsky, "isicwangciso selizwe" sasiyindawo enzima: ubukho ngaye naliphi na imakethi yokhuphiswano malunga neenkampani ezintathu ubuncinci, enye yazo ifikile. Imigaqo esisiseko yoRhulumente we-proconstiction - ukunciphisa isabelo seenkampani zikarhulumente kuqoqosho, qinisekisa ukuba amashishini amancinci oqoqosho, inkxaso yophuhliso lwamashishini amancinci naphakathi, akhuthazwayo kuphuhliso lotyalo-mali. Ngo-2019, umthetho watyikitywa kwisithintelo ekudalweni kwee-Gups ezintsha kude kube ngu-2025. Ngokungqinelana namakhadi endlela zikarhulumente, isabelo se-GUS kunye nee-MUS kwiZindlu kunye neMisebenzi yoLuntu sele sele iqalile kwaye inyukele kwisabelo seenkampani zabucala kwi-OMS kukhathalelo lwe-OMS.
Kuyinyani, amanqaku abalulekileyo aphumile kwisicwangciso: I-temopoists ayimfuneko ekulungelelanise iinkqubo zotyalo-mali kwi-FAS, umsebenzi we-antimononolly awuyi kuba sisitshixo emsebenzini we-ofisi ye-ofisi kaMtsi. Abatshutshisi banyamalale kwaphela ukusuka kwisicwangciso sikazwelonke, nangona kubahleli baphambi kwexesha bawabelela indima "yomnxibelelanisi we-anti-bill". Kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu: Azange kwenzeke kwiPhulo leSizwe lokhuphiswano, isindululo yayingakwazi ukugubungela umzabalazo nge-moropolists kwi-mordelnels ye-federal. Ngokwemvelo, usomashishini akazange abe yityuwa yomhlaba, ehlawula irhafu kunye nemivuzo, i-crept yokukhuseleka kwaye inamagosa. Uqhubeka ehlala edlula ngokungathembekanga, ephantsi kwe-NINTE ye-GOTO YEMALI AMABANDLA. Kwaye yintoni enokuphuhliswa kukhuphiswano '?
Ngapha koko, bekunokwenzeka okanye akunjalo, kuya kufuneka ugwebe amandla otyalo-mali ngqo kuqoqosho lwaseRussia. Ukuba umnini wabucala, njengokudaya, ukugxotha imali evela kwilizwe, kuthetha ukuba akukho kukhuphiswano kakhulu kuwo. Ukuba kwi-TV sihlala sihlala sinemikhosi ekhethekileyo kwii-ofisi zoosomashishini abangazi nto kwezopolitiko luphawu olubi. Kwaye nokuba ufuna i-spin, ungazibeli ishishini kwiindawo zokuvalelwa, ubuncinci awudingi-yonke into isekhona. Yizani kuye ekuseni, njengaphantsi kweStalin, xa wonke umntu ulele, bakhangela indawo yokuhlala phambi kwabantwana bobuqhophololo, bathabathe kwikomiti yophando. Emini, batshutshiswa, isigwebo sejaji sifunyenwe njengamachaphaza amanye amanzi afana nesityholo somphandi, kwaye sithabathela kwindawo yokugcina izinto, apho umntu oqhelekileyo uhlala kude nosapho kunye nabantwana. Kwaye ityhuwe ivume nokuba nantoni na! Kungenjalo andizukukhulula! Kutheni le nto abaphangi kunye nabagwebi bengamplaphuli uMongameli? Kutheni le nto abatshutshisi bengabuqhanqahlule izenzo zabaphandi? Okanye koku kwaye uqulathe ukhuphiswano-lokutyala umntu odinga iimfuno kwaye kufuneka ingakanani?
Inqanaba eliphakathi lesabelo secandelo likarhulumente kuqikelelwa malunga ne-30% ye-GDP, naseRussia iphantse ibe ziikota ezintathu zeZiko "lesikolo esiPhezulu se I-Economics ye-Valery Mironov. - Ngaphezu koko, "Imfihlelo" Inxalenye yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwaseRussia ngo-2014 yayiyi-14%, ngoku inkulu kakhulu. Enkundleni kukho "iintlobo" ze-hybrid "zongxowankulu bombuso, apho urhulumente unefuthe kwiZisombululo zoTyalo-mali lweeNkampani zaBucala, eza kubambalwa kuphela.
Kwakufutshane nje ngaphambi kokugxothwa kwakhe ngoNovemba 2020, intloko ye-Arti I-ArTemyev iqinisekisiwe ukuba "Iimephu zendlela" kwisicwangciso sikazwelonke zazalisekiswa ngaphezulu kwe-60%. Umzekelo, kumzi-mveliso wenkunkuma nge-85% yokhuphiswano lwengingqi ngokukhetha umsebenzisi, kwakungekho kukhuphiswano-kwabelwa ibango elinye.
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuphiswano, urhulumente akalwenzi buthathaka kulawulo lweshishini, kodwa uyandisa - yimowudi yaseRussia. Umtshutshisi jikelele waseRussia Igor Krasnov watsho ukuba wayenenjongo yokuqinisa ulawulo malunga nokuthengwa kwempahla kurhulumente kuphicotho-zincwadi. Kwavela ukuba kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, inqaku lokufumana ukuthengwa komhlaba likhule kuphela kwaye lifikelele kwi-31% ye-GDP. Oko kukuthi, malunga nesinye kwisithathu semali yelizwe ijikeleza kwinkqubo, kude nemigaqo yayo evela kwimbono ye "ntengiso". Phambi konyaka omtsha, i-kremlin igalelwe ioyile emlilweni, ivakalisa umnqweno wokulawula amaxabiso entengiso ukuze afumane ukutya okusisiseko.
Kwaye ngelixa isicwangciso esitsha sokuphuhliswa kokhuphiswano se-2021-2026 sinikezelwe, ingxoxo malunga nokuvunyelwa kweYunivesithi yaseburhulumenteni kuya kuvakala. Kuyenzeka ukuba uza kuba noxanduva kukhuphiswano elizweni naye.
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