Shekaru uku da suka gabata, Vladimir Putin sun sanya hannu kan iyaka ne a kan shirin ci gaban gasar. Halin da ake ciki a cikin tattalin arziƙi ya kware. A cikin 2015, ya juya cewa an dawo da shi cikin sauri ga Tarayyar Soviet dangane da dukiya. Idan a shekarar 2005 aka lissafta masana'antar jihar ta 35% na GDP, sannan a cikin 2015 - Tuni 70%. Daga sauran abokan, 30% za a iya isa ga bronket na babban birnin waje, wanda da sauri ya kula da "sarakunan jihar", wanda, a matsayin ɗaya, suna da alaƙa da jihar kuma Mutanen farko. Kuma la'akari da tattalin arzikin inuwa wanda ya kai 20-25% na GDP. Kuma a sa'an nan ya juya cewa a cikin lissafin za a sami wani abu kamar Hungary kamar na gurguzu ko yugoslavia, wanda ya rage, a kowane lokaci zai iya kwashe.
Yartararraci
Kasashe masu tasowa ba su manta da abin da aka wajabta su ba. A farkon karni na XV, Turai ta duba daga gabas. Mazajefan mazauna 700,000 suka zauna a nan Beijing, kuma a cikin biranen 10 mafi girma a duniya, Paris 200 ne kawai. Kamar yadda marubucin tarihi NiY Ferguson ya rubuta, shekaru 600 da suka gabata kan Kogin Kogin Yangtze da shinkafa, da kuma compendium na lambar kimiyyar Singy 11,000 da suka kunshe da lambar kimiyyar Singes dubu 11. A china, sun kirkiro da zuriya na tsawon shekaru 2 kafin Jetro Talla, da kuma Jernace na farko don smenan ƙarfe na ƙarfe - kimanin 200 BC. e. Ingila ne kawai a cikin 1788 da samar da alamun baƙin ƙarfe na karuwar wurare 700 da haihuwa. Garin na Sinanci Zheng shi a farkon karni na XV ya dauki nauyin jirgin 28 dubu ya fi Yammacin Yamma. Amma tare da 1500, Sinanci, gani a cikin ginin jirgin sama da magabtarwa biyu, yanke masa hukunci. Kurkirai na gabarai da biranen sun motsa aƙalla kilo 15 daga teku. Majalisar China sun yi kama da sarkin Nicholas I, wanda ya ƙi gina hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, saboda juyin juya halin na iya zuwa kasar.
A lokaci guda, dukiyar yammacin jihohi ta girma saboda gasa. A Turai, karni na XVI Akwai kusan jihohi 500. A cikin 1500-1800 Spain ya yi yaki 81% na lokaci, Ingila - 53%, Faransa 52%. Da alama wannan ba shine mafi kyawun asalin don ci gaban tattalin arziki ba. Amma manyan fasahar makami ta ci gaba, dabarun yaƙi, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin mafi sauƙin shiga cikin mazauna. Yaƙe-yaƙe da ake buƙatar biya - kasuwanni ta bunkasa, kamfanonin haɗin haɗin gwiwa, an ƙirƙiri hikimar banki. Tiny Portugal da Holland sun fi aiki a cikin tsari - kadan koyaushe yana da wahala kuma ya ƙi don kowa.
Ko da kuma lokacin da aka kirkiri tsarin jari hujja kuma ya musanya gwamnatocin da majalisa, kasashen yamma bai manta da wannan gasa ba. John Rogukefeller ya zama biliyan farko na dala biliyan a farkon karni na 20, amma an soke matsayin mai ba da izini a 1911 saboda dokar hana daukar ciki. Daga yanayin yanayin kasuwa, wannan mutumin da aka yiwa ya ƙi ya zama mafi yawan jama'ar Amurka mai nasara. Amma a lokaci guda, Rockefeller Babu wanda ya zabi kadarorin, bai sanya shi a kurkuku ba, Fadar White House bai shirya a kan Wall Street Wall Street ". "Babban matsawa" na 1940-1970s ya zama a Amurka ta hanyar lokacin gwaje-gwajen gurguzu, lokacin da aka ba da izinin sarrafawa daga kasuwancin. Kuma kodayake a yau na gurguzu da rarrabawa sake a cikin salon, Ilon Mask ya wuce 2021 ya zama mafi arziki na Amurka tare da dala biliyan 200. A lokaci guda, ya yi nisa da siyasa da oda na jihohi. Don haka, tare da gasa a Amurka ba dadi ba.
Shuru omuta
Dangane da wannan dabaru, ci gaban gasa a Rasha a musanta duk peculiaritian na tsarinmu tsarinmu. A bayyane yake cewa ba tare da mai shi ba babu kasuwa na ainihi, kuma ba tare da gasa ba - ingantaccen samar da kayan aiki da farashi mai ma'ana. Koyaya, yawan kamfanoni da kamfanonin yanki na birni a cikin shekaru uku kawai suka yi tsalle-tsalle. Haka kuma, mafi kyawun Jerk ya faru ne a cikin ba a wadata 2013-2014, lokacin da adadin guzar gups ya karu daga 11, 2 zuwa 25 dubu. Yawancin lokaci hukumomi a cikin rikicin, akasin haka, sayar da kadarorin don dumama kasuwa kuma samun kuɗi zuwa ramukan kasafin kuɗi. Kuma a cikin 2012, jerin manyan kamfanoni da aka sāka wa aka fadada aka fadada shi, amma a cewar 'da sauri, "sun canza shirin." Kodayake yarjejeniya ta yi nasara, da kuma kasashen yamma mai saka jari ta kasashen yamma a ranar Hauwa'un a Sochi.
A wannan wuri, kwakwalwar mai karatu zai iya tsayawa a karshen: yana koyar da shi duk tsawon rayuwarsa wanda a lokacin da jihar ta dauki wani abu daga farko - yana da kyau. Sarakuna "na dama" Sarakuna da farko da Ivan da mummunan tsoro sun yi niyyar su - filayen sun haɗu, dukkan iko - a kan taske - a kan baitulmalin. A shekarun 1990s, mutane da ke da fushin roftal, cewa mafi yawan tsire-tsire suna tafiya don ciye-ciye da wasu zobba da daga baya aka kira Oliाchsus. Kuma a cikin 2000s, ganiya na shahararren Putin ya fi son, wanda aka dakatar da tsarin dawowar - masana'antu da yawa, an mayar da Yukos, wasu masana'antu da yawa da aka komo zuwa ga baitul.
Me ya sa ba zato ba tsammani na kwanan nan na kwanan nan Artemovedv ya yi jayayya cewa "matakin jiha a cikin tattalin arzikin ya kai ga" fasalin ja "? Haka ne, saboda tattalin arzikinmu bai yi girma da gaske ga duk 2010 ba, bayan sun gaza duk yiwuwar ci gaba mai inganci yayin mai tsada. Kuma bayyanar da Artamieva bai cika demarche ba. Akasin haka, Shugaba Vladimir Putin an ba shi izini - don ƙirƙirar dabarun ci gaban ƙasa na ƙasa.
Tsarin dabaru ba ya aiki a nan. A gefe guda, fadada kayan jihar yana da alaƙa da sha'awar tsawaita zaman a Helm: Shuka kadarorin, ba su ba da damar bayyanar da keɓaɓɓiyar bourgooise da aji na tsakiya. A gefe guda, rashin girma da kuma cutar da yawan jama'a yana sa guba kowane shiri wanda babu jacks zai taimaka tare da firiji fanko. Kasuwanci ya kamata girma ba kawai a cikin rahoton Rosstat ba. Kuma Kremlin ya yanke shawarar ganin abin da zai faru idan kun daina shinge da banki a cikin wani Bankin da ke tsakanin manyan mutane, sun saba da wannan gasar kanta.
A cikin shirin kasa da Artemyevsky, "Shirin na kasa" wani akida ne mai wahala: Kasancewar kowane kasuwa akalla kamfanoni uku, daya ya kamata ya zama mai zaman kansa. Asali na asali na mai suna - mai suna: Rage rabon kamfanonin jihar da ke cikin tattalin arziki, tallafi ga ci gaban kasuwanci da matsakaita, lissafin ci gaban gasa a hannun jari na jihar. A cikin 2019, ya sanya hannu kan dokar a kan haramcin kan kirkirar sabbin gups har zuwa 2025. Dangane da katunan titin na Gwamnati, rabon gup da mups a cikin gidaje da kasuwar sabis na sadarwa sun fara da karuwa da rabon kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin Lafiya.
Gaskiya ne, mafi mahimmancin maki sun fado daga dabarun: Monopolies na jihar ba lallai bane don gudanar da shirye-shiryen hannun jari daga aikin babban aikin ofishin mai gabatar da kara. Masu gabatar da kara sun bace kwata-kwata daga shirin kasa, kodayake a farkon editocin da aka sanya rawar da "anti-lissafin kudi". Amma mafi mahimmanci: Bai faru da yakin neman zabe na ƙasa ba don gasa, kudaden ba su rufe gwagwarmayar da Monopolists a kan tashoshin talabijin na tarayya ba. A zahiri, ɗan kasuwa bai yi gishiri a cikin ƙasa ba, wanda yake biyan haraji da albashin, creppt Dubawa da kuma ya ƙunshi jami'ai. Yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin abin da ba zai shafi ba tare da shi ba, wanda ke ƙarƙashin yankin hukuma ta nuna halin mutane. Kuma menene zai iya zama "ci gaban gasa"?
A zahiri, yana yiwuwa ko a'a, kuna buƙatar yin hukunci da yanayin kai tsaye a cikin tattalin arzikin Rasha. Idan mai shi mai zaman kansa, kamar abin da aka ruwa, ya yi watsi da kuɗi daga ƙasar, hakan yana nuna cewa babu gasa sosai a ciki. Idan a talabijan muke bayyane mutane na musamman a ofisoshin kasuwancin da ba a sansu ba alama ce mara kyau. Kuma ko da kuna buƙatar Putin, kada ku shuka 'yan kasuwa a cikin wuraren da ake tsare da su, aƙalla ba sa buƙatar - komai ya kasance har yanzu. Ku zo wurinsa da sassafe, yayin da mutane suka yi barci, suka saki wurin zama a gaban yaran da ke tsayewa, ɗauke shi kan kwamiti na bincike. A ranar, ana samun gurfanar da hukuncin alƙalin, an karɓi hukunce hukuncen alƙalin da ke tattare da zargin mai gudanarwa, inda mutum yake zaune daga wurin dangi da yara. Kuma an daloli don yarda da ko da wani abu! In ba haka ba zan sake! Me yasa masu bincike da alƙalai ba sa sauraron shugaban kasar? Me yasa masu gabatar da ta'addara ba sa yin zanga-zangar ayyukan masu bincike? Ko kuma a cikin wannan kuma ya ƙunshi gasa - don dasa wani buƙatu kuma nawa ake buƙata?
- Matsakaicin matakin rabo daga hannun jari na jihar an kiyasta kusan kashi 30% na GDP, kuma a Rasha ya kusan kungiyoyi uku na "na babbar makarantar sakandare Tattalin arziki na Valery Merov. - Bugu da ƙari, "Sirrin" na kasafin kudin Rasha a 2014 ya kasance 14%, yanzu ya zama mafi girma. A cikin ƙasar akwai "matasan '' tsarin jari hujja, wanda jihar ke da tasiri kan mafita hanyoyin saka kamfanoni, babban birnin kasar ne kawai.
Jim kadan kafin a fitar da shi a watan Nuwamba 2020, shugaban da Fas Igor Armemyev ya tabbata cewa sama da 60%. Misali, a cikin masana'antar shara a cikin 85% na gasa na yanki don zabi na afrika na gida, babu wani gasa - aikace-aikacen da aka yi da'awar.
Don tabbatar da gasa, jihar ba ta raunana ikon kasuwancin ba, amma yana kara shi - wannan shine paracian Rasha na Rasha. Babban mai tuhumar Rasha Igor Krasnov ya yi niyyar karfafa iko a kan siyan siyan jihar a duba Account. Ya juya cewa a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, gwargwadon siyan jihar, ya yi girma kuma ya kai 31% na GDP. Wato, game da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kudin ƙasar yana juyawa a cikin tsarin, da gaske gwargwadon ka'idodinta daga manufar "kasuwa". Kafin Sabuwar Shekara, Kremlin ya zuba mai a wuta, yana ba da muradin tafiyar da farashin kayan ciniki don abinci na asali.
Kuma yayin da sabon shiri don ci gaban gasar don 2021-2026 aka gabatar, tattaunawar game da Tarurrukan Jami'ar za su iya sauti. Zai yiwu hakan zai kasance mai alhakin gasa a cikin kasar ma.
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