Zaka zitatu zapitazo, Vladimir Putin adasaina lamulo pa dongosolo la dziko la chitukuko cha mpikisano. Zinthu zachuma zinali zoopsa. Mu 2015, zidapezeka kuti Russia idabwezedwa mwachangu ku Soviet Union pankhani ya katundu. Ngati mu 2005 mabizinesi aboma adawerengera 35% ya GDP, kenako mu 2015 - kale 70%. Kuchokera kwa otsalira, 30% imatha kufikiridwa kwa mabatani akunja, omwe amasamalira mwachangu mdzikozo atatha ku Crimea, ndi mitundu yonse ya boma ", monga amodzi, amagwirizana kwambiri ndi boma ndipo anthu oyamba. Ndipo muwerengere chuma chomwe chimafikira 20-25% ya GDP. Ndipo kenako nkukhala kuti mu equation padzakhala china chake ngati kachilombo ka Huwary kapena Yugoslavia, komwe anthu ambiri amaloledwa kukhala ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, nawonso nthawi iliyonse.
Oligar rockefeller
Mayiko otukuka sanayiwale zomwe amakakamizidwa kupikisana. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XV, Europe adayang'ana kunja. Anthu okwana 700 okhala amakhala ku Beijing, ndipo mwa mizinda ya 10 yayikulu padziko lapansi, paris itatu. Wolemba mbiri Nial Ferguson alemba, zaka 600 zapitazo pamtsinje wa yangtze adadutsa mabaji 12,000 ndi mpunga, komanso Coonadil of Chan Science adalemba mawerengero aku China. Ku China, adalenga mbewu zaka 2000 zaka zikwi chimodzi asanakhale Jethla, ndi ntchentche yoyamba yopanga zitsulo zoponyedwa - pafupifupi 200 BC. e. A Britain okha omwe ali mu 1788 okha mu 1788 adatsekedwa ndi kupanga zisonyezo za chiwonetsero cha kuchuluka kwa zaka 700. Gulu lankhondo la Accomen Zhery Zhengre kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XV zidatenga gulu la anthu 28,000 ndipo linali lalikulu kuposa dziko lililonse lankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma ndi 1500, Wachichaina, akuwoneka pantchito yomanga chiwiya chokhala ndi matope awiri, kuweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Midzi ndi mizinda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja zasuntha kwa nyumba zosachepera 15 kuchokera kunyanja. Amisodzi aku China anali ofanana ndi Mfumu Nicholas, yemwe anakana kumanga ma mitima, chifukwa kusinthana kumatha kubwera kudziko lapansi.
Nthawi yomweyo, chuma cha Western States chinakula chifukwa cha mpikisano. Ku Europe, zaka za XVI panali pafupifupi 500 Mayiko. Mu 1500-1800 Spain adamenya nkhondo 81% ya nthawi, England - 53%, France 52%. Zingawonekere kuti iyi si gawo labwino kwambiri pakukula kwachuma. Koma matekinoloje a zida adayamba, malingaliro a nkhondo, omwe adachitapo kanthu pakugonjetsa kosavuta madera. Nkhondo zimafunikira kulipira - misika idapangidwa, makampani ogwirizana, zomangira, nzeru za banki zidapangidwa. Tiny Portugal ndi Holland ndi otanganidwa kwambiri mu njirayi - yaying'ono imakhala yovuta nthawi zonse ndipo sikumawerengera aliyense.
Ngakhale pamene ziphuphu zikakhazikika ndikuwopseza kuti asinthe maboma ndi Nyumba Nyumba, West sanaiwale kuti mpikisano ndi zonse. A John Rockefeller adasanduka dollar Ballan Billioire kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, koma kampani yake kampani yake yothira mafuta mu 1911 idachotsedwa ndikugawika mu minofu isanu ndi iwiri chifukwa cha lamulo lotsutsa-monopoly Laar. Kuchokera pakuwona pamsika, munthu wanzeru uyu wakana kukhala waku America wopambana. Koma nthawi yomweyo, palibe amene anasankha katunduyo, sanamuike m'ndende, nyumba yoyera sinakonzekere ku ziwonetsero za Wall Street Street ". "Kukakamiza kwakukulu" kwa zaka za 1940 mpaka 190 mpaka 1990-190s. Kuloledwa kwa Socision, kuloledwa ndi Ronald Reagan, pomwe zowongolera za boma zidabwerekedwa ku bizinesi. Ndipo ngakhale masiku ano Sociassism ndi kugawa kachiwiri m'mafashoni, ilon chigoba cha 2021 chinakhala chaku America ndi dziko la madola 200 biliyoni. Nthawi yomweyo, ali kutali ndi ndale ndi boma. Chifukwa chake, mpikisano ku America sunakhale woyipa.
Outa chete
Malinga ndi mfundozi, kukula kwa mpikisano ku Russia kumatsutsana ndi zazing'onoting'ono ndi zachuma chathu. Zikuwonekeratu kuti popanda mwiniwake palibe msika weniweni, ndipo popanda mpikisano - zopangidwa bwino - zopangidwa bwino ndi zinthu zapamwamba komanso mtengo wokwanira. Komabe, chiwerengero cha mabizinesi opanda boma komanso mabizinesi m'zaka zitatu zokha. Kuphatikiza apo, yowuma bwino kwambiri idachitika mwakulemera kwambiri 2013-2014, pomwe chiwerengero cha Gups chikuwonjezeka kuchokera pa 11, 2 mpaka 25, 4,000. Nthawi zambiri akuluakulu omwe ali pamavuto, m'malo mwake, amagulitsa chuma kuti azitentha msikawo ndikupeza ndalama ku mabowo a ku Latch. Ndipo mu 2012, mndandanda wa makampani akuluakulu omwe amapezeka mosamala adakulitsidwa, koma, malinga ndi SAS, "Malingaliro adasintha." Ngakhale cholankhulira chinali chopambana, ndipo West Inctrictor Courtvact Dambo wa Olimpiki ku Soci.
Pamalo ano, ubongo wa owerenga ungayimitse kumapeto: Anaphunzitsidwa moyo wake wonse kuti Boma likatenga china chake kuchokera ku Bourgeois - ndichabwino. "Mtima" wa Peter woyamba ndi Ivan woopsa udangochita nawo - madera oyenera kuphatikiza, mphamvu zonse - mfumu, mosungiramo chuma. Mu 1990s, anthu omwe ali ndi mkwiyo wa Roptal, kuti mbewu zazikulu zazikulu kwambiri zimapita kukamwa zokhwasula zokhwasula zokhwasula zokhwasula zokhwasula zokhwasula zokhwasula zokhwasula zokhwasula ndi mphete zina zomwe zimatchedwa oligarchs. Ndipo m'ma 2000s, kutchuka kwa kutchuka kwa Perin kunayerekezedwa, momwe oligarker adakakamizidwa - a Yukos adawonetsedwa, mafakitale angapo adabwezedwanso mosungiramo ndalama.
Chifukwa chiyani mwadzidzidzi mutu waposachedwa wa Igor Artemyerev adatsutsa kuti "mkhalidwe wa boma muzachuma udafika pa" Red "? Inde, chifukwa chuma chathu sichinakule mpaka ku 2010, ndipo atangotopa mwayi wonse watukuka bwino pamafuta okwera mtengo. Ndipo kuwonekera kwa Artemieva sikunali konse ku Derwarche. M'malo mwake, Purezidenti Vladimir Punin adatumidwa - kupanga njira yofotokozera dziko.
Mfundo zomveka sizigwira ntchito pano. Kumbali imodzi, kuwonjezera kwa katundu wa boma kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chikhumbo chofuna kungokhala ku Helm: kuwongolera katundu, osaloleza mawonekedwe a Bourgeounie ndi gulu lapakati. Komabe, kusowa kwa kuchuluka ndi kufooka kwa anthu kumapangitsa kuti boma likhale loopsa lomwe palibe ma jack omwe angakuthandizeni ndi firiji yopanda kanthu. Bizinesi iyenera kumera osati mu rosstat malipoti. Ndipo Kremlin adaganiza zowona zomwe zingachitike mukasiya hedgehog ndi wowoneka bwino kubanki imodzi: kudziwitsa mpikisano womwe ali nawo pampikisano wa anthuwo.
Mu dongosolo la National adafunsidwa ndi Artemyevsky, pulani yadziko "inali malingaliro ovuta: msika uliwonse wampikisano kwa makampani atatu, omwe ayenera kukhala achinsinsi. Mfundo Zoyambirira za Prococolital Station State-ofce: Kuchepetsa gawo la makampani okhala ndi boma pachuma, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitukuko chazachuma chachilengedwe, chithandizirani mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso osafunikira pakupanga mpikisano. Mu 2019, lamuloli lidasainidwa pa chiletso pa chilengedwe chatsopano mpaka 2025. Malinga ndi makhadi amsewu waboma, gawo la Gup ndi nduna zanyumba ndi zolumikizira zayamba ndikuwonjezeka kwa makampani oyendetsa madongosolo mu ma OMS muumoyo.
Zowona, mfundo zofunika kwambiri zapezeka mwa njira: boma sizifunikira kugwirizanitsa mapulogalamu a ndalama kuchokera ku SUS, ntchito yopanda ntchito siyidzakhala kiyi pantchito ya otsutsa wa General. Otsutsa adasowa konse kuchokera ku dongosolo ladziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale m'makonzi oyambilira adawapatsa udindo wa "Wogwirizanitsa-Anti-Billy". Koma koposa zonse: sizinachitike ku dziko la mpikisano, malingaliro ake sanali kuphimba ndewu ndi ma monopolists pa kanema wakanema pa TV. Mwachilengedwe, wabizinesi sinakhale mchere wadziko lapansi, womwe umalipira misonkho ndi malipiro, zotetezera ndipo zili ndi akuluakulu. Amapitilizabe kuperekera zinthu mosadalirika, komwe kumangogwirizana ndi joseh komwe kumachitika mwa anthu. Ndipo kodi "kukula kwa mpikisano" kungakhale bwanji?
M'malo mwake, zinali zotheka kapena ayi, muyenera kuweruza mwamphamvu ndalama zachindunji muchuma cha Russia. Ngati mwiniwake wachinsinsi, wokhala ndi utoto, amawachotsa ndalama ku dzikolo, zikutanthauza kuti palibe mpikisano kwambiri mwa iwo. Ngati pa TV tikuwoneka ngati mphamvu zapadera m'maofesi osazindikira pankhani zandale ndi chizindikiro choyipa. Ndipo ngakhale ngati mukufuna kuyika, musabzale mabizinesi pamavuto, osafunikira - zonse zimakhalabe. Bwerani kwa iye m'mawa kwambiri, ngati aliyense pansi pa stalin, pamene aliyense ali m'tulo, amasanthula malo okhala patsogolo pa ana owopsa, tengani komiti yofufuzira. Masana, amatsutsa, sentensi ya woweruza imalandiridwa ngati madontho awiri amadzi ofanana ndi kuwaimba mlanduwo, ndikuyamba kulowa m'ndende, pomwe munthu wabwinobwino amakhala kutali ndi mabanja ndi ana. Ndipo imakondedwa kuvomereza ngakhale chilichonse! Apo ayi sindidzamasula! Chifukwa chiyani ofufuza ndi oweruza samvera purezidenti? Chifukwa chiyani otsutsa satsutsa zomwe ofufuza amachita? Kapena mu izi ndipo zimakhala ndi mpikisano - kubzala munthu amene amafunikira komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama?
- Pafupifupi gawo la gawo la nkhani ya boma pachuma likambidwa pafupifupi 30% ya GDP, ndipo ku Russia ili pafupifupi kotala itatu. Zachuma za Valery Minonov. - Komanso, "chinsinsi" boma la Russia mu 2014 linali 14%, tsopano lakhala lalikulu. M'dzikoli pali mitundu ya "hybrid" ya boma, momwe boma limathandizira mayankho azamakampani, kukhala ndi likulu laling'ono chabe.
Atangothana ndi kuchotsedwa mu Novembala 2020, Mutu wa FAS Igor Arteonev adatsimikiza kuti "mamapu" pamsewuwo adakwaniritsidwa ndi 60%. Mwachitsanzo, pamakina otayira mu 85% ya mpikisano wachigawo wosankha wothandizira, kunalibe mpikisano - njira imodzi yomwe imanenedwa.
Kuonetsetsa mpikisano, boma silifomuchepetsa kuyendetsa bizinesiyo, koma limawonjezera - ndiye odabwitsa waku Russia. Wotsutsa wamkulu wa Russia Igor Krasnov ananena kuti akufuna kulimbikitsa kuwongolera kwa boma pakufufuza kwa akaunti. Zinapezeka kuti pazaka zisanu zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa boma kumangokulira ndikufika 31% ya GDP. Ndiye kuti, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zadziko lapansi zimazungulira m'dongosolo, malinga ndi mfundo zake kuchokera ku lingaliro la "msika". Chaka Chatsopano chisanafike, Kremlin adathira mafuta kumoto, ndikulengeza chikhumbo chowongolera mitengo yogulitsa ndalama zofunika.
Ndipo ngakhale dongosolo latsopano lokonzekera mpikisano la 2021-2026 likuperekedwa, zokambirana pa chitsitsimutso cha State yunivesite ya State idzamveka. Ndizothekanso kukhala ndi udindo wopikisana nawonso.
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