Omans ndi a mmodzi wa anthu akale kwambiri achi Arab. Kupanga kwa iwo pamene anthuwo adachitika mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma chochitika chachikulu chinali cholengedwa cha dziko lake, chomwe chimakula ndipo tsopano. Mu mphala, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idasakanikirana kwambiri, yomwe inali maziko a anthu a Omanic.
Maphunzirowa akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja akutsimikizira kuti anali m'gawo la Oman amene anali m'gulu lakale kwambiri la anthu. Chikhalidwe cha omans chomwe chili ngati onse awiriwa a miyambo yachikunja ndipo pambuyo pake Arab. Ndi ndani - Omans? Kodi anthuwa adawoneka bwanji? Kodi mapangidwe ake Boma adachitika bwanji?
Zowona ndi Nthano
Monga taonera kale, mmodzi mwa midera lalikulu kwambiri mwa anthu adawonekera kumayiko a Oman amakono. Kenako mafuko angapo amakhala m'madera athu omwe adakwanitsa kupanga Ufumu wa Maman. Dera ili limatchulidwa m'malemba a Sumerian ngati malo amkuwa.
Kuma Maman, kugwirizanitsa anthu oyandikana ndi anthu adakwaniritsa bwino, zovuta zazikulu za Ufumu zinali zokomera zomwe zimakhala mu poto ndi kupitirira. Ndikosatheka kupatula dziko la Oman, komanso mafotokozedwe angapo oyandikana nawo, chifukwa silingawonekere ndi malo ofukula zakale.
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti nkhani ya Oman imangokhala m'matumbo ambiri a nthano ndi nthano zambiri, zomwe nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kufunafuna chowonadi chambiri. Chitsanzo ndi chitsanzo champhamvu - anthu a Aditov maiko a Omani. M'mavesi achisilamu, amafotokozedwa ngati zimphona, imodzi mwa anthu omwe adapha arabia.
M'madera ena, akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja a Oman anapezeka mizati yayikulu, yomwe imatchulidwa mu Qur'an. Mwinanso malonda abodzawa atha kukhalapo. Ndani akudziwa, mwina angathe kutchedwa tokha kwa makolo a Omans?
M'buku loyera la Asilamu, Qur'an, izi:
"Kodi sunawone amene sanawone Ambuye wanu ndi Aditami - Atsogoleri a Irama, omwe anali ndi mizati (ndani adakhazikitsa nyumba zapamwamba ndi zinyama) kapena kulibe mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu) .Mu nthano ya Omanguc, Adita amadziwika ndi anthu omwe amalangidwa chifukwa chonyada.
Mapangidwe a Oman kapena
Mu Zakachikwi, mafuko a inu adalowa m'dera la Oman, gawo lalikulu lomwe linali Yamani ndi ku Yemen. Analumikizidwa ndi oimira mtundu kuchokera ku maiko aku North-Arabia, Nizara.
Pokhala Oman, adasakaniza ndi anthu wamba. Kubwera kwa mafuko kunakhala pamaziko a anthu a Omanac. Anayamba kugawidwa m'magulu awiri kuti: "Sadzadetsedwa" (mbadwa za ku Yememi) ndi "Zosakanikirana" (Zamapeto "za ku Nizari).
Mibadwo ya Middletes idadziwika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikhulupiliro chatsopano. Anthu awa anali m'modzi mwa iwo omwe adasamukira ku Chisilamu pomwe mneneri Wamahammenti. Mu 751, mfundo zokhazikika za dongosolo la oimira oimira aboma zakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa mawu.
Pamutu pake paderali panali mandamu, amilangizi auzimu ndi atsogoleri omwe ankakonda kukakamiza wolamulira. Mfundo za mphamvu zotere, mwa lingaliro langa, zimangofika mwangwiro nthawi yake ndipo iye yekha wa Oman, popeza analipo zaka zopitilira zinayi. Koma mu zaka za zana la XII, atsogoleri okhalamo a Nabata ali ndi mphamvu, yomwe imasintha kwambiri mfundo za oblats aboma.
Komabe, Omanins amafuna kusankha olamulira, osalandira nthumwi za chigamulochi monga olowa m'malo. Ndiye chifukwa chake patatha zaka mazana atatu, imam zisankho zimabwezedwa. Monga mukumvetsetsa, kutsutsana koteroko pakati pa omwe kale ndi akale ndi atsopano kunakhudza gulu. Pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse ya Omanac Mbiri imatsegula nkhondo ya Imamat ndi Sultanata.
Dziko la Omanse
Kupanga kwa ufumu wa Oman ndi mapangidwe komaliza kwa omans monga anthu amapezeka pakati pa XVII. Kenako asitikali a Omanic adatha kugonjetsa Chipwitikizi chomwe chidakhazikitsa mphamvu kumayiko a anthu. Chithunzi chowala kwambiri cha nthawi imeneyo, ine ndi Sabn Sultun, yomwe pang'onopang'ono idayamba kukulitsa malire a katundu wa Omanic.Amalamba Mombosa, mzinda waukulu wa Kenyan, kenako nkuyamba kusuntha modutsa m'mphepete mwa Africa Kum'mawa kwa Africa. Sultan adakwanitsa kulowa nawo Ufumu wake waukulu, ndipo Omanians adafika kumalire ndi zigawo za Pakistan. Oimira otsatira a mzera wa saif amafunikira kuti agwirizane ndi Britain, zomwe zinali zopindulitsa kwa Oman.
M'mbiri ya anthu, panali maufumu ochepa ofanana ndi Oman. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chake chimakhala m'zachuma cha boma. Malonda am'nyanja amakhala ngati maziko ake. Osachita ngozi, apaulendo anatcha Oman "m'mphepete mwa oyendayenda ndi asodzi." Pafupifupi nthawi zonse zachuma zam'dzikoli zidakhazikitsidwa pamalonda, zomwe zimachitika ndi njira zam'nyanja.
Kuchokera kutsika - kukhala chitukuko
Koma ngati mu zaka za XVIII, boma linali pa nthawiyo tsiku lake, kenako pang'onopang'ono ufumuwo unayamba kukhumudwa, zomwe zidakulitsidwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa matekinoloje atsopano. Zinthu zitakulirakulira pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Ibn Sultan. Mu 1856, boma la Oman lidagawika magawo awiri - Sultanat Zanzibar ndi Sultanat Muscat ndi Oman.
Ngakhale kusintha kumeneku, Oman adakhalabe dziko lamphamvu kwambiri kudera lake. Ntchito yayikulu polimbikitsa boma idaseweredwa ndi thandizo la ufumu wa Britain.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi omans zitha kupezeka mu zojambulajambula zapaulendo, wolemba ndi Britain Charles Ower Owete:
"Arabs a Oman ndi liwiro lomwe adazikika mu mawonekedwe olimba ndi oyipa, chowonadi ndi zabodza, ukhondo wapachiyambi. Ali ndi chilombo cholimba mtima, chidani ndi nkhanza kwa adani. "Masiku ano, Sultanat Oman ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopambana za Arabia. Zachidziwikire, munjira yayikuluyi a om omweyo - anthu omwe adatha kupita pamavuto ndi mayeso, kuti asangosunga chikhalidwe chawo chokha, komanso nthano zakale, zokhumba za mbiri yakale komanso nthano zodziwika bwino.