PROFILES YIZA Ibihe by'Ubwongereza na nyiri ikinyamakuru, inzu y'Ubuyapani Nikkei, Gusesengura icyaba ibintu bimeze mu rwego banditse. Vtimes muminsi itanu yerekana ibitekerezo byabo mubice bitanu byamasoko yisoko ryumurimo, imari, ingufu, urwego rwumuguzi, ikoranabuhanga.
Ingufu
David Schpadard, Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ingufu mu by'imariAmateka yumurenge wa peteroli kumyaka irenga 100 arangwa nigihe kirekire cyo guterana amagambo nibiciro byanyuma byatumye habaho igiciro cyamavuta, kubera ko ishoramari ridahagije hamwe no gukura bidahagije hamwe no gukura kwabikoresha byashizeho defisit . Kubera ko hafi ya 2020, igiciro cyamavuta nticyarenze $ 40 kuri barrel (kandi ibi ni bibiri birenga inshuro esheshatu.
Ariko, uyumunsi rwose ntabwo ari ukuzimya. Sisitemu y'ingufu ku isi iherereye ku rwego rwo guhindura, ziboneka rimwe mu kinyejana. Kubera gahunda zikomeye za leta yo kugabanya ibyuka byangiza no kwiyongera byihuse mu mubare w'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, biteganijwe ko bizagera ku nkombe zisanzwe mu gihe kizaza - wenda imyaka 10. Ibi bigura ibyifuzo byo guteza imbere inganda, umenyereye iterambere ry'iteka.
Ariko nubwo bisaba kugabanuka, kutavuka ibyifuzo niba ibigo by'ingufu bizareka gushora imari mubwenge no gucukura? Cyangwa abaproduceri bakomeye bazagerageza gucukura buri ngururu, batinya ko bicaye kumutungo vuba ishobora gutesha agaciro? Nkuko ejo hazaza hashobora kureba, isi yamenye igihe intambara ngufi itangiye muri Werurwe Hagati ya Arabiya Sawudite n'Uburusiya.
Ntawe uzi neza uko ibintu bizashyirwaho. Ariko uburyo bwo gusaba gufungwa bwugarijwe no guhindura ibitekerezo byashizweho, ndetse n'abashinze imizi, nk'inzira ya peteroli.
Matsuo Hirofumi, umunyamakuru mukuru wa NikkeiTuri ku rubibi rw'impinduramatwara y'ingufu. Inzibacyuho ku isi ifite imyuka ya erubon dioxyde ituma impinduka zidatera guhinduka gusa no gutanga umutungo w'ingufu, ahubwo no muri politiki mpuzamahanga n'ubucuruzi. Mu myaka itanu yakurikiyeho, izagenwa ninde uzayoborwa niyi mpinduramatwara.
Usibye EU n'Ubuyapani, Umuyobozi w'Amerika watowe yasezeranyije ko azatanga inguzanyo zeru zo mu myaka 2050. Ubushinwa, ufite amateka yo kubatema kuri zeru kugeza kuri 2060. Gushyira mu bikorwa iyi gahunda, udushya twikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga tuzasabwa gushyira mu bikorwa iyi gahunda, impinduka mu bijyanye n'ubukungu ndetse na Leta. Kugurisha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, nk'uko bigaragara ku bigereranyo by'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ingufu, mu mpera za 2030 bigomba gutera gukura inshuro 20, kandi hydrogen itanga ibiciro 20.
Impuguke zasabwaga kuri sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi zishingiye ku mbaraga ziyongera ku bijyanye n'inzego zishobora kugengwaho amadolari 1.6, zirenze urwego rwa none.
Ibihugu namasosiyete n'ibigo bigenzura ikoranabuhanga bidufasha kugabanya imyuka yangiza kuri runini nk'urwo, iyo itwaye imodoka kuri societe ya Danardonied izagira inyungu zo guhatanira. Niba ikinyejana cya makumyabiri cyari ibihe bya pevuta, aho Amerika iyobora, noneho muri XXI. Kubabaza bazatera Ubushinwa. Bizagira uruhare rwiganje ku isoko ryikoranabuhanga ku isi n'ibicuruzwa - nk'izuba ryizuba, inzitizi z'umuyaga, amashanyarazi na bateri - bikenewe kugira ngo hashyire mu bikorwa imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Mu Bushinwa, hari gahunda yo guteza imbere ingufu zishobora kongerwa, igenzura kubitsa binini by'ibyuma bidasanzwe by'isi, bikenewe, urugero, kugirango umusaruro w'imodoka. Ingufu zizaba imwe mu nzego zo kugongana n'Ubushinwa na Amerika barwanira ku bw'imihango y'ikoranabuhanga.
Gutanga Ibikoresho - ariko nta guswera byinyamanswa, ariko bikenewe kugirango ihererekanekere, rizahinduka imwe mu mirimo nyamukuru mu kubungabunga umubare w'iterambere ry'isumbuye ry'ubukungu.
Victor Davydov na Mikhail barenze
Soma ibitekerezo byamakuru ya FT na Nikkei kubyerekeye impinduka zishoboka mu zindi nzego buri munsi muri iki cyumweru.