NgoFebhuwari 2021, indlela ezintathu ye-spacecraft mars, ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba, ososayensi bahlela ukuthumela uphenyo kuma-asteroids, ngasikhathi sinye isibonakude esisha se-orbital sizokwethulwa emkhathini. Ngo-2021, sizobona ukwethulwa kwemicibisholo emisha evela ezinkampanini ezizimele ze-aerospace.
Nalu uhlu lwemishini yesikhala ehlelelwe ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezizayo.
UMartian TrioEhlobo eledlule, i-UAE, China kanye ne-United States bathumela amathuluzi abo kuMars. Iplanethi yokuqala ebomvu izofika nge-Arabic Profe Emirati Ithemba ("NADEZHDA"), lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 9; Uzohlola ama-Mars nge-orbits. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesayensi wesiteshi se-Arab Space ukwenza isithombe esiphelele sesimo saseMartian. Ithemba le-Emirati lizohlola izivunguvungu zothuli engxenyeni engezansi yomkhathi nokuthi isimo sezulu siguquka kanjani emhlabeni ngesikhathi sosuku nonyaka.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngoFebhuwari 10, i-Chinese Mission "Tiawean-1" izofika eMars (ehunyushwe ngokuthi "imibuzo ezulwini" noma "imibuzo esibhakabhakeni")). Ezinyangeni ezintathu, uhlelo lweTianven-1, oluqukethe i-probe ye-orbital kanye nemodyuli yokufika nge-rover ebhodini, kuzozungeleza umhlaba, futhi ngoMeyi kuzothumela ama-affatus asohleleke nge-rover ebusweni. China okokuqala ngqa ukuzama ukutshala izinto zokusebenza ebusweni benye iplanethi, into enzima kakhulu kulo msebenzi ukwenza ukufika okuthambile. Uma kwenzeka impumelelo, i-Chinese Rover izofuna amanzi, ukulungiswa kwamamephu wezwe, ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya ukwakheka komhlaba.
Isihloko ngesihloko: kungani iChina ithumele iRover yakhe iye kuma-Mars
I-American Marso Party Ukuphikelela ("Ukuphikelela") Isondela Mars. Ukufika ebusweni kuhlelwe ngoFebhuwari 18. Uma isigaba sokuqala se-mission sizophumelela, ku-ezero yomisiwe yeCrater Lake Ezero izoqala ukubheka izimpawu zempilo ye-microbial. Idivayisi izohlola indawo ezungezile ukuze kube khona ubukhona be-biosignatures, ngemuva kwalokho kuzoqala ukuqoqa amasampula amadwala, azosuka esitsheni, azobuyela emhlabathini.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Njengoba i-NASA Rover entsha izobheka impilo ngeplanethi ebomvu
Ukuphikelela kunamathiselwe nge-helicopter ye-Ingenoity ("Ingenoity"), okuyi-NASA ezohlola ukuphakama okuphansi. Ososayensi bathi uma kwenzeka ephumelela, onjiniyela baseMelika bazovuselela ucwaningo ocwaningweni lwesikhala: Uhlobo olusha lwamarobhothi luzovela, olungafunda amaplanethi nama-satellites alo kusuka kumbono wenyoni.
Izindiza zesibili zokuhlola izindiza ze-starliner ngaphandle kwe-Crew nendiza yokuqala yokushayelaNgoDisemba 2019, iBoeing yaqhuba izivivinyo ezingahleliwe zomkhumbi wakhe wejele. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sendiza ye-Orbital Test Flight-1 Indiza (ye-Oft-1), lapho umkhumbi obekukhona lapho usondela khona kwi-ISS ne-Dock nesiteshi, kunobunzima be-software yedivayisi, futhi abakwazanga ukufika edolobheni I-Starliner.
Ochwepheshe be-Boeing bafundze le nkinga, bayiqeda futhi manje bazobamba isivivinyo sesibili sokuhlolwa kwe-Orbital Orbital Test Flight-2 (of-2). Ukugijima kuhlelwe ngoMashi 29. Uma i-boeing ihambile, i-starliner izoba umkhumbi wesibili wezentengiselwano, ngemuva kokuthi u-Crew Dragon ovela kwi-Spacex evunyelwe yi-NASA ukuze athole ama-Astronats.
Uma izivivinyo ezingahleliwe ze-Starliner ngo-Mashi 2021 zizophumelela, ehlobo ehlobo lomkhumbi zizondiza izinkanyezi okokuqala, kuzoba uMichael Fink, uNicole Mann, uBarry Wilmore. Ukundiza kokuqala kwe-Pilot ye-Starliner kuya kwi-ISS kuhlelelwe ngoJuni.
Inyanga yeJapan, iBritain enkulu, e-USAE-US, kukhona uhlelo lwe-NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services Programme (CLPS). I-ejensi yezwe yezwe ifuna futhi iphetha izinkontileka nezinkampani ezizimele ngezinsizakalo zokuthutha ze-Space. Njengengxenye yalezi zinkontileka, "abathengisi abazimele" kufanele bathuthukise amadivaysi amancane okufika kwamarobhothi, abese ebathumela ebusweni be-satellite, zonke izimoto zomhlaba noma amalomu emazweni abambisene nawo, ikakhulukazi ukuze kubhekwe izinsiza zozakwethu.
Enye yalezi zinkampani isiphenduke i-astrobotic kaPittsburgh, imodyuli yalowo owayeseduzane ehlobo lika-2021 kufanele ilethe ama-Lunas amancane enyangeni: irobhothi laseJapan emasondweni eYaoki nesicabucabu saseBrithani esithuthukiswe yi-Spacebit. Lawa ngamarobhothi okuqala e-japan ne-UK, amadivaysi azobandakanyeka ocwaningweni lwe-satellite ebusweni.
Uma i-mission of peregrine lander izohamba ngokohlelo, imodyuli yokufika izoletha inyanga yezindawo ezishisiwe zombhali wezinganekwane zesayensi edumile u-Arthur Cark.
Ngo-Okthoba, imishini yesibili yenkampani yangasese yaseMelika enembile ihlela ukuthumela isimo sayo se-Nova-C. Le divayisi iyithuluzi le-cargo elingahleliwe elinenjini ye-Jet ewuketshezi kwi-meth metane, ekwazi ukuletha kuze kube yi-100 kg yemithwalo ngasikhathi. Ngo-2021, imodyuli yenkampani izohambisa ama-NASA ama-NASA amaLawolayishi e-satellite, ngemuva kwalokho azodlulisela idatha ehlukahlukene kwiplanethi yethu yezinsuku eziyi-13,5 zomhlaba.
NgoNovemba, ukundiza kokuqala kwezinguqulo ze-Super-esisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ze-SLS zeBlock 1 zeBlock 1. Njengengxenye yomsebenzi ongahleliwe, i-Artemis 1 "(Artemis-i) kuzofanela ukuletha umkhumbi we-nyanga , okuzondiza inyanga namasonto amathathu kamuva abuyele emhlabathini.
Indiza ye-SLS izokwenzeka kuphela uma ukwakhiwa kwe-rocket kuqediwe ngesikhathi futhi kuzodlula zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Khumbula, ukwethulwa kokuqala kwe-SLS NASA kudluliselwe kaninginingi, okokugcina ngo-2020.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Umhloli ojwayelekile uNasa wagxeka kakhulu umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwe-SLS Rocket
I-mission "Artemis 1" idlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zeNASA zokufika kwabantu enyangeni. Uma kwenzeka impumelelo yalo msebenzi, ngo-2022 i-ejensi izondiza inyanga nabasebenzi ebhodini, kwathi ngo-2023 kwathi ngo-2024 lapho sekuvele kundiza nge-Astronats to the satellite.
I-Russia enyangeniI-Russia, ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba ihlela ukuthumela iNyanga-25 Mission eLuna ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Idivayisi izowela endaweni yaseSouthern Pole ukuze ifundelwe i-runar regolith, okudelela nothuli, futhi "uLuna-25" izohlola ingxenye enkulu yamanzi aqandisiwe ekulawulweni. I-South Pole yeNyanga ithembise kakhulu isikhala socwaningo. Ngo-2009, uphenyo lwaseNdiya uCandriaian-1 kanye ne-NASA Lcross Appratus bathola ukulethwa okubalulekile kweqhwa lamanzi lapha. Lesi sifunda sithathwa njenge-NASA njengenhloso yokuqala ngemuva kokuphazamiseka isikhathi eside kokufika kwe-desemodiment, okufanele kwenzeke kuma-2020s.
I-Running Orbital TelesCopeNgasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, ukuqala kukaNovemba Kuhlelwa ukwethula i-Orbital Telescope "James Webba" - enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokubuka kwesayensi kwemishini yesikhala, ohlehliselwe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngenxa yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe nokukhula izindleko.
I-telescope "James WebBA" izoba ngumlandeli "Hubble", futhi, njengoba ososayensi banethemba, bayosiza ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezimo zabantu basemapulazini aphansi futhi baveze izimfihlo zendawo yokuqala.
Ukuqapha okungokomlando kucishe kulungele umsebenzi, manje sekulungiselela izivivinyo zokugcina, lapho onjiniyela bazohlola izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zesibonakude, njenge-sunscreen.
Kujule ohlelweni lweSolarKulonyaka, i-NASA izothumela iplanethi yokuqala yokuvikelwa kweplanethi ku-cosmos (ukuhlolwa kokuqondisa kabusha okuphindwe kabili). Run uhlelelwe ukuphela kukaJulayi. Ngosizo lwe-appatus ekhethekile ye-500 Kilogram ethomathi, ososayensi bafuna ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhambisa umjikelezo womzimba omncane, okuthintayo. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe bazoshayisana esiteshini nge-asteroid Didymos, ehlanganisa ezimbili ze-TEL: I-Didymos a (ububanzi bamamitha ayi-780) kanye ne-Didymos B (ububanzi bamamitha ayi-160). Kusukela umthelela, inani lamandla alingana nenani elenziwe ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamathani amathathu e-trotyl aqokonyisiwe.
Empeleni, i-ejensi izobhekana nobuchwepheshe bokuthi i-theory is "isihlangu seplanethi": Ukushintsha inkambo yento ukuze ingahlangane nomhlaba.
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-DART Space Mission ingadala ukuhamba kwe-meteor okwenziwe
Uphenyo kuzodingeka ukuthi ushaye ama-Didymos B ngejubane lama-6 km / s. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukushaywa kuzoshintsha i-asteroid flight trajectory kanye ne-Didymos B Orbital of cishe 0.4 mm / c. Ngo-Okthoba 2022, i-asteroid izondiza amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-11 ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu.
Ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, omunye umsebenzi ofisa ukuvelela ekufundweni kwama-asteroid anguTrojan - uLucy kufanele wethulwe. Lokhu kungumgomo wokuqala emlandweni wokucwaninga kwesikhala, okuzofanela ukutadisha inani lama-asteroids eTrojan ajikeleza ilanga ndawonye neJupiter ("Phambili" kanye "ngemuva" kweplanethi). Iminyaka eyi-12, idivaysi izohlola ama-8 "Pebbles".
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Mission NASA "Lucy", ezokwembula izimfihlo 'zobusha' zohlelo lwelanga
Isistimu yokususa udoti wesikhalaUkwethulwa kohlelo lokuqala lwentengiso ukuze ususe udoti we-cosmic kuhlelwe ngoMashi. Idivaysi ye-Elsa-D esuka enkampanini yaseJapan Astroscale izohola ijikeleze i-rocket yaseRussia "Soyuz-2". I-ProBE uhlelo lokuhlola lweziteshi ezimbili: Isiteshi esikhonzayo esithi "Iklayenti" nelikhibhodi "le-17-kilogram". Ngosizo lokuthwebula kazibuthe, "Ukusebenzela" Isiteshi "kuzoheha", bese "ukukhishwa" kwelitshe ukukhombisa amathuba okubamba izingxenye zodoti ohlukile. Uma izivivinyo ziphumelela, ama-astroscale ahlela ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze asebenze futhi ahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zokuthi "ukuhlanza" kukadoti we-cosmic kusuka ku-orbit.
Ukwethulwa kwesivivinyo kwezimoto ezintsha zokuqalisaMasinyane izinkampani ezikhethekile ze-aerospace zihlela ngo-2021 ukuze zithole amarokhethi awo amasha.
Ehlobo, i-United Launch Alliance, okungokwakwe-Lockheed Martin neBoeing, kuzobamba ukubhekana nokuhlolwa kwezilingo ze-Super-helcan media, okushiwoyo, kuzokwazi ukuhoxisa i-GeoStary orbitary kuze kube ngamathani ayi-14,5. Into esemqoka ye-rocket yesikhathi esizayo - izinjini ezi-4 usebenzisa i-methane.
Eduze kwehlobo, umsuka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uzohlola imoto yakhe enamandla entsha i-Glenn New Glenn, ekwazi ukwanda ku-Geostary Geostary kuze kube ngamathani ayi-13. Isigaba sokuqala se-rocket sizofakelwa izinjini eziyisikhombisa ezingama-BE-4, saxoxa ngabo ngenhla. Muva nje, uNasa umemezele ukuthi uGlenn omusha uzojoyina imikhumbi ye-Carrier Carriers-Carrier Carriers.
Kwikota yesine, i-Spacex ihlolwe kakhulu isindayo esikhulu. Le rocket izohlolelwa injini engu-31 yeRaptor System futhi izokwazi ukubonisa i-orbitary orbitary ibe ngamathani angama-21. Le nkampani ifuna ukusebenzisa i-Super Hard njenge-Starship Ship STED ukumhoxisa ku-Orbit. Ngokuzayo, njengezinhlelo ze-Spacex, imikhumbi yokubulala izinkanyezi izokwazi ukuletha abantu enyangeni naseMars.
I-United Launch Alliance, imvelaphi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-Spacex akuzona ukuphela kwezinkampani ezizohlangabezana namarokhethi azo ngo-2021. Ukuqalisa okuningana ngokwethulwa kwama-satellite amancane kuphinde kwenzeke ukufaka "imakethe yesikhala" kuNyaka oMusha: I-Firefly Aerospace ne-Spacet.
I-aerospely aerospely esekelwe eTexas izokwethula imoto yayo entsha ye-Alpha ye-Alpha Launch ukuze ihoxise ukujikeleza kwama-satellite amancane ngo-2020, kepha ngenxa yobhubhane, amacebo enkampani ashintshile futhi le mishini yahlehliswa ngo-2021. I-Alpha izokwazi ukuhoxisa ku-geocentric orbit kuze kufike ku-600 kg we-payload.
Isikhala Sokubuyisana - Ukuqalisa kusuka eLos Angeles, ephrinte iTerran 1 rocket yayo kwiphrinta ye-3D. Kuhlelwe ukuthi lo ophethe uzokhipha ama-satellite amancane kusuka kumasayithi eCape Canvoral. Kulindeleke ukuthi inkampani ilindelwe okokuqala engxenyeni yesibili ka-2021.
Izivakashi e-ISS.Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2021, indiza yokuqala eyimfihlo ngokugcwele kwi-ISS kufanele yenzeke. Isivumelwano esisayinwe phakathi kwe-Spacex and Startap Axiom Space sihlinzekela ukuthumela izivakashi ezintathu zesikhala esiteshini ku-Ship Crew Dragon. E-ISS, izivakashi zihlela ukuchitha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili.
Ku-Axiom, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi izivakashi zigqoke esiteshini sesikhala ngaphambili, kepha kulokhu kuzoba "yimishini eyimfihlo ephelele" esiteshini.
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