Naphezu kwenkinga, ukuwa kwemali engenayo yabantu kanye nokugeleza kokonga emakethe yamasheya, izakhamizi ziphethe imali eSenberbank: Ngonyaka owedlule, imali yazo yasukuma nge-11.6% rubles, Kuthiwa ekubikeni kwayo ku-RAS.. Kungaphezudlwana nangaphandle konyaka we-2019, lapho imali yabantu ebhange lombuso ngaphandle kokubheka ukubuyekezwa kwemali eyengeziwe ngo-4.7%.
Isabelo seSberbank ngendlela yabantu abadlula cishe ama-40%, futhi okwenzekayo kukho kukhombisa kahle lesi simo ohlelweni lwebhange. I-Central Bank ayikashicileli izibalo zonyaka, kepha ngoDisemba 1, imali yezakhamizi (idiphozi kanye nezilinganiso kuma-akhawunti) emabhange aseRussia akhuphuka kangako - ngo-6.2% ama-ruble angama-32. Lo mphumela ubandakanya ukwanda okungukuphakama kwemali efakwa kwemali ngenxa yokuwa kwe-ruble, ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa kwemali, ukukhula akuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngoDisemba, imali yabantu emabhange ngokwesiko ikhula ngokwesiko: Ngaphambi kwamaholide oNyaka oMusha, amaholo kanye nezimpesheni akhokhelwa kusenesikhathi.
Imali mboleko, ukushintshaniswa, i-akhawuntiIgalelo elikhulu ekwandeni kwezimali zezakhamizi emabhange ahlanganisa ama-ESCrow Ama-Akhawunti: kusuka ku-137 billion ekuqaleni konyaka asukuma ama-ruble angu-1. ngoDisemba 1st. Izinsalela ezikhulayo kuma-akhawunti ka-Eskrow zinikeze ukukhula okuphelele kwezimali ezi-2/3 ze-ruble emabhange, abahlaziyi babaliwe be-National Rating Agency (NRA) ngokusho kwebhange eliphakathi ngoJanuwari - Okthoba. Imvamisa, amakhasimende adluliselwa kuma-akhawunti we-akhawunti escroy kuphela kusuka kumadiphozi afanayo, akhulume vpimes
Kodwa amadiphozi ancishisiwe kanye namanani: Ngokusho kwebhange eliphakathi, ngama-ruble angama-1,7 trillion. Ezinyangeni eziyi-11 - kusukela ngo-22,9 trillion kuya ku-21.2 ama-trillion ruble. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi samadiphozithi, ikakhulukazi imali, abantu baye bajwayelekile ukuvula okusha. Kepha insalela eyandisiwe ngokumangazayo kuma-akhawunti wamanje - kusuka ku-7.5 trillion kuya ku-10.3 trillion ruble. Isizathu sokukhula kwesibalo sabantu ngokuyinhloko kwakuwukukhula kwemali ye-escrow, kanye ne-akhawunti eqoqiwe ye-NKR yokulinganisa i-Alexander Proctov: futhi uma owokuqala eyingxenye edingekayo yokuxhasa imali yokuthengwa kwezindlu, Kubandakanya izindleko zezinhlelo zokubolekwa kwemali, khona-ke owesibili uyathakazelisa. Ngokombono, kuvumelana nezimo ngokwengeziwe ukulawula izindlela ezitshaliwe ngamanani aphansi.
ISberbank ikhombise ukwanda okukhulu kwamanye amabhange futhi, kucatshangelwa isimo sezomnotho samanje, ibona umqondisi ophethe ngokuqinisekiswa kwesazi sesazi se-RA Berikov. Kepha kuyadingeka ukuhlukaniswa okunikezwe mathupha, kanye nesitatimende esixoxisayo ngoJanuwari 1, iSberbank ayikashicileli. Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka ka-2020, kuma-akhawunti wediphozithi eSenberbank kwakukhona isipikha esihlangene, amanothi ochwepheshe: Ukukhula kwanyanga zonke kwavinjwa, kwathi ngoNovemba kwakukhona ukuphuma okumsulwa okumsulwa. Amandla amahle ezikweletu ezithengisayo aqinisekiswa ngokwanda kwezimali kuma-akhawunti wamanje: Abantu bebengaphuthumi ngokuphinda bathole iminikelo yokuqeda bebheka ukubuyisa okuwile.
E-SBERBANK ngoDisemba, ngenze (kuze kube manje) ama-Promovklad amakhasimende amasha nalabo abangazange athathe imali kuma-deposits ezinyangeni ezedlule - ngamanani afinyelela ku-4,5% ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube nguDisemba 15, iBhangengodla lisebenze umnikelo wesikhashana wesikhashana ngesilinganiso se-3.6-4% ngonyaka (ngaphandle kwamagatsha).
Kwikota yesithathu, imali ekhokhwayo yangempela yamaRussia iyaqhubeka nokuwa - ngo-4.8% ngamagama minyaka yonke, kusho uRosstat. Izibalo zemali engenayo kanye nezindleko zamaRussia zihlanekezelwe ngokunaka ama-akhawunti e-Escrow kanye nokutshala imali okugcwele kwamaRussia ekufezeni, kubhale abahlaziyi bebhange eliphakathi nendawo (umbono wabo kungenzeka angahambisani nesikhundla sebhange eliphakathi nendawo). Emakethe yamasheya, abantu baseRussia babamba cishe ama-ruble ayi-7, noma cishe ama-20% ezimali ezisemabhange.
Kepha ukukhetha kwamathuluzi okutshala imali kubatshalizimali abangafaneleki akubanzi kakhulu (ngisho nangaphezulu ngakho-ke kucatshangelwa imikhawulo emisha yebhange eliphakathi), amanothi weBelikov. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe kuvalwa amadiphozithi, imali ayishiyi amabhange ngaso leso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2021, umkhuba onamandla aphezulu uzoqhubeka, amanothi ochwepheshe: Sizobona ukuphuma kwemali okuphelele kwemali ngenkathi izakhamizi zisebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokutshala imali, njengemakethe yesitoko. Le nqubo izokwelula ngesikhathi, asilindele ukucindezelwa kwesikhathi esisodwa se-liquidity, ikakhulukazi njengoba umkhakha esekela ukubhuka kwawo okukhulu. Ngonyaka ozayo - eyodwa nengxenye yamadiphozi asebhange emakethe yamasheya, ama-ruble angama-3- 3,5 ama-trillion aholwa, umqondisi jikelele we-Accra Mikhail Sukhov. Isikhungo sikazwelonke sokulinganisa sabikezela ukuhamba kwama-ruble angama-3.4 trillion, kepha phezulu kweminyaka emihlanu.
Inhlekelele - Isikhathi sokugcinaKungani ukwehla kokubheja kuma-deposits, ukugeleza kwemali ekushintshiseni kwesitoko kanye nenkinga enciphise imali engenayo yabantu, kusheshise kuphela ukukhula kokonga emabhange?
Ukukhula kokonga ngo-2020 - into yomhlaba wonke, iphawula i-Chief Economist "stth capital" ku-CIS naseRussia Alexander Isakov. Ngakho-ke, e-US, ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokuqala kobhubhane, imali ebekiwe yasukuma ngerekhodi $ 1.8 trillion (idatha ye-Federal Deposit Insuration Corporation). Ukukhula kokonga kungukubonisa kwezikhathi zokungazethembi - abantu abazethembi kakhulu emholweni wabo, zama ukuchitha imali encane futhi aqongelele ukunikezwa kwe-liquidity, kuchaza i-ISAkoV. Ezinhlekelele, izinga lokonga lihlala likhula, umhlaziyi omkhulu we-Alfa-Bank Natalia Orlova uyavuma. Isibonelo, ngonyaka ka-2015, inani labantu lathumela irekhodi elingu-14.1% lemali engenayo emalini.
Ukonga kwakhula kulabo le nkinga engazange bashaye kuyo: Imali engenayo ngo-2020 ayizange ithinteke kakhulu, futhi izindleko zinciphile. Ngakho-ke, ukwenqaba ukuhamba kwasindisa inani labantu ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyi-1.5, kwahlola ibhange eliphakathi. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokonga kwikota yesibili, lapho ukwehla okunzima kwenziwa, kufinyelela kurekhodi 18.2%, kwathi owesithathu wawela kuze kufike ku-2%.
Esinye isizathu ukwesekwa kombuso kanye nempahla ebanjiswayo, kubheka i-Chief Economist eRussia naseCnimit Dmitry Dimpkin. Ngokusho kwabahlaziyi be-NRA, izinkokhelo zenhlalo kubantu bahlanekezele izibalo zamanani aphezulu wabantu ngama-ruble angama-290 billion.