Abahleli be-bankros.ru bebeka unyaka ophumayo. Ngoku siza kuxela ngolona tshintsho lubalulekileyo lwezemali lwenzekile kwiinyanga ezili-12 kwaye ibonakaliswe kuqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nee-wallets zamaRussia.
I-Coronacris: ukuqala
Sele eJanuwari, yayiyinto efunekayo yentsholongwane entsha engaziwayo, eChina enomdla. Nangona kunjalo, xa wayekude, kuphela amahlaya kwi-Intanethi ebangelwe. Ayingabo bonke abantu bakuqonda ubunzulu bemeko, kwaye abanye abayiqondi kude kube ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, babekwanjalo nabo baziintloko zonke iimveliso ezivela kwiishelufa, kubandakanya netyuwa kunye nePasta.
Isifo esitsha, esahlulwe ngokukhawuleza lihlabathi, sibeka uqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nemveliso "kwi-STOP". Eyokuqala yafunyaniswa kunye neemarike ze-hydrocarbon kunye neemali zamazwe asaphuhlayo apho i-ruble. I-oyile yawa ngexabiso eliphantsi kwe- $ 20 kwi-barrel nganye, kwaye kwimini enye ingemva, i-tiered ijika ifake ipetroli, abatyali, bafumana apho bavalelwa phi. Ke ngoko, banikwa "ukwenzela ukuba" bakhutshwe apha ngasentla.
Le meko iyonakalisa iinkampani ezininzi zeoli zaseMelika, kwaye i-OPC + iphinde ihlale kwitafile yokuxoxa kwaye itsale amanye amazwe kwincoko. Ngoku ioyile ibuyisela isikhundla sayo, kwaye nethemba phakathi kweengcibi ziprofeta ngo-2021 68 iidola zaseMelika nge-barrel ephezulu ye-Siberia Brent. Ngaba uqeqesho luya kuzaliseka? Ibonisa ixesha. Kuninzi ngoku kuxhomekeka ekubeni uLawulo lweShidi laseMelika luyasusa kubasebenzi bee-oyile). Ukuba ewe, iimarike zinokuqesha kwioyile engabhaliswanga. Imeko, nangona iya kuba yeyokwexeshana, iya kwenza igalelo layo elibi kwiimarike.
I-Devlidal Roble
Kwidola kulo nyaka wawa nge-20%. Kwi-euro-nge-30%. Abo bakwazile ukuthenga "abantu baseYurophu" kunye "namaMelika" ekuqaleni konyaka babe kwihashe. Abo babeguqule ngaphambili ii-rubles zabo kwi-asethi yegolide yegolide baguquka ukuba babe kwi-kon yegolide. Olona nyango ludumileyo lwaseRussia lwe-Georgy Victoronec ithathe kwixabiso le-phantse kabini. Kwaye okwangoku akewe.
Kodwa esona sivuno sibalulekileyo saboniswa i-cryctoncy. Umgangatho ophakathi weBitcoin ngokuhlwa nge-30 kaDisemba, i-2020, ngokutsho kwePortal Bankros.ru, phantse amawaka angama-28 eedola. Okwesibini, utyalomali kutyalo-mali luye lwavela ukuba lube zii-akhawunti zentsimbi kwi-Palladium.
Okubangela umdla, kulo nyaka, njengenxalenye yenkxaso yoqoqosho lwayo, indawo yase-US federal yapapashwa iidola ezininzi zeedola. Imali isasazwe eluntwini ukuze abantu baphile kwaye batshabalalise iinkampani kwicandelo lezenkonzo. Kwangelo xesha, idola yabuza, kodwa ayizange iwele.
Kwinkqubo yehlabathi engaqinisekanga, abatyali-mali abathengiweyo kakhulu iidola, bemka iiasethi ezikhuselayo kwaye bafumana ngokukhawuleza amanye amazwe asaphuhlayo. Njengempembelelo-idola iseziindlela, inkawu inamandla.
Utyalomali kunye nemeko yeRhafu yeNgeniso yeNgeniso
Ngentwasahlobo yalo nyaka, xa ubhubhane weza eRussia, uMongameli Vladimir uPein wabhenela izihlandlo ezininzi kwisizwe. Ekuqaleni, iNtloko ye-State yathumela abantu baseRussia ukuba bahlale kwiveki yekhaya, kwaye emva koko uluntu lwasekhaya lwandisiwe kwenye inyanga.Ukugcwalisa ilahleko yohlahlo-lwabiwo mali ebangelwa ngamaxabiso ahamba-oyile, isidingo sokuxhasa ishishini, ukuziqesha, ukungasebenzi, kunye neentsapho ezinomsebenzi onabantwana, uPina wabhengeza ukumiliselwa kwemilinganiselo yerhafu nganye.
Inyathelo lokuqala lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo kwaye lolona nyathelo laliyirhafu: Ukusukela ngonyaka we-20%, i-gefls kwi-4% i-42.5 i-rubles rubles (ukusuka kwinani lezixhobo ziya kuba yimfuneko thabatha imveliso yemveliso yesigidi i-ruble kunye nesitshixo sokubheja nge-1 kaJanuwari yangoku yonyaka). Kwangelo xesha, irhafu ayiyi kuthatyathwa kukuqokelelwa, kodwa ukuqokelelwe ziibhanki.
Ezi ndaba zabangela into engeyiyo phakathi kwenani labemi, oko kwakuphuma, siya kushumayela kamva.
Inyathelo lesibini lajika laya kuba yi-NDFL enyukayo ye-15% yabo bafumana iinkunkuma ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezintlanu ngonyaka. Imali efunyenwe kubuninzi bemali iya konwatyiswa yirhafu yengeniso eyandisiweyo.
Elinye inyathelo lokuqala, elingabalulekanga ngabemi abaqhelekileyo, kodwa lubalulekile kuqoqosho lwelizwe-ukucinezelwa kokurhoxiswa kwemali kwi-hardhore. UMongameli waphakamisa ireyithi yerhafu kubahlali kunye nabangahlali, okuzisa imali ngeCyprus namanye amazwe awaziwa ngeerhafu ezincinci.
I-helipta yemali
Emva kokuba zonke izindlu ziphantsi, imali ezipokothweni zaseRussia zaqalisa ngokukhawuleza. Abangazange bagxothe (kwabo baphulukene nomsebenzi wabo, isibonelelo esivusiweyo sakhutshwa kwinani lemimandla yengingqi), ithunyelwe kwiholide okanye umvuzo oshiyekileyo. Oku kubangele ukuba kwenziwe okungakumbi kunokwaziswa kweekhowudi zeekhowudi kunye neentlawulo zokwaphula umthetho okhethekileyo usekwe kwiindawo ezininzi.
Nje ukuba amanye amazwe aqalise ukuxhasa abemi babo ngemali, iRussia yaqalisa ukudala amaxwebhu ezikhalazo kunye nemfuneko yokusasaza imali kubemi. Abahlalutyi kunye neengcali zabantu ezixhaswe: kuphela amavila kuphela engakhange acebise ukuba "ukukhwela kwi-cube" kuphela-ukuvula iNgxowa-mali yeNtloko yeSizwe kwaye wabelane nge-Russianess yamaRussia.
Kwangelo xesha, ukunkqonkqoza umva ngenxa yokugxekwa, urhulumente kunye nebhanki ephakathi echasa ukuhanjiswa kwe "Imali yehelikopta" - imingxunya engalawulekiyo "- zinjalo.
Kwaye ke uVladimir uPin wagqiba kwelokuba ahlawulise zonke iintsapho nabantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweli-16 yamawaka ali-10 ama-ruble. Kwinyanga kamva, kuphinda-phinda i-trancheche, ngeli xesha abazali babantwana abakwiminyaka eyi-0 kuye kweli-16 babephakathi kwethamsanqa. Imali yahlawulwa ngokwengxelo ngokusebenzisa iPortal yeNkonzo yeLizwe. Ingeniso yeentsapho ayizange ithathele ingqalelo.
Ayingabo bonke abantu baseRussia abasabela kakuhle kwezi ntlawulo. Uninzi lwalucaphukisa ukusika ubudala. Ngokukodwa, abaninzi bavakalisa ezona zinto zimbi kwicala leziqinisekiso zeminyaka, bebuza kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo: "Kwaye emva kokuba abantwana abayi-16 bengacingeli abantwana?".
Ngo-Agasti, abantu baphinda babenexhala: Ngaba ihlawulwe i-tranche ihlawula i-tranche? Izicelo ezininzi kwizicelo zeNtetho kaMongameli ifuna intlawulo ihlawula amawaka kwakhona ukuqokelela abantwana esikolweni, ezishiywe zingaphendulwanga.
Urhulumente wandiyala ukuba abantu baya kuphila imali ehlawulwe: baya kuhamba bayichitha le mali kwi-ferery, ivenkile, ivenkile, ezichitha ixesha kunye nokuzonwabisa, zirhoxise kwingxaki. Isicwangciso asisebenzi. Njengokuba kuboniswa izibalo, le mali ihlehlise "ngosuku olumnyama" okanye ichithwe kwezi ndawo zingachaphazeli umlinganiso wemveliso nangayiphi na indlela.
Ngendlela, phambi kweholide zoNyaka oMtsha, abazali nabagcini babantwana, ngaphandle kwemali, nokuba ingeniso ifumene enye i-tranche-i-ruble amahlanu, eyabangela ukungoneliseki kwabo bangakhange bahlawulwe.
Sithatha iidiphozithi: Uphethe phi imali
Unyaka waba yintlekele kwabo bahlala kwimodeli yolondolozo-ukhetha ukugcina kwaye uhlehlise ukuthengiswa, kodwa ungathathi mboleko. Iidipozithi zebhanki zaqala ukudiliza. Ukuba ngoJanuwari 1, 2020, inani eliphambili lebhanki yaseRussia yayiyi-6.25% ngonyaka, ke ngo-2021 inani elingenayo, ukuphulukana neepesenti ezimbini - 4.25%.
Ngoku igalelo likwinqanaba eliphezulu le-4% ngonyaka - into evela kwindawo yentsomi. Ngapha koko, kuya kufuneka ufeze iimeko ezininzi, umzekelo, ukubeka imali ebalulekileyo kwi-akhawunti, ungazeki kwaye ungayisusi izixhobo ze-IIS okanye i-inshurensi ye-IIS okanye i-inshurensi eqokelayo.
Kule meko, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ekupheleni kuka-2020 kufuneka kuphakanyelwe kune-4% ecwangcisiweyo ngonyaka. Ke, abanini mirhumo elawula kulo nyaka bazuze nantoni na.
Abantu bakuqonda oku ngoku, kwaye baqala ukwenza imali ngeentsuku zokuqala zendawo yokuhlala - kwakamsinya nje emva kokubhengeza irhafu kwiidipozithi. Abanye babefuna ukuhlehlisa abaqokelelweyo kumqamelo wokuchitha apha ngoku, abanye babefuna ezinye iindlela.
Iingxowa-mali ezininzi zibhabha kwiiakhawunti zika-Eskrow. Ukubala engqondweni, yimalini igumbi kwinqanaba lomgodi, kwaye malunga nemali enokuthengiswa esele igqityiwe kwikhaya eligqityiweyo, abantu abaninzi batyalwe imali kwindlu. Ukunyuka kwesidingo seZindlu kunye neNkqubo kaRhulumente yeMalimuTelial Fouonet Imakethi yemakethi: Ekupheleni konyaka, amaxabiso aphezulu asezantsi atsiba kakhulu.
Abanye abanini beediphozithi babephila kwidiphozithi, ukuphulukana nomsebenzi. Okwesithathu baya kubatyali-mali. Inani le-IIS elivulekileyo kulo nyaka laphula zonke iirekhodi. Kwimizamo yesivuno, abemi ngenkuthalo baqalisa ukuthenga iimveliso zotyalo mali kwiibhanki ezifanayo. Inkathazo yayivela apho bengazange balinde. Ekupheleni konyaka, jonga ukuba bangaphi abantu abatshisiweyo kwiiakhawunti ezingaziwayo, kwaye ngobulungisa bakhalaza malunga ne-bhanki yaseRussia, umlawuli ucele ukunciphisa umda weemveliso zotyalo-mali, ezingekahambisi Amasebe otyalo-mali eebhanki kunye nenkampani. Ishishini liza kuphuma njani kule meko - iya kwaziwa kuphela kwi-2021.
Isishwankathela phezulu
Kulo lonke uqoqosho lwehlabathi, unyaka wawungalunganga. Imbi kakhulu. Ingxaki engeyiyo yezemali iphantse yangcwatywa intengiso ye-hydrocarbon, ishishini lokwenza izinto kunye namanye amashishini. Kumanenekazi apho bekukho iinkonzo ze-diediital-Inkampani kunye neenkonzo zokuhambisa. Kule-2020 yokugqibela, yaqala ukuba yindawo yokuhlala yegolide.
Izizwe ezilungileyo, amazwe aliqela sele esungule ugonyo olukhulu ngokuchasene ne-Coronavirus, ethambisa abatyali-mali kwaye inika inkuthazo yokubuyisela uqoqosho lwehlabathi. I-Optial kwimarike ihlala ithululwa emngciphekweni kunye nomdla kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho eRussia. Ukusuka kwimingcipheko yehlabathi yelizwe kuhlala - iyohlwaya yaseMelika entsha kunye neengxabano kufutshane nemida.
Ezona ngcali zinesibindi zibonisa ukungqina okomelezwa kwenkunkuma phakathi kwe-2021, eya kuthi ilandelwe kwangoko ngenxa yolwando lwamaxabiso eoyile. Enoba eso siprofetho siyeza kuzalisekiswa - akukho mntu unokuthetha ngokuzithemba. Njengoko kubonisiwe i-2020-yonke into inokutshintsha ngexesha elinye.