Abahleli be- basenkiros.ru bafingqa unyaka ophumayo. Manje sizotshela ngezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu zezezimali ezenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-12 futhi ziboniswe emnothweni wezwe kanye nama-wallet amaRussia.
ICoronacrisis: Ukuqala
Kakade ngoJanuwari, ibiyazi igciwane elisha elingaziwa, iChina elijabulisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi esekude, amahlaya kuphela kwi-Intanethi ebangelwa. Akuzona zonke izakhamizi ezaziqonda ukungathi sína kwesimo, futhi ezinye aziqondi kuze kube manje. Kodwa-ke, babekhona nalabo abanesibindi yonke imikhiqizo emashalofini, kufaka nosawoti kanye ne-pasta.
Isifo esisha, ehlukaniswe ngokushesha ngumhlaba, faka umnotho wezwe nokukhiqizwa "esitobhini". Owokuqala waphendulwa ngezimakethe ze-hydrocarbon kanye nezimali zamazwe asathuthuka lapho i-ruble ingeyakhe khona. Uwoyela wehla ngentengo engezansi kwama- $ 20 ngemgqomo ngakunye, futhi ngosuku olulodwa ngokulethwa okusondelene nalo ube ngentengo engemihle: Abatshalizimali, bavele bangamafutha, bonke ama-WAREHHOVE babevaliwe. Ngakho-ke, banikezwa "ngenxa yalokho", futhi bakhishwe ngenhla ukuba bathathe.
Lesi simo sonakalise izinkampani eziningana zamafutha aseMelika, futhi u-Opec + waphinde wahlala etafuleni lokuxoxisana futhi ahehe amanye amazwe ezingxoxweni. Manje uwoyela ubuyisela isikhundla sayo, kanye nethemba elikhulu phakathi kochwepheshe abaprofethayo kuma-2021 68 ama-dollar ase-US umgqomo webhaneli laseSiberia eliphakeme. Ngabe isibikezelo sizofezeka? Isikhathi sibonisa isikhathi. Kuningi manje kuya ngokuthi aphathwe yi-American Surnction Administration entsha azosuswa kubavukuzi bamafutha ngamunye. Uma kunjalo, izimakethe zingahleka kumafutha ashibhile angalawulwa. Lesi simo, noma sizoba sesikhashana, sizokwenza umnikelo waso ongemuhle ezimakethe.
Ukudla kwe-ruble
Idola lonyaka wamanje lawa ngo-20%. Kuya e-Euro - ngo-30%. Labo abakwazile ukuthenga "ama-Europeans" kanye "nabaseMelika" ekuqaleni konyaka babegibele amahhashi. Labo abake bahumushe phambilini ama-ruble abo ekutshaleleni kwezimpahla zegolide lokutshala imali baphenduke eGolden Kon. Uhlamvu lwemali oludume kakhulu lwaseRussia lwe-Georgy Victoronec luthathe ngentengo cishe kabili. Futhi namanje ayiwi.
Kepha isivuno esinzima kakhulu saboniswa i-cryptocurrency. Izinga eliphakathi kwesisindo se-bitcoin kusihlwa ngoDisemba 30, 2020, ngokusho kwe-portal bankiros.ru, cishe amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingama-28. Okwesibili, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekutshalweni kwemali kwavela ukuthi kube ama-akhawunti wensimbi angenamandla ePalladium.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, kulo nyaka, njengengxenye yokwesekwa komnotho wayo, i-US Federal Reserve yashicilelwa amadola ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi. Imali yasatshalaliswa emphakathini ukuze abantu basinde okukhiyiwe nasekulimazekeni kwezinkampani emkhakheni wezinsizakalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, idola labuza, kepha alizange liwe.
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lokungaqiniseki komhlaba, abatshalizimali bathenge kahle amadola, bashiya izimpahla zokuvikela futhi basheshe bathole imali eyingozi yamazwe asathuthuka. Njengomphumela - Idola liseyimigwaqo, i-ruble ibuthakathaka.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezehlakalo zentela yengeniso yomuntu siqu
Entwasahlobo yalo nyaka, lapho ubhubhane lufika eRussia, uMongameli uVladimir Putin wafaka isikhalazo kaningi esizweni. Ekuqaleni, inhloko yombuso yathumela amaRussia ukuba ihlale evikini lasekhaya, bese kuhlukaniswa isikhathi sendawo yonke.Ukugcwalisa ukulahleka kwesabelomali okubangelwa ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela, isidingo sokuxhasa ibhizinisi, ozisebenzelayo, ongasebenzi kanye nemindeni nezingane, uPutin umemezele ukwethulwa kwezindlela eziningi zentela ngasikhathi sinye.
Isinyathelo siphenduke abantu bokuqala futhi esijabulisa kakhulu. Ukuqala kwakuyintela kuma-deposits: Kusukela ngo-2021, ama-NDFL at ngo-13% azobhekana nenzalo etholwe kuma-Druphonce atholwe kuma-REPITS angenhla kwezigidi ezingama-42.5 Susa umkhiqizo wama-ruble ayisigidi kanye nokubheja okusemqoka ngoJanuwari 1 ka-Israyeli okwamanje). Ngasikhathi sinye, intela ngeke ithathwe kulokho okuqoqiwe, kepha kuqokelwe amabhange.
Lezi zindaba zabangela ukuba kubi phakathi kwabantu, ukuthi kwenzekani, sizotshela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isinyathelo sesibili saphenduka sanda kwe-NDFL ka-15% kulabo abahola ama-ruble angaphezu kwezigidi ezinhlanu ngonyaka. Imali etholakala ngaphezulu kwaleli nani izojatshulelwa ngentela ekhuphukayo.
Enye into, engabalulekile kwizakhamizi ezijwayelekile, kepha ibalulekile emnothweni wezwe - inkinga yokuhoxiswa kwemali isuka e-Offshore. UMongameli waphakamisa inani lentela kubahlali nabangewona abahlali, okuletha imali ngeCyprus nakwamanye amazwe ezaziwa ngentela encane.
Imali enophephela emhlane
Ngemuva kokuba zonke izindlu zisedolobheni, imali emaphaketheni amaRussia yaqala ukushesha. Ngubani ongazange axoshe (kulabo abalahlekelwe umsebenzi wabo, inzuzo eyandayo yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi yakhishwa ngenani lemali ephansi yesifunda), ithunyelwe eholidini noma edobini elikude. Lokhu kudale okungalungile kakhulu kunokungeniswa kwama-cubes amakhodi kanye nezinhlawulo zokwephula umbuso okhethekile osungulwe ezifundeni eziningi.
Ngokushesha nje lapho amanye amazwe eqala ukusekela izakhamizi zawo ngokwezezimali, amaRussia aqala ukudala izicelo ngesidingo sokusabalalisa imali kubantu. Abahlaziyi kanye nochwepheshe babantu abasekelwa: Ivila kuphela elingasikisela ukuthi "khwela ku-cube" - ukuvula isikhwama sezenhlalo yezwe futhi sabelane ngokucebile kwaseRussia namaRussia anamaRussia.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kungqongqoza ekugxekeni, uhulumeni kanye nebhange eliphakathi nendawo aphikisana nokusatshalaliswa kwe- "Helikopta imali" - imisele engalawulwa kuwo wonke umuntu futhi njengaleyo.
Futhi-ke uVladimir Putin wanquma ukukhokhisa yonke imindeni enezingane ezisuka eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwengama-16 yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Ngemuva kwenyanga, iTranche iphindaphindwa, kulokhu abazali bezingane abaneminyaka engu-0 kuye kwengama-16 babephakathi kwabanenhlanhla. Imali yakhokhwa ngokuya ngesitatimende nge-portal yenkonzo yombuso. Imali engenayo yemindeni ayizange icabangele.
Akuwona wonke amaRussia asabele kulezi zinkokhelo kahle. Abaningi bathukuthelela iminyaka yobudala. Ikakhulu, abaningi bazwakalise okubi ekuqondisweni kwesiqu sobudala, babuza ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi: "Futhi ngemuva kwezingane eziyi-16 aziceli izingane?".
Ngo-Agasti, abantu baphinde bakhathazeka: Ngabe i-tranche yesithathu ikhokha? Izicelo eziningi ekhelini likaMongameli zifuna ukukhokha imali eyi-10 ukuphinda ukuqoqa izingane ziye esikoleni, zishiywe zingaphendulwa.
Uhulumeni wanweba ukuthi abantu bazophila ngemali ekhokhwayo: bazohamba bayosebenzisa lezi zimali ezitolo zokudla, izitolo zezingubo, bachitha emizweni nakwezokuzijabulisa, ezingase ziyenze ngokushesha kule nhlekelele. Uhlelo alusebenzanga. Njengoba izibalo zikhombisile, le mali ihlehlise "usuku olunsundu" noma oluchithwa kulezo zindawo ezingazange zithinte isilinganiso somkhiqizo nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ngale ndlela, ngaphambi kwamaholide oNew New, abazali kanye nabaqaphi bezingane kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa, noma ngabe imali ithola enye i-tranche - ama-runches ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, okubangela ukunganeliseki nalabo abangakhokhelwa.
Sithatha ama-Deposits: Uthathe kuphi imali
Unyaka waba yinhlekelele kulabo abahlala kwimodeli yokonga - ukhetha ukusindisa nokuhlehlisa ukuthenga, kepha ungathathi mboleko. Amadiphozithi asebhange aqala ukwehla. Uma ngoJanuwari 1, 2020, inani elisemqoka leBhange laseRussia lalingu-6.25% ngonyaka, kwathi ngo-2021 umdwebo angena, alahlekelwe ngamaphesenti amabili - 4.25%.
Manje umnikelo usezingeni elingenhla kwe-4% ngonyaka - okuthile okuvela endaweni eqanjiwe. Eqinisweni, kuzofanele ugcwalise izimo eziningana, ngokwesibonelo, ukubeka inani elibalulekile lokulandisa, ungaphinde ugcwalise futhi ungasusi amathuluzi isikhathi esithile noma ukuhlehlisa ingxenye yemali ku-IIS noma umshuwalense wokuqongelela.
Kulokhu, ukwehla kwamandla emali engxenyeni ka-2020 kufanele kube ngaphezulu kunokuba kuhlelwe ama-4% ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi bama-ruble anikela ngalo kulo nyaka bathole cishe lutho.
Abantu bakuqonda lokhu ngaso leso sikhathi, futhi baqala ukwenza imali emuva ezinsukwini zokuqala zedwa - ngokushesha lapho uPutin ememezela intela kuma-deposits. Abanye bafuna ukuhlehlisa lokho kuqongelelwa emcameni ukuze basebenzise imali lapha nakulokhu, abanye bebefuna ezinye izindlela.
Izimali eziningi zindiza ziye kuma-akhawunti ka-Eskrow. Ukubala engqondweni, malini efulethini esigabeni sePit, nokuthi kungathengiswa malini ekhaya eliqediwe, izakhamizi eziningi zitshalwe ngokoqobo kwezindawo ezithengiswayo. Isidingo esandayo sezindlu kanye nohlelo lwezwe lwempahla ethanda imali ebabazekayo egxile emakethe: Ekupheleni konyaka, amanani entengo yezezindlu agxume kakhulu.
Amanye ama-Deposit Bamba ahlala kuma-deposits, elahlekelwe ngumsebenzi. Okwesithathu baya kubatshalizimali. Inani le-IIS evulekile kulo nyaka liphule wonke amarekhodi. Emzamweni othile wesivuno, izakhamizi zaqala ukuthenga imikhiqizo yokutshala imali emabhange afanayo. Inkinga yavela lapho bengalindi khona. Ekupheleni konyaka, kubona ukuthi bangaki abantu abashiswe kuma-akhawunti angaziwa, bese bekhononda ngokulunga ngocingo lweRussia Federation, uMlawuli wabuza ukuthi anciphise ukuthengiswa kwemithombo yokutshalwa kwemali enabatshalizimali abangafaneleki, abangahambisi kahle Iminyango yokutshalwa kwezimali yamabhange kanye nenkampani. Izamabhizinisi izophuma kanjani kulesi simo - izokwaziwa kuphela kwi-2021 ezayo.
Ukufingqa
Kuwo wonke umnotho womhlaba wonke, unyaka wawukubi. Kubi kakhulu. Inkinga engeyona yezezimali yacishe yangcwaba izimakethe ze-hydrocarbon, imboni yezokukhiqiza kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi. Emantombazaneni bekukhona nezinsizakalo zenkampani ye-DEADITEL NOKUKHULULWA. Oko-2020 odlule, kwaba yindawo yokuhlala yegolide.
Kwabahle, amazwe amaningana asevele eqale ukugoma okukhulu ngokumelene ne-coronavirus, ethambisa abatshalizimali futhi anikeze isisusa sokubuyisela umnotho womhlaba. Okuhle ezimakethe kuhlala kuthululelwa ezingozini nasezithakazelweni ezothuthukisa ezomnotho lapho iRussia ingeyakabona khona. Ezingcupheni zomhlaba wonke zezwe kwasala - unswinyo olusha lwaseMelika nezingxabano eduze kwemingcele.
Ochwepheshe abanesibindi kakhulu babikezela ukuqiniswa kwe-ruble maphakathi ne-2021, ezolandela ngokushesha ukwanda kwamanani kawoyela. Ukuthi isibikezelo sizofezeka - akekho ongasho ngokuzethemba. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngo-2020 - konke kungashintsha ngephuzu elilodwa.