Kwindlu yomthi kwigadi ye-Lopukhinsky, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cottage ye-gromov, izakuvula iziko lobugcisa, i-iratotor yakhe iya kuba nguKryukt Sullity-Ulawulo lweSithili sePetrograd sabhengeza ukhuphiswano lweprojekthi yakhe. NgoNovemba wama-2020, ukubuyiselwa kwendlela yokwakhiwa kwaphela.
"Iphepha" elipapasha inxenye ye-imeyile ye-Alexey shishkin evela kwi-veki "amabali amangalisayo kwizindlu ze-St. Funda ngendlela i-cheokhov eyayikho apha, kutheni le-150 kwiminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo, i-New York Intandanesi yabhala ukuba i-cottalists ibhala ukuba i-cottage yi "into yemilingo" inyanzelekile kule ndlu.
Yayiyintoni i-Lopukhin kaGade 200 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo
Igama elidala leSitratomicaian Pallova - Lopukhinskaya. Kukho negadi ye-Lopukhinsky, eyakhe yaqhelanisa ngakumbi kunamhlanje, kude kube ngokungamaGrike ngoku. Kulula ukuqikelela ukuba igama kunye nezitrato, kwaye umyezo wenzekileyo kwigama labanini ababekho - ekuqaleni kwe-Xix, ipropathi kwiSiqithi seKix yeLopukhin.
Igama "Lopukhhinskaya" lafunyanwa kwi-queds kule fani ye-Petrovic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhic Lopukhin, kwaye nokuba abanini-phepha-i-Kochuby noWielgorski - isitrato siqhubekile ukuya kwigama elidala.
Igadi esasazeka kumacala omabini endlela azisa abantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba bathandane: "Kuhlala kukho impatho enkulu yexhama kwipaki enkulu yenkosana. Inkosi yahlala yonwabile kwaye ihleli ekuhleni, kwaye rhoqo abaphulaphuli yayigcwala kucingo lwaKhe, ukumamela ikwayala yemvumi yakhe enqabileyo. "
Emva kwentengiso yeli lizwe ngonyaka ka-1820, inxalenye yomyezo wafunyanwa eluntwini, kwaye kunye neziko elimnandi elibizwa ngokuba yi-Huriss Herkheyw, i-symphony ye-Sleokhest kunye ne-Hungary Sychestra kunye nabaphulaphuli. Kwakukho amashumi eminyaka, ngonyaka we-1849 imagazini "i-Sovremennik" yakhankanya le ndawo yokutyela ngomculo phakathi kweholide ye-Sttersburg. Kwaye ngo-1848, eyona ndawo iphambili yomyezo iphinde yatshintsha umniniyo. Umnini omtsha ngumthengisi vasily vallulovich gromov.
Ngubani oduduma nokuba amaCaphu amaphephandaba ase-US abhale kwilizwe lakhe
Ifani yendudumo, kunye negama le-LOpukhini, elungiselelwe kwimephu yesixeko. Ukuba, ujonge kwisicwangciso seSt. Petersburg, ujonge indawo yesango le-Mscow, uyakufumana isitrato esibonelelweyo esikufuphi, kwaye kuyo kukho i-gromovsky yamandla amangcwaba. Kwathiwa igama lakhe, ngokuzukisa uTasilely Gromova, eFendla Grigoorievich. Wayelihlathi etyebileyo, umncedisi, uMdali weNkosi "ye-alekrinnitsky" - enye yezoluntu lwezinto zehlabathi liphela lehlabathi liphela. Ngo-1848, uFedul Gromov wasweleka, eshiya ihlathi lakhe esitshutshise kulowo mkhulu nonyana olizibulo kunye nemeko enkulu.
Ngokungxama kwaye ngokwakhe ngelo xesha uzibandakanya ekonyukeni kwemali enkulu. Phantsi kophawu "gromov kunye ne-CO." Wakhela iifektri zenzuzo ezincedisayo, enikezwe ngamahhala kubantu kunye nombuso. Ukongeza, ngo-1829 watshata ngempumelelo intombi ye-St. Petersburg Trais Yakovlev. Kuyinyani, kwakuyimfuneko ukutshintshela kwi-Orthodoxy ukuya kwinzaliseko yomtshato onokufumana inzuzo, kodwa i-Feddul Grigorich yasikelela ngenyathelo.
Thanda imbali ye-St. Petersburg? Bhalisa kwincwadana yengingqi yeLore ?
I-vasily feelovich's feelovich's fedheisseur kunye nobabalo lwe-vilovich luqala ngokutsha kweGadi yaseLopukhin. Uyalela ukuba yi-Georgiact Georgia Wirbalter (njengoko wayengabizwanga - kwaye i-Ender, ne-Eugene, kunye noIgene, kodwa ukubuya kwi-Geunger eMgadi ukuya kwi-Geoging entsha kwiPaki, kwaye UAdeager Alexander Gornostayev - ukwakha ubunzima beeoranda ezahlukeneyo.
Kumnqweno wokugqibela, uthando lukaGromov kwi-botanic lubonakalisiwe. Wayengomnye wabasungulili abali-12 kwi-Rubrial Pomuciars yabalimi, izazinzulu zathi zabizwa ngokuba sisityalo kwimbeko - i-chertopolopoloch yavulelwa eMzantsi Merika Pulchella. Ukongeza kwizityalo ezikumagqwirha olwenziwe kwi-commov ebandakanyeke kwigadi yomoya ovulekileyo. Ndikunye nomgcini wegadi yeGadisov, wafika eLopukhinsky Park, enike imiyalelo yokwakha iintyatyambo, iibhlorho ezisebenzisa iichibi, imithombo, ukuxhobisa i-pilicol yomculo.
"Igadi yenziwa kakuhle. Indlu yema ukuba ibhotwe lilizwe. Imithombo ebetha ngayo, kwabakho i-pier yokuhambisa kunye nesikhephe esikhanyayo sokuhamba, kwaye kwenye indawo yokungena yayiyindawo entle yelondolozwe, apho bekukho iholide enkulu ye-Ensunt phantsi kwemithi enkulu yesundu kunye nezinye izityalo ezinqabileyo. Wayethanda iintyatyambo, kwaye indlu yakhe yayinomhlobiso onobungozi unyaka wonke. Wayewathanda amahashe, ukuzinza kwakhe kwakuqala. Umculo wayekwangu-Akin kuye. Ngamanye amaxesha wayecula ngokwakhe, njengoko wayesazi ukuba iindwendwe zinike zonke iikonsathi, zimema konke abantu abadumileyo belizwe lomculo weSttersburg. Itheyibhile yayihlala ivule rhoqo, kokubini kweli lizwe nasezixekweni, ukunyanga rhoqo i-wayini kunye ne-cuisine entle. Uye wakuthanda ukupeyinta, ubugcisa kunye namagcisa, "yatsho i-buddler ye-vasily gromov, umculi kaMaristra uAlexey Bogolyubov.
Kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumthengisi, yayiyindawo yokuhlala eyayithandayo, i-gothtage ngokuvakala ngokupheleleyo kweLizwi. Ukuhlala umnini wayehlala apha, kodwa kwindawo yendlu kwi-Embankanka, kufutshane neZiko leSixeko.
Ngo-1866, yayinguDacha Gromova owanyulwa ngesixhobo sokwamkela ukuhlonipha okufika kwikoyini yaseRussia ye-american entsha yaseMelika. Ngokwalo mbandela, iphephandaba laseNew York New York Gerald upapashe inkcazo yomthengisi yeVina:
"I-Cottage Mnu Gromov kwi-hocoration yakhe kunye nobuhle bayo imele into yemilingo: izityalo, imithombo, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwaye icwangciswe ngoluhlobo olunjalo nolwazi. Igadi yayikhanyiswe ngamawakawaka ezibane izibane, kwaye ukukhanya kombane kujolise kumanzi, kukhanyisa amanzi atshiza abe yimibala eyahlukeneyo nemangalisayo. Lo mfanekiso wawunempumelelo egadini nasekhaya. "
Kwaye xa umboniso wamazwe aphesheya oqhutywa yi-St. Petersburg ngoMeyi 1869, imini yonke yenkqubo yeendwendwe zaphesheya yayizinikele kuviwo lwegadi yeGrelovov. I-botany yelinye ilizwe langaphandle yayivuyela ukuqhubela phambili komthengisi we-fan of i-slemovia pulchella iposwe epakini, ibethembisa ngeelebheli ngamagama abo.
Kodwa kungekuphela nje izazinzulu, amagcisa kunye neediplomats angayithanda i-gromovsky yegadi. I-vasily thedovich ivula impahla yakhe wonke. Kwaye ngeMigqibelo, i-chef yendudumo nepaki yeendwendwe zepaki ziyitshizi zasimahla, ziyaphikisana kwinqaku elithi "Izindlu kunye nekamva. Dacha Gromova. I-Lopukhinsky Igadi ye-Lopukhinsky »I-Voulas evela kumathala eencwadi yecala lepetrograd
Njengokusweleka kukaGromov, i-cottage yaba yinxalenye yesakhiwo sedolophu
Emva kokubhubha komnini wokuqala ngo-1878, i-cottage yancedwa ngumntakwabo, umrhwebi ilyavich gromov. Kodwa, ngokungafaniyo nomzalwana notata, wayengenguye onesifomashishini. Ekupheleni kobomi beGromot-Jr., Wawela phantsi kwempembelelo epheleleyo yeqabane lakhe leshishini, elawula imicimbi yegqwetha Vladimir Rastkov-Rozhov. U-Ilya Gromov wasweleka ngo-1882, ukuba wayemva kunye nepropathi.
Oku komeleze isikhundla se-raft-roe kwikomkhulu, kungekudala baba yenye yezona ntsapho zinempembelelo kaSt.
Emva kwendudumo, i-cottage iguqule abanini abaninzi. Abanye babo babehlala ezindlwini ngokwabo, abanye bamphatha. Umzekelo, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1890, i-cottage isusa intatheli yempembelelo, umbhali kunye no-Geronim Yasinsky.
"Ekuqaleni kwe-1890s, i-St. I. Yasinsky ihlala kwi-DEC yeDUC Grov, ngelo xesha, A. CHEKHHIV. Ukususela ngo-1892, iCzechs ibisoloko i-chenokv. Indawo ifana kakhulu ne-Anton Pavlovich ukuba yena, ngelo xesha, 'afudukele' ngelo xesha, wagqiba kwelokuba aphile kwiNcwadi yeSiqithi i-Pharducaces.
Kwindinyana ngaphezulu kwababhali bachaza ngokwahlukeneyo ukuba i-Yasinsky isuse indlu engaseyinkiloni, kodwa njengendawo yokuhlala esisigxina. Ewe, ekupheleni kwe-Xix inkulungwane yokuphumla, ezi ndawo bezingafanelekanga. Ekupheleni kwe-Lopukhinskaya Street, ubunzima be "dufllon" zivele, kufutshane neZiko leNyaniso yovavanyo. Izakhiwo ezitsha zokuhlala zikhule kwiindawo ezingabamelwane njenge-mushroom. Kwaye apha ngo-1899, umnini wabucala wokugqibela we-Balady Alekssor Aleksandrovich Alferov Alferov Allerov Porry Park Park yeProvmovy Park yoPhuhliso. Ngaphambi kowe-1917, ushiya i-cottage kuphela kunye negadi encinci phakathi kweSitrato seNeva neLopukhinskaya. Kumazwe onke e-Alferov, iphakamisa ukubeka izitrato ezitsha: IVologda (iPuprigina), i-Perm (Gyabio), i-Ufa kunye neVYATKA (ngoku ayikho). Kwisithuba esilandelayo esilandelayo, uninzi lwangaphambili igadi incitshisiwe kulwakhiwo lwamakhaya amangeniso angama-5-6 anolondolozo kunye nentsebenziswano yezindlu.
U-Dacha waba sisitudiyo sikamabonwakude kwaye uwele njani ekuboleni
Emva kovukelo, i-cottari izihlandlo ezininzi itshintshe imisebenzi. Okwethutyana kukho ikhaya leHolide ye-stanganov, ke indlu yoovulindlela. Kuphela ngo-1937, isakhiwo safumana umnini-sigxina-i-Oltz, iZiko likaMabona kamabonwakude onamava. Ngeli xesha, iinjineli zerediyo zeridiyo ziye zasebenza ekuphuculeni itekhnoloji yeTV kwaye yazise kubomi baseSoviet iminyaka eliqela. Kodwa kwakungekho studio yesandla - yiyo le nto ukuhanjiswa okokuqala (kuse kweyona nto iphambili kuyo - imisebenzi yovavanyo lomsebenzi kumgama ophumileyo yeTV kwi-fontanka . Umzekelo, nge-14 kaFebruwari ngo-1937, i-Lengeradradradskaya yePravda inike ingxelo yokuba i-vniye itshintshelwe kwi-movie "chapaev".
Emva kwempumelelo yokuqala, kwagqitywa kwelokuba kudluliselwe kwi-gotate yangaphambili kwisitudiyo seTV kwi-TetVes. Kuyo, usasazo lwaluqhutywa kwiTVENGES olufakwe kwinkcubeko yamabhotwe ogama linguKapprav, kwizindlu zenkcubeko yeVasilileostsky, Vyborg naseVlodar. Ukongeza, ukudluliselwa ukusuka kwi-Gromovskaya Dacha ibukele iPoland yoovulindlela, ngokuzonwabisa kunye neekona ezibomvu zezona fektri ezinkulu kunye neefektri ezinkulu. Iintetho malunga neeTV zasekhaya kwi-USSR ngelo xesha ayizange ihambe.
I-Blogger Mikhail Katz ichaza okokuqala kwiSixeko saseTolererr kwinqaku lokuphononongwa "Ukuzalwa kweToviet Umabonakude":
"Ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa kutsha, uthumelo lwaqala ukusuka ngo-1938 ukusuka kwiZiko leTVE, eyayikwi-DACA PHIV V. F. Gromov. Ikhamera yeTV yeTV yemabonwakude yayimi kwi-tripod emiselweyo kwaye inelensi enye. Ukwenza isikrini esisondeleleneyo, uSomlomo kufanele ukuba abe kufutshane negumbi. Isixhobo sasingafezekanga kakhulu; Ngenxa yokunqongophala komoya, ubushushu kwi-pavilion pavilion yaphakanyiswa kwangoko ukuya kwi-40 degrees, kwaye abadlali bafihliweyo phantsi kwemingxunya kunye nee-wigs zomkhenkce. Inqanaba lomculo laqhutywa usebenzisa i-patefone. Kule mihla, abo basetyhini bokuqala basebenza kwiimeko ezinjalo ... Nangona kunjalo, iiTV zazisabiza kakhulu kwaye abamkeli bamabonakude be-38 ababekhona kwizindlu zenkcubeko. Usasazo lwenziwa ngeyure ngosuku, ngoko ke iifilimu zefilimu zaboniswa kumalungu: ukuqala namhlanje, ukuphela yimini elandelayo.
Umsebenzi wesitudiyo weTV kwilizwe waphazanyiswa ngexesha lemfazwe yemvelo enkulu, kodwa yaphinda yaqhubeka ngo-1947. Esona sakhiwo siphambili se-leningrad teltoventra gromovsky sahlala ukuya kwi-1960, xa kwamiselwa kwiSitalato i-Suprigina, 6. Into enomdla, yamiselwa kuyo i-Xix Dacha of Gromov. Ngexesha elithile, esi sakhiwo sasiye saziwa njengendlu ye-leninrad yeTV, kodwa igiya ngokuthe ngqo apha.
Ukusukela ngo-1970, isakhiwo saqala ukuncipha. Sele ngonyaka ka-1990, wayengenamsebenzi oqhubeka rhoqo. Ukwakhiwa kweefemu ezincinci zentengiso kwaqeshwa kwiindawo. Kwisakhiwo sika-2000 sakhiwo saza sashiywa kwaphela.
Ukuba nge-dacha gromova yenzeka ngoku
Umzamo omtsha wokuphefumla kubomi belizwe ngo-2013 wathatyathwa nguLawulo lweSithili sePetrogradd. Amagosa anikezelwa ukuze anike iZiko loLutsha lwe-Reclevescent "iPetrograds". Kwaye, naye, evunyelwe ukuba ahlawule kwisakhiwo ukuya kwi-Amateur "synthesis" yethiyetha. Kodwa kwavela ukuba kuya kuba yingxaki ukubeka intsebenzo.
"Kucacile ukumisela ikhaya, nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka: Ngoku akukho zonxibelelwano-akukho manzi, akukho bushushu okanye umbane. Kwiingcango zendlu yangasese eqhekekileyo kumgangatho wokuqala, umntu ovela kubabemi wangaphambili wabhala ucinga ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba usebenzise izinto eziphilayo. Udonga luqukenwe lubhaliwe nge-hieroglyphs ... switches kunye neziseko ziphathwa ngenyama-i-wiim ingevana jambs jambs emnyango. Indawo yomlilo we-chic kumgangatho wesibini akukho namnye kwakudala, akukho mntu wanyangwa, "imeko yeNdlu ngoFebruwari ngo-2014, uJulia Gallin, echaza imeko ka-dulia.
Kwaye okwangoku, ngenxa ye "synthesis" kunye nenzondelelo evela kumbutho wokuyila (Okwangoku), i-cottare ivulelwe ngokufutshane uluntu: bekukho imifanekiso emiboniso, imiboniso. Uninzi ngokuthe ngqo, ngenxa yomsebenzi we-curators, indawo yokuhlala evalelweyo yaguqukela ingqalelo kubasemagunyeni. Ngo-2016, ukubuyiselwa kwesayensi kokuqala kwamabala aqala ngo-2016. Igqityiwe ngoNovemba 2020. Kwaye kutsha nje ukuba abaphathi besixeko babhengeze ukhuphiswano ngoyilo lwe "iziko lobugcisa" esakhiweni. Kuyinyani, xa ivula kwaye yintoni eza kungeniswa-ayicacanga. Namhlanje, abantu abalimi bokwakha basaqhubeka, akukho nqanaba kumagumbi amaninzi.
Kuzo zonke iinguqu kwinkalo entsha yesakhiwo onokuyilandela kwiqela "Dacha Hander. Ukuvela ngokutsha ", ethi Thennthes" i-Synthesis "iqhutywa.
Kweli phepha "iphepha", umfundi wee-cotties ezindala kwi-filnish Gulf ixelela indlela i-komarov kunye ne-Derin Dacms ngaphambi kovukelo kunye nendawo emiseleyo yamakhaya abo. Kwaye apha ufunda udliwanondlebe nabantu bembali malunga nobomi beSt. Petersburg Dachnikov kwi-XVIII kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo.