Mu ngoro y'ibiti mu busitani bwa Lopukhinsky, uzwi ku izina rya Gromiv, ugiye gufungura hagati y'ubuhanzi, umuyoboro uzaba Kirt Andrei Andrei Andrei - ubuyobozi bw'akarere ka Petrograde - Ubuyobozi bw'Akarere ka Petrograbera cyatangaje ko hashyizweho amarushanwa umushinga we. Mu Gushyingo 2020, kugarura urusaku rw'inyubako yarangiye.
Ati: "Impapuro" tangaza igice cya imeri ya Alexey Shishkin kuva kugabura buri cyumweru "Amateka atangaje yo kugabura buri cyumweru" Amazu yabo ya St. Petersburg "yeguriwe Dammo ya GROMOV. Soma uburyo Chekhov yari iherereye hano, kuki hashize imyaka 150, abanyamakuru ba New York banditse ko akazu ari "ikintu gitangaje", na tereviziyo ya Leningrad itegekwa kuri iyi nzu.
Ubusitani bwa Lopukhin bumaze imyaka 200 bushize
Izina rya kera rya Pavlova - Lopukhinskaya. Hariho kandi ubusitani bwa lopukhinsky, rimwe na rimwe bwarambuye cyane kuruta uyu munsi, kugeza ku muhanda wo mu muhanda. Biroroshye gukeka ko izina n'umuhanda, kandi ubusitani bwabaye ku izina rya bahoze ari ba nyirubwite - mu ntangiriro ya XIX mu kirwa cya Farumasi yari afite umuryango wa Lopukhin.
Izina "Lopukhinskaya" ryarumiwe ku wa kabiri mu ngabo Kuva Abashitsi kuva muri aya mazina ya Pavrovic Lopukhin, ndetse na ba nyirubwite bakurikira - Kochuby na Wielgorski - Umuhanda wakomeje kuba mu ikarita munsi y'izina rya kera.
Ubusitani bwakwirakwiriye ku mpande zombi z'umuhanda byazanaga abo mu gihe cyarahimbye: "Buri gihe hariho umukumba munini w'impongo muri parike nini y'umuganwa. Umuganwa yabayeho ashimishije kandi kumugaragaro, kandi akenshi abumva barubashye uruzitiro rwe, bumva korari y'abacuranzi be. "
Nyuma yo kugurisha imitungo mu 1820, igice cy'ubusitani cyavumbuwe, kandi hamwe na we n'aho ari ikigo gishimishije cyitwa Villa "MORTY CherKhenyok, Orchestre ShorKonyok, Orchestre ya Symphony na Engiriya ya Violiniste. Yabayeho imyaka mirongo, mu 1849 iki kinyamakuru "Sovremennik" yavuze iyi resitora n'umuziki mu ncy'ibiruhuko bya St. Petersburg. Kandi mu 1848, igice kinini cyubusitani cyongeye guhindura nyirubwite. Nyirubwite mushya ni umucuruzi wa Fesil Fedilovich GROMOV.
Ninde inkuba kandi ko ibinyamakuru byo muri Amerika byanditse kubyerekeye igihugu cye
Izina ry'inkuba, kimwe n'izina rya Lopukhini, rihamye ku ikarita y'umujyi. Niba, ureba gahunda ya St. Petersburg, urareba aho uhantu h'irembo rya Moscou, noneho uzasangamo umuhanda wa kera cyane, kandi kuri yo hari irimbi ry'umwizera rishaje. Byaravuzwe rero icyubahiro cya Data Varova, Fedela Grigorievich. Yari ishyamba rikize ryagurishijwe, Umugiraneza, Umuremyi w '"uruhushya rwa Belokrininesky" - umwe mu baturage bashinzwe ibirindiro by'isi yose. Mu 1848, Fedul Gromov yapfuye, asiga umuhungu we w'imfura n'umubabaro mwinshi.
Muri icyo gihe kandi icyo gihe nicyo gihe cyagize uruhare runini mu kongera umurwa mukuru. Mu kimenyetso "GROMOV na Co." Yubatse inganda zunguka, yahaye abantu abantu na leta. Byongeye kandi, mu 1829 yashakanye neza n'umukobwa wa St. Petersburg ya Taras ya St. Petersburg ya Taras yakovlev. Nibyo, byari ngombwa guhinduranya orthodoxie kugirango isohozwa ryubukwe bwunguka, ariko Fedul Grigorievich yahawe imigisha nkiyi ntambwe.
Kunda amateka ya St. Petersburg? Iyandikishe kumurongo wa Lore yaho ?
Vesily Fedutseur's Clenoisseur ya Fenoisseur nubuntu bwa Fedilovich Vesilovich itangira kuvugurura ubusitani bwa Lopukhin ishaje. Yategetse ubwubatsi bwa Jeworuji Mugenzi wawe Alexander Gornostayev - Kubaka ingorabahizi yabatungute benshi.
Mu cyifuzo cyanyuma, urukundo rwa GROMOV kuri Botanika rwagaragajwe. Yari umwe mu bashinze imiryango 12 y'abahinzi b'Abahinzi, ndetse n'abashakashatsi bamwita igihingwa mu cyubahiro cye - Imana ya Chertopoloki yafunguye muri Amerika yepfo, yakiriye izina Gromovia Pulchella. Usibye ibimera muri Greenhouses ya Gromov yishora mu busitani bwuzuye. Hamwe na Fardenereye we Odesov, yageze mu ndabyo za parike ya Lopukhinsky, aha amabwiriza yo kubaka inkuta, ibiraro binyuze mu bice, amasoko, kugira ngo aha ibikoresho pavilion.
"Ubusitani bwakozwe neza. Inzu yahagaze ko ingoro ari igihugu. Fountains yatsinze, hari pier yoherezamo hamwe nubwato bworoshye bwo kugenda, kandi ku kindi gice cyubwinjiriro bwari icyatsi kibisi, aho rimwe na rimwe mu gihe cy'itumba hari ibiruhuko bikabije n'ibindi bimera bidafite ishingiro. Yakundaga indabyo, kandi inzu ye yari ifite uburibwe buhebuje umwaka wose. Yakundaga amafarasi, uhakara byari icyiciro cya mbere. Umuziki kandi wasaye. Rimwe na rimwe yaririmbaga, kuko yari azi ko abashyitsi batanze ibitaramo, batumira ibyamamare byose bya muzika ya St. Petersburg. Imbonerahamwe yari afite aho ifunguye buri gihe, haba mu gihugu no mu mujyi, kuvura buri gihe vino nziza n'icyombo cyiza. Umusemutungo wa Mastra, yakundaga kandi ibimenyetso, abahanzi bomerolubov.
Twabibutsa ko kubacuruzi, byari aho utuye mugihugu, akazu muburyo bwuzuye bwijambo. Guhora nyirayo nyirayo ntabwo yabayeho hano, ariko mu ngoro ku nkoni Fontanka, yegereye umujyi rwagati.
Mu 1866, yari Dachava watorewe kuba igikoresho cyo kwakira abantu kuhagera mu murwa mukuru w'Uburusiya wa Ambasaderi mushya w'Abanyamerika. Dukurikije iki kibazo, ikinyamakuru New York New York Gerald cyasohoye ibisobanuro bya Crancran Villa:
"Akazu Bwana Gromov mu mitako ye n'ubwiza byerekana ikintu gitangaje: ibimera, amasoko, ibishusho - ibishusho byose kandi bitondekanya uburyohe n'ubumenyi. Ubusitani bwaka ku matara ibihumbi, kandi urumuri rw'amashanyarazi rugamije isoko, rwandujije amazi atera amazi menshi n'amabara meza. Ishusho yari igitangaje kuba mu busitani no mu nzu. "
Kandi iyo imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryabereye i St. Petersburg mu myaka 1869, umunsi wose wa gahunda ya gahunda y'abashyitsi mu mahanga byatangiye gusuzuma ubusitani bwa Greyov. Amahanga Bogan yishimiye cyane iterambere ry'umucuruzi w'umufana ko ibicuruzwa bya Gromovia puplalla byashyizwe muri parike, byashyizwe muri parike, kubyanga ibirango n'amazina yabo amazina yabo.
Ariko ntabwo abahanga gusa, abahanzi nabadipolomate barashobora kwishimira ubusitani bwa Gromovsky. Vesily Fedulovich yafunguye isambu ye kuri buri wese. Ku wa gatandatu, chef yinkuba ndetse na parike kubashyitsi ba parike ni cheesecake yubusa, gutongana "amazu. Dacha Gromova. Ubusitani bwa Lopukhinsky »Folas mumasomero yimpande za petrograpp.
Nko nyuma y'urupfu rwa Gromiv, akazu yabaye igice cy'inyubako y'umujyi
Nyuma y'urupfu rwa nyirubwite mu 1878, akazu yarazwe murumuna we, umucuruzi Ilya Fedeulovich GROMOV. Ariko, bitandukanye na murumuna wa Data, ntabwo yari umucuruzi watsinze cyane. Mu mpera z'ubuzima bwa Gromot-Jr., Yaguye mu mbaraga zuzuye w'umufatanyabikorwa we, gucunga ibibazo by'Amategeko Vladimir Rastkov-Rozhov. Ilya GROMOV yapfuye mu 1882, amaze guhura n'umutungo.
Ibi byashimangiye umwanya wo gucika intege - umurwa mukuru mu murwa mukuru, bahise bahinduka imwe mu miryango ikomeye ya St. Petersburg.
Nyuma yinkuba, karaba yahinduye abandi benshi. Bamwe muribo babaga mu nzu ubwabo, abandi baramufata. Kurugero, mu ntangiriro ya 1890, akazu ukuraho umunyamakuru ukomeye, umwanditsi n'umwanditsi n'umwanditsi Jeronim Yasinsky.
Ati: "Mu ntangiriro ya 1890, abatavuga rumwe na Leta, I. Yasinsky yahoraga abahoze aryamye muri Dumrov, muri kiriya gihe. P. Chekhov. Kuva mu 1892, Cechs yakundaga cyane Chekhov. Iki gitabo cya Fazie na Luzhda Luirie na Luzhda Luirie na Luzhda Luirie babwirwa mu gitabo cya Luzhda Luirie kivugwa mu gitabo cya Lurcaceary cyabwiwe mu kindi kirwa cya Farcaceie kivugwa mu kinyamakuru cya Farurcewace kivuga ko icyo gihe Anton Pavlovich ko icyo gihe.
Mubice byavuzwe haruguru abanditsi basobanukirwa ko yasinsky yakuyeho inzu itagifite akazu, ariko nkinzu ihoraho. Mubyukuri, mu mpera za XIX IJAMBO RY'IGIHUGU CY'IGIHUGU, Aha hantu ntibyari bikwiye. Ku munsi wa Lopukhinskaya, igihingwa cya "dufllon" cyagaragaye, hafi y'Ikigo cy'ubuvuzi bw'ibigeragezo. Inyubako nshya zo guturamo zakuze mu turere duturanye nkibihumyo. Kandi hano muri 1899, nyir'abigenga wanyuma wa nyiri abanyamabanki FYIODOR Aleksandrovich alfurov yahisemo kugurisha byinshi mumwanya munini wa Gromovsky. Mbere ya 1917, asiga akazu gusa nubusitani buto hagati yumuhanda wa Neva na Lopukhinskaya. Mu bihugu bisigaye bya Alrezirov, byasabye gushyira mu mihanda mishya: Vologda (Chagigina), Perm (GAF na Vyatka (ubu ntibibaho). Mu myaka icumi n'igitagatifu n'igice gikurikiraho, abahoze mu busitani bwahoze bagabanijwe mu iyubakwa ry'inzu 5 za 5-6-6--6 z'amadozi n'amakoperative y'imiturire.
Uburyo Dacha yabaye studio ya tereviziyo nuburyo yaguye mu kubora
Nyuma yimpinduramatwara, akazu inshuro nyinshi yahinduye imikorere. Mu gihe gito hari inzu y'ibiruhuko ya chafferuru ya Stakhanov, hanyuma inzu y'abapayiniya. Gusa mu 1937, inyubako yabonye nyirayo uhoraho - Oltz, ikigo cya tereviziyo ya Leningrad Leningrad. Muri iki gihe, abashakashatsi ba radiyo ya Leningrad bagiye bakora ku buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga rya tereviziyo no kubamenyesha ubuzima bw'Abasoviyeti imyaka myinshi. Ariko nta studio yatangajwe - niyo mpamvu zahinduwe ryambere (zikiri muburyo butaziguye - Ibikorwa byubushakashatsi bwo kwanduza amashusho) byakorewe mukubaka televiziyo ya Fontanka . Urugero, ku ya 14 Gashyantare 1937, iki kinyamakuru cya Leningradkaya cyatangaje ko umunyamakuru we yarebye VNIye kwimura firime "CAPAEV".
Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa mbere, byafashwe byemejwe kohereza akazu kahoze kuri studio ya TV kuri sitidiyo ya tereviziyo. Kuva muri yo, ibyatangajwe byakorewe kuri televiziyo byashizwe mu ngoro z'umuco cyitiriwe Kapranov, mu mazu yo mu muco wa Vasileostrovsky, VYRONG n'uturere dukora. Byongeye kandi, iyimurwa na Gromovskaya Damha yarebaga muri Polonye y'abapayiniya, mu myidagaduro n'umutuzo utukura munganda nini ninganda. Vuga ibyacu bya TVSo murugo muri kissr muri kiriya gihe kitaragendera.
Blogger Mikhail Katz yasobanuye ibya mbere mu mujyi wa Tolerentr mu rwego rwo gusuzuma ingingo yo gusuzuma "kuvuka kwa televiziyo y'Abasoviyeti":
"Bisanzwe, ariko ngufi, kwanduzwa byatangiye kuva 1938 bivuye mu kigo cya tereviziyo, cyari giherereye mu kigo cyahoze cya televiziyo V. F. GROMOV. Kamera ya tereviziyo yonyine yahagaze kuri trapode ihamye kandi ifite lens imwe. Kugira ngo ufate ecran yo hafi, uwatanze disikuru yari akwiye kwegera Urugereko. Igikoresho cyari kidatunganye cyane; Kubera kubura guhumeka, ubushyuhe muri Pasilion yarerewe icyarimwe kugera kuri dogere 40, kandi abakinnyi bihisha munsi ya kaburimbo n'igituba. Umuziki uherekeje wakozwe ukoresheje patefone. Muri iki gihe, televiziyo ya mbere yakoraga mu bihe ... ariko, TVs yari ikiri zihenze kandi abakira televiziyo 38 ba mbere bari mu ngo z'umuco. Gutangazwa byakozwe mu isaha kumunsi, niko amashusho aranga amashusho yerekanwe mu bice: Intangiriro uyumunsi, imperuka ni umunsi ukurikira. "
Imirimo ya tereviziyo muri iki gihugu yahagaritswe mu gihe cy'intambara ikomeye yo gukunda igihugu, ariko yongeye mu 1947. Inyubako nyamukuru y'amato ya Leningrad Teltoluntra Gromovsky yagumye kugeza mu 1960, iyo ikigo gishya, cyuzuye mu gitera cyo guhaza umuhanda, 6. Igishimishije, aho yubatswe hagati ya XIX; nacyo cyafashwe Dachav. Igihe kimwe, inyubako yari izwi ku izina rya tereviziyo ya Leningrad, ariko ibikoresho bitaziguye ntibyasize hano.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 70, inyubako yatangiye kugabanuka. Mu myaka ya za 90, ntabwo yongeye gukora imirimo. Kubaka ibigo bito byubucuruzi byakodeshwaga mubice. No mu nyubako ya 2000 kandi yaratereranywe na gato.
Ko hamwe na Dacha Gromova biraba ubu
Kugerageza gushya guhumeka mu buzima bw'igihugu muri 2013 cyafashwe n'ubuyobozi bw'akarere ka petrograbera. Abayobozi bahawe gutanga ingimbi-urubyiruko "petrogradedets". Na we yemerewe gutura mu nyubako kuri Theatre "synthesis". Ariko byaragaragaye ko bizatera ikibazo cyo gushyiramo imikorere.
Ati: "Biroshya gushiraho mu ngonge, ntibishoboka: Noneho nta itumanaho - nta mazi, nta bushyuhe cyangwa amashanyarazi. Ku rusengero rw'umusarani wacitse mu igorofa rya mbere, umuntu wo mu bahoze mu baturage batekereje kwandika ko bidashoboka gukoresha ibinini. Urukuta rwanditswe na Hieroglyphs idasanzwe ... kuzunguruka no gusesengura hanyuma soko ryamenetse inyama - insinga zumuryango utishoboye. Ifi ya Chic ku igorofa ya kabiri Nta muntu wa kabiri umaze igihe kinini, nta muntu wavuwe. "
Kandi, tubikesha "synthesis" hamwe nabakunzi bava mu ishyirahamwe ryaremye rya curage (ikiriho), akazu karakinguye gato kuri rubanda: Hariho ibitaramo, amashusho ya firime, imurikagurisha. Benshi mubyukuri, babikesheje ibikorwa bya curari, amayoto yakarengeje yateye inkunga abayobozi. Muri 2016, hasubijwe mu buryo bwa siyansi yasubijwe mu ndito z'abakabako zatangiye muri 2016. Yarangije mu Gushyingo 2020. Kandi vuba aha abayobozi bo mu mujyi batangaje amarushanwa yo gushushanya kw'igishushanyo cya "Centre y'ubuhanzi" mu nyubako. Nibyo, iyo bifunguye nibizatangwa - ntibisobanutse. Muri iki gihe, intera y'inyubako iracyari itondekanya, nta magorofa mu byumba byinshi.
Kugirango impinduka zose mugice gishya cyinyubako ushobora gukurikiza mumatsinda "Dachan Inkuba. Kuvuka ubwa kabiri, ikinamico "ya" Synthesis "cyakorwa.
Muriyi mpapuro ", umunyeshuri wumusaka ushaje wa Finilande avuga uburyo Komarov na Recon babaye mbere yimpinduramatwara nibisigazwa byingo zabo. Hano soma ibiganiro nabanyamateka kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa St. Petersburg Dachnikov muri Xviii-Xix ibinyejana.