Esikhathini se-mansion sokhuni eLopukhinsky Garden, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cottage of Gromov, izovula maphakathi nezobuciko, okuzoba yi-Corkruk BDT andrei mogility - ukuphathwa kwesifunda sase-petrograd kumemezele umncintiswano wephrojekthi yakhe. NgoNovemba 2020, ukubuyiselwa kwe-facade yesakhiwo kwaphela.
"Iphepha" lishicilela ingxenye ye-imeyili ka-Alexey Shishkin kusuka ekusatshalalisweni kwamasonto onke "Izindaba ezimangalisayo zezindlu zaseSt. Funda ngokuthi uChekhov utholakala kanjani lapha, kungani eminyakeni eyi-150 edlule, izintantazwe zeNew York zibhale ukuthi i-cottage "yinto ye-leningrad" ibophekile kule ndlu.
Kwakuyini iLopukhn Garden 200 Eminyakeni engu-200 edlule
Igama elidala le-Street Academian Pavlova - Lopukhnskaya. Kukhona nengadi ye-lopukhinsky, eyake yelula kakhulu kunanamuhla, kuze kube yilapho iFratio Fiflio yamanje. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi igama nemigwaqo, futhi ingadi yenzeka egameni labanikazi bake - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ifa elisesiqhingini sezemithi liphethe umndeni wezikhulu zaseLopkin.
Igama elithi "LopuKhinskaya" lalitholakala kwelesibili lisuka kumabandla avela kulesi sibongo ePetrovin, futhi nabanikazi abalandelayo - i-Kochuby neWielgorski - umgwaqo uqhubeka nokuba kumamephu ngaphansi kwegama elidala.
Ingadi yasakazekela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomgwaqo ilethe abantu ababethandekayo: "Kuhlala kunomhlambi omkhulu wezinyamazane epaki enkulu yesikhulu. Inkosana yaphila ubumnandi nangokukhululekile, futhi imvamisa izilaleli zazigcwele uthango, zilalele ikwaya yabaculi bakhe benqaba. "
Ngemuva kokuthengiswa kwefa ngo-1820, kwatholwa ingxenye yensimu emphakathini, futhi kanye naye nesikhungo esihle esibizwa ngokuthi i-villa "Mont Plesyr" ngeChorus Cherkhenyok, i-Symphony Orchestra kanye nomhlangano wesiHungary we-Hungary of violinists. Kwakukhona amashumishumi eminyaka, ngo-1849 umagazini "Sovremennik" wakhuluma ngale ndawo yokudlela enomculo phakathi kwamaholide eSt. Petersburg. Futhi ngo-1848, ingxenye eyinhloko yengadi iphinde iguqule umnikazi. Umnikazi omusha nguMthengisi we-Vasily Fedulovich Gromov.
Ngubani ukuduma nokuthi amaphephandaba ase-US abhale ngezwe lakhe
Isibongo sokuduma, kanye negama leLopukhiini, elilungisiwe kumephu yedolobha. Uma, ubheka uhlelo lweSt Yabizwa kanjalo ngokuhlonipha ubaba Vasily Gromova, Fudula Grigorieving. Wayengumuntu ocebile ihlathi, umhlomuli, uMdali we "Belokrinitsky Vayisha" - omunye wemiphakathi eminingi ethonya kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-1848, uFedul Gromov wafa, eshiya amasheya akhe eshintshana ngendodana endala nesimo esikhulu.
Ngokungafani naleso uqobo ngaleso sikhathi bazibandakanyeka ekukhuphukeni kwemali enkulu. Ngaphansi komkhiqizo "Gromov kanye ne-Co" wazakhela amafektri anenzuzo ama-sawmill, ihlathi labantu labanye kanye noMbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1829 washada ngempumelelo nendodakazi yeSt. Petersburg Rich Taras Yakovlev. Kuliqiniso, kwakudingeka ukuthi kushintshele ku-Orthodoxy ekugcwalisekeni komshado onenzuzo, kepha iFedul Grigorieving yabusiswa ngesinyathelo esinjalo.
Thanda umlando weSt. Petersburg? Bhalisela iphephandaba lendawo lendawo yokuhlala ?
I-Vasily Fedulovich's Luxulovich Connoisseur kanye noGrace of Vasily Fedilovich iqala ukuhlelwa kabusha kwengadi yakudala yeLopKhin. U-oda umakhi uGeorgia Wintergalter (njengoba ebengabizwanga nje - futhi e-Egor, no-Eugene, no-Ivan, - kodwa kusukela ekuzalweni komakhi omusha wawuseGeorg) ukwakha ikotishi entsha ebanzi epaki, nakwakhe Uzakwabo Alexander GornoSndostayev - ukwakha isakhiwo sezindonga eziningana.
Esifisweni sokugcina, uthando lweGromov oluya eBotanic lwavezwa. Ubengomunye wabasunguli abayi-12 be-Russian Imperial Society of Garden, ososayensi babuye babizwa ngokuthi isitshalo edumo lakhe - ama-subspecies aseNtshonalanga Melika, athola igama elithi Gromovia Pulchella. Ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ze-gromov ehlanganyele engadini evulekile yomoya. Ngokubambisana nomgcini wakhe wengadi, wafika eLopukhinsky Flowers, wanikeza imiyalo yokwakha ama-arbors, amabhuloho, ukuhlomisa i-pavilion yomculo.
"Ingadi yenziwa ngokunethezeka. Indlu yema ukuthi isigodlo siyizwe. Imithombo yashaya, kwakukhona i-pier yokuthumela kanye nesikebhe esikhanyayo sokuhamba, futhi kwenye ingxenye yokungena enkulu kwakuwukushisa okukhulu okukhulu, lapho kwesinye isikhathi ebusika kwakukhona amaholide akwa-Enchanting ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezinkulu. Wayezithanda izimbali, futhi indlu yakhe yayinomhlobiso kanokusho unyaka wonke. Wayewathanda amahhashi, ukuzinza kwakhe kwakusekuqaleni. Umculo wawunaye kuye. Kwesinye isikhathi wazihlabelela ngokwakhe, njengoba ayekwazi izivakashi ukuthi anikeze amakhonsathi, ameme bonke osaziwayo bezwe lomculo weSt. Petersburg. Ithebula lalibambile njalo, kulokhu ezweni nasemzini, liphatha njalo iwayini elihle ne-cuisine enhle. Ubuye wakujabulela nemidwebo, ubuciko kanye nabaculi, "kusho uBuddler weVasily Gromov, umculi weMaristra alexey bogolyubov.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi kumthengisi, bekuyindawo yokuhlala eyintandokazi yezwe, ikotishi ngomqondo ophelele weZwi. Njalo umniniyo akazange ahlale lapha, kodwa endle e-Embankment Fontanka, esondela enkabeni yedolobha.
Ngo-1866, kwakunguDacha Gromova owakhethwa ngomumo wokwamukela ukuhlonipha lapho kufika khona inxusa laseRussia leNxusa laseNew American Alamessador. Ngokwalo magazini, iphephandaba iNew York New York Gerald eshicilelwe incazelo ye-Merchant Villa:
"I-Cottage Mnu Gromov enomhlobiso wakhe nobuhle bamele okuthile okuwumlingo: izitshalo, imithombo, imithombo, izifanekiso - konke lokhu kuhle kakhulu, kukhethwe kahle ngokunambitha. Ingadi yakhanyiswa izinkulungwane zamalambu, nokukhanya kukagesi okuhlose kuyo yonke imithombo, yabeka amanzi okufafaza abe yimibala ehlukahlukene futhi emangalisayo. Lesi sithombe besiphumelela ngokumangalisayo engadini nasendlini. "
Futhi lapho umbukiso wamazwe omhlaba wegadi ebanjelwe eSt. Petersburg ngoMeyi 1869, usuku lonke lwalolu hlelo lwezivakashi zaphesheya kwezivakashi lwalunikelwe ekuhlolweni kweGreyov Garden. I-BOTAYANY yangaphandle yakwamanye amazwe yajabula kakhulu ngokuthuthuka komthengisi wabalandeli lapho kwathunyelwa khona ama-gromovia pulchella epaki, ebahlobisa ngamalebula ngamagama abo.
Kepha hhayi ososayensi kuphela, abaculi kanye nama-diplomats bangancoma ingadi ye-gromovsky. UVasily Fedulovich wavula ifa lakhe kuwo wonke umuntu. Futhi ngeMigqibelo, umpheki wokuduma ngisho nepaki yezivakashi zepaki yi-cheesecakes yamahhala, phikisana esihlokweni esithi "izindlu kanye nekusasa. Dacha gromova. Ingadi yeLopukhinsky »U-VOLAS ovela emitatsheni yolwazi lwe-petrograd.
Ngokuqondene nokufa kukaGromov, indlu eyayiyingxenye yedolobha lasedolobheni
Ngemuva kokushona komnikazi wokuqala ngonyaka we-1878, indlu eyayifa umfowabo ifa, umthengisi u-Ilya Fedulovich Gromov. Kepha, ngokungafani mfowethu nobaba, wayengekho osomabhizinisi kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwempilo kaGromot-Jr., Wawa ngaphansi komthelela ophelele womlingani wakhe webhizinisi, ephatha izindaba zommeli uVladimir Rastkov-Rozhov. U-Ilya Gromov ushone ngo-1882, esemhlabelele nempahla.
Lokhu kwaqinisa isikhundla se-raft-Roe enhloko-dolobha, ngokushesha baba ngomunye wemindeni enethonya kakhulu yeSt. Petersburg.
Ngemuva kokuduma kwezulu, ikotishi lashintsha abanikazi abaningi abaningana. Abanye babo bahlala endlini uqobo, abanye bamphatha. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1890s, iCotge isusa intatheli enethonya, umlobi kanye nomhleli Jeronim Yasinsky.
"Ekuqaleni kwawo-1890s, i-St Petersburg Literator I. I. I-Yasinsky njalo ihlala kwi-DUC Gromov yangaphambili, ngaleso sikhathi, A. P. Chekhhhov. Kusukela ngo-1892, amaCzechs ajwayele kaningi uChekhov. Le ndawo ifana kakhulu no-Anton Pavlovich kangangokuba ngaleso sikhathi, "thuthela kuPhetro" ngaleso sikhathi, wanquma ukuhlala esiqhingini sezemithi, "kusho uLuzhda Luurie kanye noVictor Mushrooms encwadini yezomakhemisi.
Endimeni engenhla kwababhali icacisa ngokwahlukana ukuthi u-Yasinsky wasusa indlu ngaphandle kwendlu endlini encane, kodwa njengezindlu zaphakade. Ngempela, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX ukuze kube nokuphumula kwezwe, lezi zindawo nakanjani azikafanele. Ekupheleni okude kakhulu kweLopKinskaya Street, kwaqhamuka inkimbinkimbi ye- "Duflllon" isitshalo, eduze kwesikhungo somuthi wokuhlola. Izakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala zakhula ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane njengamakhowe. Futhi lapha ngo-1899, umnikazi wezangasese wokugcina wamabhange aseCottage Aleksandrovich Alfebendrovich uthatha isinqumo sokuthengisa iningi le-Gromovsky Park ukuze lithuthukiswe. Ngaphambi kuka-1917, ushiya kuphela ikotishi nensimu encane phakathi kweNeva noLopukhinskaya Street. Kuwo wonke amazwe asele e-alferov, ahlongoza ukubeka imigwaqo emisha: Vologda (chapigina), i-perm (gadio), i-Ufa ne-vyatka (manje ayikho). Esikhathini esilandelayo samashumi eminyaka, iningi langaphambili langaphambili lincishiswe ekwakhiweni kwemizi etholwayo engenayo engu-5-6 nama-cooperatives ezindlu.
Ukuthi uDacha waba studio sethelevishini kanjani nokuthi wawela kanjani ekuboleni
Ngemuva kwenguquko, ikotishi eliphindwe kaningana lashintsha imisebenzi. Okwesikhashana kwakukhona ikhaya lamaholide laseStakhenov's Chauffeur, khona-ke indlu yamaphayona. Ngo-1937 kuphela, lesi sakhiwo sathola umnikazi waphakade - i-OLTZ, isikhungo esinolwazi lwe-Leningrad Television. Ngalesi sikhathi, onjiniyela be-Leningrad Radio bebelokhu besebenza ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bethelevishini futhi bazethule empilweni yaseSoviet iminyaka eminingana. Kepha kwakungekho studio sokusakaza - yingakho ukuhanjiswa kokuqala (kusaqhubeka nomqondo wokuqala - Izenzo zokuhlola zokuhanjiswa kwesithombe kude) zenziwa ngokuqondile ekwakhiweni kweTontanka Embankment of Fontanka . Isibonelo, ngoFebhuwari 14, 1937, iLeningradskaya Pravda Newspaper ibika ukuthi oxhumana naye wabheka uVniye ukudluliswa kwe-movie "chapaev".
Ngemuva kwempumelelo yokuqala, kwathathwa isinqumo sokudlulisa indlu yangaphambili kwisitudiyo se-TV kuya ku-Television Studios. Kuyo, ukusakaza kwenziwa kumathelevishini efakwe emagodo esiko abizwa ngeKapranov, ezindlini zesiko leVasilerostrovstky, vyborg kanye nezifunda zeVoladar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliselwa okuvela ku-Gromovskaya Dacha kubuke ePoland of Pioneers, ekuphumeni nasekutholeni amakona abomvu amafektri amakhulu namafektri. Izinkulumo eziphathelene nama-TV ezifuywayo e-USSR ngaleso sikhathi azikakahamba.
UBlogger Mikhail Katz uchaze owokuqala edolobheni le-interlentrentr kwi-athikili yokubuyekezwa "Ukuzalwa kwe-Soviet Television":
"Okujwayelekile, kepha okufushane, ukuthunyelwa kwaqala kusukela ngo-1938 ku-Televishini yesikhungo sethelevishini, esasikhona kuDacha V. F. GROMOV. Ikhamera kuphela yethelevishini yeTelevishini yema ngo-tripod ohleliwe futhi enelensi eyodwa. Ukwenza isikrini sokusondelana, isikhulumi bekufanele sisondela egumbini. Idivayisi ibingaphelele kakhulu; Ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya omncane, izinga lokushisa elisendaweni yokuhlunga laphakanyiswa ngasikhathi sinye ngama-40 degrees, futhi abadlali bacashe ngaphansi kwezigqoko zabo kanye nama-wigs ama-bubble e-ice. Ukuhambisana nomculo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-patefone. Kulezi zinsuku, amathelevishini okuqala asebenze kulezo zimo ... Kodwa-ke, ama-TV asabiza kakhulu futhi abamukelayo abangama-38 bethelevishini babesezindlini zamasiko. Ukusakazwa kwenziwa ngehora ngosuku, ngakho-ke kuboniswe amafilimu ezinto ezingxenyeni: Isiqalo namuhla, ukuphela kungosuku olulandelayo. "
Umsebenzi wethelevishini eSitubeni Sethelevishini ezweni waphazanyiswa ngesikhathi seMpi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, kodwa waqala kabusha ngo-1947. Isakhiwo esikhulu seLeningrad Teltolentra Gromovsky Manssion sahlala saya ku-1960, lapho kwasungulwa isakhiwo esishadikazi esisha esiseChapigina Street, 6. Kuyathakazelisa, indawo akhishwe kuyo maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX, nayo yaphatha UDacha weGromov. Ngesikhathi esithile, lesi sakhiwo saziwa njenge-Leningrad House of Television, kepha i-gear ngqo ayizange ishiye lapha.
Kusukela ngawo-1970, isakhiwo saqala ukwehla. Kakade ngabo-1990, wayengenakusebenza njalo futhi. Ukwakhiwa kwamafemu amancane ezentengiselwano kwaqashwa ezingxenyeni ezithile. Futhi esakhiweni sango-2000 futhi sashiywa nhlobo.
Ukuthi nge-dacha gromova kwenzeka manje
Umzamo omusha wokuphefumula empilweni yezwe ngo-2013 wathathwa ngabaphathi bePetrograd District. Iziphathimandla zanikezwa ukunikeza isikhungo sentsha-yobusha ". Futhi yena naye, wavunyelwa ukuthi axazulule esakhiweni esiya eshashalazini le-amateur "synthesis". Kepha kwavela ukuthi kungaba yinkinga ukubeka eminye imisebenzi.
"Nokho, kungukuthi ukusungula endle, noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka: Manje akukho ukuxhumana - namanzi, akukho ukushisa noma ugesi. Eminyango yangasese eqhekekile esitezi sokuqala, umuntu ovela kwangaphambili wezakhamuzi wabhala ngokubhekisisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinsiza. Udonga lucishe lwabhalwa ngama-hieroglyphs angajwayelekile ... Ukushintshwa kanye nezinyawo kuchitheke inyama - izintambo ezingenakusiza emnyango we-Jambs. Indawo yomlilo ye-chic esitezi sesibili akekho noyedwa owalashwa, "uMbuso weNdlu ngoFebhuwari 2014, uJulia Galkin, uchaze isimo sikaFebhuwari 2014 ezintweni zomuzi.
Futhi nokho, ngenxa ye- "Synthesis" nabathandi benhlangano ye-Creative Association of Curators (Okwamanje), i-cottage ivulwe kafushane emphakathini: Kube nemicimbi, izithombe zefilimu, imibukiso. Abaningi ngokunembile, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabahlali, ukuvalwa okuvalekile kwabhekisisa iziphathimandla. Ngo-2016, ukubuyiselwa kokuqala kwesayensi kwama-facades amakhethini aqala ngo-2016. Uyiqede ngoNovemba 2020. Futhi muva nje abaphathi bedolobha bamemezele umncintiswano wokuqanjwa kwe- "Center for Art" esakhiweni. Kuliqiniso, lapho kuvulwa futhi okuzohanjiswayo - akucaci. Namuhla, ama-Interiors wesakhiwo asahlelekile, akunazo izitezi emakamelweni amaningi.
Kuzo zonke izinguquko ekufezekisweni okusha kwesakhiwo ongasilandela eqenjini elithi "DACHA Thunder. Ukuphindukuzalwa ", abaphikisayo kusuka eshashalazini elithi" Synthesis "kwenziwa.
Kuleli phepha elithi "iphepha", umfundi wamakhethini amadala eFinnish Gulf utshela indlela iKomarov noRepan Dacms bephila ngayo ngaphambi kwenguquko nokuthi yiziphi izinsalela zamakhaya abo. Futhi lapha funda izingxoxo nezazi-mlando ngempilo yeSt. Petersburg Dachnikov emakhulwini e-XVIII-XIX.