Ukuhlelwa kwenkunkuma eyahlukeneyo kuya kuhlala kuyanda. Iplastiki, intsimbi, iglasi, iphepha-Zonke ezi zinto zinokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ngokwenza oko kugcina okusingqongileyo kunye nokonga kwiinkqubo zemveliso. Iimveliso zensimbi kunye neglasi ziyenziwa ngenene, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba uthethe into enye malunga nephepha?
Ungayenza njani iphepha?
Iphepha-i-fibirous wit enezinto ezahlukeneyo zeMineral. Yenziwe ngezinto zemifuno ezinamafutha aneentsinga zinobude obaneleyo. Ngokudibanisa kwakhona ukudibanisa ngamanzi, bajika babe kwi-mass enye-iplastiki kunye ne-homogeneous.
Izinto ezingafunekiyo zephepha:
- Ubunzima beenkuni (seluplose);
- isemicellulose;
- I-selsulose iintlobo zonyaka (umngxunya, irayisi, njl njl);
- i-rag yesiqingatha samawa;
- I-fiber yefibreya (iphepha lenkunkuma);
- Iifestile ze-imeyile (kwezinye iintlobo).
Inyaniso enomdla: Ukuyilwa kwephepha kubalulekile kwi-Chinese egama linguTsai Lun - umcebisi woMlawuli. Ngo-105 n. e. Weza nephepha lokwenza iphepha ukusuka kwikotoni, enkosi ngokujonga izesi kunye nezidleke zazo.
Itekhnoloji yokwenza imveliso inokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwemveliso egqityiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Imveliso iqala ngokulungiselela ubunzima bephepha. Lale, izinto ezikhethiweyo kwizixhobo ezizodwa zityumkile kwaye zivuselelekile.
Emva koko ubunzima buyimodeli-yongeza izinto ezonyusa iipropathi zephepha le-hydrophobic. Izinto ezibonakalayo zinika isitatshi, i-resins ezahlukeneyo. I-Mineral Fillers kunye needayi zikuvumela ukuba ube mhlophe iphepha okanye unike umthunzi onqwenelekayo.
Emva kokugula, ubunzima bungena kumatshini wephepha, osetyenziswa kwimveliso ukusukela nge-1803. Injongo yayo kukukhulisa iphepha ukusuka kubunzima. Ngeli xesha lenkqubo, ii-fibrolles zivela, ezinomzimba ongaphezulu, ezomileyo nenqwenelekayo.
Ukwenziwa kwamashiti okwenzeka kwi-Calender - umatshini, oquka iishafu ezininzi ezijikelezayo. Iphepha ligqithile phakathi kwabo, ukufumana ububanzi obunikiweyo kunye nobungqingqwa.
Mangaphi amaxesha anokuphinda asebenze kwakhona?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamaphepha. Umzekelo, ibango lezinto zokupakisha lisanda ngenxa yokukhula korhwebo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye isidingo sephepha elisetyenziselwa ukushicilelwa lincitshisiwe. Ngokutsho kwezinye izifundo, phantse wonke umthi wesi-5 uxhomekeke ekwenzeni inzalo. Ke ngoko, iingcali, iingcali zincome ukutshintshela kusetyenziso lwezinto ezinqabileyo zesibini.
Eyona nto iphambili ihlala ilinani lokurisayikilisha iphepha elinye. Le nkqubo ayifani ngokuveliswa kwezinto ezizimeleyo, ngaphandle kwamanyathelo ongezelelweyo, umzekelo, ukususwa kumxube weedayi zedayi ezingeyomfuneko.
Inyaniso enomdla: I-750 kg yephepha inokuveliswa kwitoni yephepha lokuchitha. Ukwenziwa kweetoni ezi-1 zephepha ukusuka kwizixhobo zenqanaba lesibini kuvumela ukuba ugcine imithi engama-20 ukuba angayinqunyulwa, gcina ama-31% ombane kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngama-44%.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubo nganye entsha yokulungisa, ubude beentsini zeselselose zincipha (malunga ne-10%), kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuhlawula le nkqubo. Ababi mfutshane kuphela, kodwa bathandana naye. Iphepha eliphezulu eliphezulu eline-fiber elungileyo i-fiber ide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Emva kwemijikelezo yokuqhutywa kweqela, izinto ezifunyenweyo zinokusetyenziswa ngaphandle njengokungenisa okanye iphephandaba. Kodwa le nkqubo ayinakuphela, kuba ngenxa yoko, ukusuka kwiintsinga ezimfutshane kakhulu aziyi kuba nakho ukwenza iphepha elifunayo. Iphepha elinye lephepha linokuphinda lisebenze kwakhona ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwezi-7.
Isitena seSitishi: https: //pkmu.ru/. Bhalisa, Beka intliziyo, shiya izimvo!