Ukuhlunga imfucuza ehlukahlukene kuya ngokuya kusebenza. Ipulasitiki, insimbi, ingilazi, iphepha - zonke lezi zinto zokwakha zingasetshenziswa futhi, ngaleyo ndlela zigcinwe imvelo futhi zilondoloze izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Imikhiqizo yensimbi nengilazi iyacutshungulwa ngokungapheli, kepha kungenzeka yini ukusho into efanayo ngephepha?
Ungenza kanjani iphepha?
Iphepha - Izinto ze-Fibrous ezinezengezo ezahlukahlukene zamaminerali. Kwenziwe ngezinto zemifino ezinemicu enobude obanele. Ngokuxuba okwengeziwe namanzi, baphenduka isisindo esisodwa - ipulasitiki ne-homogeneous.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zephepha:
- Isisindo sezinkuni (cellulose);
- semicellulose;
- izinhlobo zezitshalo zonyaka zonyaka (utshani, ilayisi, njll.);
- rag uhhafu wave;
- I-fiber yesibili (iphepha lemfucuza);
- Izindwangu zezindwangu (kwezinhlobo ezithile).
Iqiniso Elithakazelisayo: Ukusungulwa kwephepha kubangelwa amaShayina abizwa ngeTsai Lun - umeluleki wombusi. Ngo-105 n. e. Weza nendlela yokwenza iphepha kusuka kukotini, ngenxa yokubonwa kwama-axes kanye nezidleke zazo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza iphepha bungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lomkhiqizo osuqediwe nokusetshenziswa kwalo. Ukukhiqizwa kuqala ngokulungiswa kwephepha. Kulokhu, izingxenye ezikhethiwe kumadivayisi akhethekile ziyachotshozwa futhi zivuswe.
Lapho-ke isisindo senziwe ngesampula - engeza izinto ezikhulisa izakhiwo zamaphepha e-hydrophobic. Izinto zokuqina zinikeza isitashi, ama-resins ahlukahlukene. Ama-Fineral Fickers kanye namadayi akuvumela ukuthi ufake iphepha noma unikeze umthunzi owufunayo.
Ngemuva kokugula, isisindo singena emshinini wephepha, osetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1803. Inhloso yawo ukukhulisa iphepha kusuka kusisindo. Ngale nqubo, kuvela izingqimba ze-fibrous, eziqhutshwa amanzi emzimbeni, zomiswe futhi zilimele emigomweni.
Ukwakheka kokugcina kwamashidi kwenzeka ku-calender - umshini, okuqukethe imisele ejikelezayo eminingana. Iphepha lidlula phakathi kwabo, lithola ububanzi obunikezwe nobukhulu.
Kukangaki umuntu nephepha elifanayo kungavuselelwa kangaki?
Kunemikhuba ehlukile emhlabeni maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwamaphepha. Isibonelo, isidingo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo sanda ngenxa yokukhula kwezohwebo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye isidingo sephepha esihloselwe ukuphrinta sincishisiwe. Ngokwezifundo ezithile, cishe zonke izihlahla ze-5 zingaphansi kokusika ukukhiqizwa kwalo. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bancoma ukushintshela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zokwakha zesibili.
Impikiswano enkulu ihlala iyinombolo yokuvuselelwa kabusha kwephepha elifanayo. Le nqubo ayihlukile ekwenziweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezivela ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezingavuthiwe, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukususwa kwinhlanganisela yamadayi angadingekile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Iphepha le-750 kg lingakhiqizwa kusuka kumathani ephepha lemfucuza. Ukwenziwa kwamathani angu-1 ephepha kusuka ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo zesibili kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine izihlahla ezingama-20 kusuka ekunciphiseni, gcina ama-31% kagesi, amanzi angama-53% futhi anciphise ukuphuma kwekhabhoni dioxide ngo-44%.
Kodwa-ke, ngenqubo ngayinye yokucubungula entsha, ubude bemicu ye-cellulose buyancipha (cishe nge-10%), futhi akunakwenzeka ukukhokha le nqubo. Aziphendukeli mfushane nje, kodwa futhi futhi. Iphepha eliphakeme eliphakeme elinobunzima obuhle be-fiber bude ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngemuva kwemijikelezo ecubungula eminingana, izinto ezitholakele zingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokugoqwa noma iphephandaba. Kepha le nqubo ayinakungenamkhawulo, ngoba ngenxa yalokho, kusukela kuma-cellulose fibers amafushane kakhulu ngeke kwenzeke ukwakha ishidi lekhwalithi oyifunayo. Ishidi elilodwa lephepha lingavuselelwa kusuka ezikhathini ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-7.
Isayithi lesiteshi: https://kipmu.ru/. Bhalisa, faka inhliziyo, ushiye amazwana!