Kusintha zinyalala zosiyanasiyana kukukhala koyenera. Pulasitiki, chitsulo, galasi, pepala - zinthu zonsezi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kachiwiri, potero kusunga chilengedwe ndikusunga njira zopangira. Zida ndi magalasi zinthu zimakonzedwa moyenera, koma ndizotheka kunena zofanana ndi pepala?
Momwe mungapangire pepala?
Pepala - zinthu zowoneka bwino ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera mchere. Amapangidwa ndi zinthu zamasamba zomwe zimakhala ndi ulusi zimakhala ndi kutalika kokwanira. Ndi kusakaniza kowonjezereka ndi madzi, amasandulika kukhala unyinji umodzi - pulasitiki ndi homogeneous.
Zida zopangira:
- Misa yamatanda (cellulose);
- semillilose;
- cellulose chomera cha pachaka (udzu, mpunga, ndi zina);
- nsanje theka;
- Fiber yachiwiri (pepala lowononga);
- Ulusi wapangidwe (mitundu ina).
Chosangalatsa chenicheni: Chithunzi cha pepala chimadziwika ndi China chotchedwa Tsai LUUN - mlangizi wa mfumu. Mu 105 n. e. Adabwera ndi momwe angapangire pepala kuchokera ku thonje, chifukwa cha zomwe axes ndi zisa zawo.
Tekinolo yopanga pepala imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa zomalizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Kupanga kumayamba ndikukonzekera mapepala. Mwa izi, zigawo zosankhidwa mu zida zapadera zomwe zimaphwanyidwa ndikukulimbikitsidwa.
Kenako misa imasinthidwa - kuwonjezera zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa pepala la hydrophobic. Zipangizo zolimbitsa thupi zimapangitsa wowuma, matekeni osiyanasiyana. Makonda a mchere ndi utoto umakulolani kuti muyeretse pepalalo kapena kupereka mthunzi womwe mukufuna.
Pambuyo matenda, unyinji umalowa m'makina a mapepala, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuyambira 1803. Cholinga chake ndikupanga pepala kuchokera ku misa. Panthawi imeneyi, zigawo za fibrous zimawoneka, zomwe zili zodetsa nkhawa, zouma ndikuvulaza kukhala ma roll.
Mapangidwe omaliza a ma sheet amapezeka mu calender - makinawo, omwe ali ndi zingwe zingapo zoyendetsedwa. Pepala limadutsa pakati pawo, kupeza m'lifupi mwake ndi makulidwe.
Kodi pepala limodzi ndi lomwelo lingabwezeretsedwe kangati?
Pali zochitika zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi zokhudza mapepala. Mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwa zinthu zakukula kukukula chifukwa cha kukula kwa malonda, koma nthawi yomweyo kufunikira kwa mapepala osindikiza kumachepa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, mtengo uliwonse mtengo uliwonse umalowetsa popanga. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusintha zinthu zaiwisi zokha.
Nkhani yayikulu imakhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa pepala lomwelo. Njirayi siyosiyana ndi kupanga kwa zinthu zoyambirira, kupatula njira zowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsedwa kwa osakaniza osafunikira.
Chosangalatsa: 750 makilogalamu amatha kupangidwa kuchokera pamatumba a zinyalala. Kupanga matani 1 mapepala kuchokera kwachiwiri kuchokera ku zinthu zachiwiri kumakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa mitengo 20 kuti muchepetse, sungani 31% yamagetsi, madzi 53% ndikuchepetsa mpweya wa kaboni ndi 44%.
Komabe, ndi njira iliyonse yatsopano yokonza, kutalika kwa ulusi wa cellulose kumachepa (pofika 10%), ndipo ndizosatheka kulipira izi. Sangokhala wamfupi, komanso woopsa. Pepala lalitali kwambiri ndi kachulukidwe kake kabemba ndikotali.
Pambuyo pokonza mizere yambiri, nkhani zomwe zapezedwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati kukulira kapena nyuzipepala. Koma njirayi singakhale yopanda malire, popeza chifukwa cha ulusi wamfupi kwambiri, sizingatheke kupanga pepala lomwe mukufuna. Pepala limodzi limatha kubwezeretsedwa kuyambira 4 mpaka 7.
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