ICompass isetshenziselwa ukuqondiswa kwendawo. Umgomo womsebenzi wawo ususelwa ekuxhumaneni nomhlaba kazibuthe womhlaba, selokhu ikhampasi ngokwayo ibuye ibe yizibuthe. Umcibisholo wakhe ungajikeleza ngokukhululeka. Kepha idivaysi izoziphatha kanjani ezigxotsheni zikamagnzi?
Siyini isigxobo se-magnetic somhlaba futhi sikuphi?
Iplanethi yethu inamandla kazibuthe (i-geomagnetic), eyavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4,2 edlule. Ngokusho kwezinguqulo zososayensi ezivame kakhulu, zenziwa ngemithombo yangaphakathi (umnyombo). Le nkambu isebenza ngokuhambisa izindleko zikagesi, kanye nemizimba enomzuzu kazibuthe, naphezu kwesimo sokunyakaza kwabo.
Amandla kazibuthe enza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ivikela umhlaba, iziphuphutheki zokufakelwa kusuka emiphumeleni yezinhlayiya ze-cosmic, ngokwesibonelo, umoya welanga. Ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu ye-geomagnetic, ukuqondiswa kokunyakaza kwabo kuyashintsha.
Isigxobo se-magnetic siyiphuzu elinemibandela endaweni engaphezulu komhlaba, lapho imigqa yasensimini itholakala khona ngama-engeli angakwesokudla. Izigxobo zikaMagnetic zimbili, kanye nokuma komhlaba - enyakatho naseningizimu, kepha azihambelani.
Eqinisweni, ngokuya ngemithetho yobukhosi obungokomzimba, iSouth Pole itholakala enyakatho, nasenyakatho eningizimu. Kepha, ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka, ososayensi bavuma ukubabiza ngendlela ejwayelekile.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Isigxobo saseNyakatho SikaMagnetic satholakala ngoJuni 1, 1831 ngu-Englishman J. Ross eduze kweP-OV Boutia (Arctic). Ngo-1841, wanquma ukuthi iPole Pole (i-Antarctica) ikhona kuphi.
Izigxobo zikaMagnetic azona ezi-Antipode, ngoba amandla kazibuthe omhlaba yi-asymmetric. Basekuhambeni njalo, futhi ukunyakaza kwezigxobo kulungiswa ngokucophelela ososayensi. Isibonelo, iNorth Pole ihamba eceleni kwe-elliptical trajectory futhi kancane kancane isuka enyakatho-nentshonalanga.
Cishe iminyaka engama-400 abekhona endaweni yase-Arctic eCanada. Ngokusho kokucatshangelwa kokuqala kososayensi, sekuvele ku-2020 Pole kwakufanele kube eRussia. Kodwa-ke, ijubane lokunyakaza kwakhe lishintshe kaninginingi. I-South Pole ingakakulesi sikhathi emaphethelweni e-Antarctica.
Injani ikhampasi?
Ngokuya ngemodeli yensimbi, ingahlonyiswa imicibisholo eyodwa noma emibili. Umcibisholo wekhampasi njalo ukhombisa enyakatho (noma enyakatho naseningizimu, kulokhu, isiqondiso saseNyakatho sivame ukumakwa ngombala othile). Umcibisholo kazibuthe utholakala emigqeni yensimu ye-geomagnetic.
Ukunquma indlela, ikhampasi inokuvundlile. Umcibisholo ususwa ku-retainer (kuyadingeka ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa). Ngokomthetho wezigxobo zikamagnetic, izigxobo ezifanayo ziyabuyiselwa, futhi izinto ezahlukene ziyakhangwa. Ngakho-ke, ikhampasi lihlala libonisa ukuqondiswa okukodwa.
Ikhampasi ikhombisa isigxobo sezinkabi somhlaba, hhayi ukugcina. Njengoba bengahambisani nakanjani, futhi izigxobo zihlala zihamba, kunephutha elithile, kepha akukubalulekile ukuqondiswa.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngo-2019 (okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni engama-360), isigxobo saseNyakatho nezendawo sihambisane ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeke ku-Zero Greenwich Meridian eLondon.
Ngabe ikhampasi isebenza enyakatho neSouth Pole?
Esigxotsheni sakwaMagnetic, ikhampasi isebenza ngokungalungile. Idivayisi yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuvundlile - kulesi sikhundla, umcibisholo utholakala emigqeni yamandla futhi ukhombisa ukuqondisa. Ezigxotsheni zikamazibuthe, imigqa yamandla itholakala e-angle ye-90º. Uma umcibisholo we-hull ubungeke ulungiswe ngokuphephile, kuzofunwa ukuthatha isikhundla esifanayo mpo.
Imicibisholo yokufundwa kuleli cala izoncika ezimfanelweni zekhampasi design. Uma ilele ngokukhululeka kwi-eksisi, iyaphenduka futhi iyeke ukuhamba. Uma umcibisholo untanta uketshezi, kuzothatha isikhundla sokuphikisana.
Ubufakazi bekhampasi ezigxotsheni bakagxetic abulungile, ngoba izimo zokusebenzisa kwazo zephulwa. Imvamisa umcibisholo utholakala ngokuvundlile - emigqeni yamandla yensimu ye-geomagnetic. Ezigxotsheni, imigqa yamandla isebenzisa isikhundla mpo, ngakho-ke umcibisholo uthambekele kuye, kepha lokhu akunikezwa umklamo wekhampasi.
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