Kompas ikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhagarika. Ihame ryakazi ryayo rishingiye ku mikoranire n'umurima wa rukuruzi w'isi, kubera ko ingabo ubwawo nazo nazo na rukuruzi. Umwambi we urashobora kuzunguruka mu bwisanzure. Ariko nigute igikoresho kizitwara kuri magnetic poles?
Niyihe nkingi ya magneti yisi kandi irihe?
Umubumbe wacu ufite umurima wa rukuru (geomagnetic), wavutse hashize imyaka 4,2. Dukurikije imiterere yabantu bakunze kugaragara ku bahanga, byaremwe n'akantu hose (Core). Iki gice gikora kumafaranga yamashanyarazi, kimwe nimibiri ifite umwanya wa magneti, nubwo ingendo zabo.
Umurima wa rukuruzi ukora umurimo wingenzi. Irinda isi, satelite zirimo ibihimbano mu ngaruka zingingo zinkoko, kurugero, umuyaga wizuba. Munsi ya geomagnetic murwego rwa gemagnetic, icyerekezo cyurugendo rwabo kirahinduka.
Pole ya magnetic ni ingingo iteganijwe kuruhande, aho imirongo yumurima iherereye kumpera yiburyo. Inkingi ya magnetic ni ebyiri, kimwe na geografiya - Amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo, ariko ntibahuza.
Mubyukuri, hakurikijwe amategeko yubukuru bwumubiri, Pole yepfo iherereye mumajyaruguru, no mu majyaruguru mu majyepfo. Ariko, kugirango wirinde kwitiranya, abahanga bemeye kubahamagarana nuburyo busanzwe.
Ukuri kwishimishije: Pole ya Magnetic Amajyaruguru yabonetse ku ya 1 Kamena 1831 n'ubwongereza J. Ross hafi ya P-Ov Boutia (Arctique). Mu 1841, yagennye aho Pole yepfo (Antaragitika) iherereye.
Inkingi ya magneti ntabwo ari iya antipode, kubera ko umurima wa rukuruzi wisi ari asimmetric. Barimo kugenda, kandi kugenda kw'inkingi bishyirwa ku buntu n'abahanga. Kurugero, Pole y'Amajyaruguru ikomeza inzira ya elliptique kandi ihinduka buhoro buhoro mu majyaruguru-iburengerazuba.
Afite imyaka 400 yari aherereye mu gace ka Arctic muri Kanada. Dukurikije ibitekerezo byabanjirije abahanga, bimaze kuba muri 2020 Pole yagombaga kuba mu Burusiya. Ariko, umuvuduko wurugendo rwe warahindutse inshuro nyinshi. Pole yepfo iri muri iki gihe ku nkombe ya Antaragitika.
Nigute compas?
Ukurikije icyitegererezo cyibikoresho, birashobora kuba bifite imyambi imwe cyangwa ibiri. Umwambi wa Compas compar burigihe yerekana amajyaruguru (cyangwa amajyepfo n'amajyepfo, muriki gihe icyerekezo cyamajyaruguru kiragaragaraho ibara). Umwambi wa magneti uherereye ku murongo wa geomagnetic.
Kugirango umenye icyerekezo, compas nta mucyo. Umwambi ukurwa mugumana (birakenewe koroherwa). Nk'uko amategeko ya rukuruzi ya rukuruzi, inkingi zimwe zirashya, kandi ibintu bitandukanye birakururwa. Kubwibyo, kompas burigihe yerekana icyerekezo kimwe.
Kompas yerekana inkingi ya magneti yisi, ntabwo ari geografiya. Kubera ko badahuye neza, kandi inkingi zihora zigenda, harahora ziremewe, ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa kugirango icyerekezo.
Ukuri kwishimishije: Muri 2019 (bwa mbere mumyaka 360), magnetic y'Amajyaruguru na Geografiya yahuje. Ibi byabaye kuri merwich meridiyani i Londres.
Ese imirimo compas mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo?
Kuri magnetic pole, compas ikora nabi. Igikoresho cyagenewe gukoreshwa utambitse - muriyi myanya, umwambi iherereye kumurongo wamashanyarazi kandi yerekana icyerekezo. Ku nkingi za magneti, imirongo y'amashanyarazi iherereye ku nguni ya 90º. Niba umwambi wihuta utagomba gukosorwa neza, byashakishwa gufata umwanya umwe uhagaritse.
Imyambi isoma muri uru rubanza izaterwa nibiranga igishushanyo cya compass. Niba ari mu bwisanzure kuri axis, irahinduka kandi igahagarike kugenda. Niba umwambi areremba mumazi, bizafata umwanya uhamye.
Ubuhamya bwa compas kuri rab ya magneti ntabwo aribyo, kubera ko ibintu byakoreshejwe byahungabanijwe. Mubisanzwe umwambi uherereye mu buryo butambitse - kumurongo wamashanyarazi wumurima wa geomagnetic. Ku nkingi, imirongo y'amashanyarazi ifite umwanya uhagaritse, nuko umwambi ukunda, ariko ibi ntabwo byatanzwe nigishushanyo rusange.
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