Isintu siyabanjwa isikhala. Okhokho bethu abasekude, njengami namuhla, babheka olwandle lwesikhala ngokuzama ukusondela ekucabangeni imizimba yezulu elikude. Izazi zezinkanyezi ezinkulu zangesikhathi esedlule zazisebenzisa izinkanyezi ukuthola isikhathi futhi zizulazule, kepha ukuqala kwesayensi yezinkanyezi zanamuhla zibeka iGalileo Galilee, kuthunyelwa isibonakude kusihlwa sasebusuku ngo-1609. Kusukela lapho, okuningi sekushintshile - ngakho-ke, ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, ama-telescopes asephenduke izakhiwo ezinkulu ezinezibuko ezinkulu ezibekwe ezakhiweni zazo ezinkulu. Namuhla sinama-telescopes we-cosmic, njenge-hubble, kanye nezibonakude usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngokuthi uGalilei angacabangi ngalo. Ubuchwepheshe namuhla abakhula ngokushesha, futhi ukukhumbula izinkanyezi kukhula nabo. Ekugcineni, sazi ngemvelo hhayi ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha ukusesha komoya wempucuko ongeyena obonakalayo ongakaze uthweswe umqhele ngempumelelo. Kodwa ingabe ama-telescopes amasha azokwazi ukuthola impilo ngaphandle komhlaba? Ukusuka kule ndatshana uzofunda ukuthi izingodo ezingashintsha yiphi i-astronomy kanye nakubo bonke.
Isibonakude samamitha angamashumi amathathu (iHawaii)
Ngo-2019, abaphathi baseMelika bagcina bavumela izazi zezinkanyezi ukuba zakhiwe isibonakudeli sezinkanyezi ezingamashumi amathathu nanye (igama lakhe lizikhulumela) kwiNtaba engcwele Mauna-Kea, ehlonishwa ngabantu bomdabu be-Archipelago. Isibuko esisha sezibonakude sizoba kathathu ububanzi banoma yisiphi isibonakude esisetshenzisiwe namuhla, esizovumela ososayensi ukuthi babone ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni ezikude nezibuthuntu. Ngaphezu kokufunda ukuzalwa kwamaplanethi, izinkanyezi nemithala, izazi zezinkanyezi zinethemba lokuthi isibonakude esisha singakhanyisa futhi kuphela izinto ezimnyama ezimnyama namandla amnyama, kodwa nasezimbozweni ezimnyama, ama-exoplans akude futhi afune impilo engaziwa.
Izindleko zalolu gumbi olumangalisayo zizobiza uhulumeni waseMelika wezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,4. Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi isibonakude esisha sizoba sesithathu ngochungechunge lwama-telescopes amakhulu. Kuhlelwe ukuthi isibonakude esinezibuko ezinamamitha angama-30 ngendawo ephelele yamamitha-skwele angama-664 azoqoqwa ngokukhanya okuthe xaxa okungu-9 kunokukhanya okuphezulu kunawo wonke ama-telescopes akhona. Ukwethulwa kwesibonakude samamitha angamashumi amathathu kufanele kwenzeke ngo-2027. Yebo, sizolinda!
Funda futhi: Ukulahleka kwesayensi - Isibonakude sibhujiswa lapho ososayensi bebefuna khona njengabafokazi
Ukuqapha okuqanjwe ngegama ngemuva kokholo uRubin (Chile)
Izibuko ezinkulu akuzona zodwa ukhiye wokwakha isibonakudeni ezikwazi ukwenza inguquko yezinkanyezi. I-Great Synoptic Surve Telescope (Isibonakunyelelo Esikhulu Sokuhlolisisa Isimo Sesheya) noma okuqanjwe ngegama ngemuva kokuthi ukholo lwe-Ruby alukhulu njengesibonakude samamitha angamashumi amathathu eHawaii, kodwa linxephezela ngosayizi walo omncane ngesilinganiso. I-Telescope ye-Tellope LSST yakhelwe ukuskena isibhakabhaka ebusuku njalo ebusuku, futhi ingagxili ngezinhloso ngazinye. Ngekhamera enkulu kakhulu ye-LSST ye-Digital LSST izorekhoda isibhakabhaka esimibalabala, esihamba kancane.
Ikhamera entsha yedijithali, usayizi wemoto encane, izokwazi ukuthwebula inkambu ebanzi kakhulu yokubuka, ukuvumela isibonakude sokwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane emazingeni emnandi nezikhulu. Ngokusho kwabathuthukisi be-LSST, okubukwayo kwezinkanyezi okusha kuzonikeza izazi zezinkanyezi ezingakaze zibonwe amakhadi okusabalalisa amancanyana ahlukahlukene endaweni yonke. Leli khadi libuye lenzelwe ukukhanyisa ukukhanya kwamandla amnyama amnyama abhekene nokusheshisa ukwanda kwendawo yonke.
Ukuqala komsebenzi walesi simangaliso sobuchwepheshe kuhlelwe ngo-2022. Ngendlela, muva nje i-astronomer yabangela imithala emisha engaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu emephini. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalo mcimbi othokozisayo lapha.
I-Giant Magellan Telescope (Chile)
Okunye ukwengeza iqoqo elihlaba umxhwele lezibonakude eliseChile liyisitha esikhulu se-magtellane (i-giantgellan telescope, i-GMT), ukwakhiwa kwalo okuhlelelwe ukubonwa kweLas eSouth Atakam. Idizayini eyingqayizivele ye-GMT ifaka "uhlelo lwezibuko eziyisikhombisa ezinkulu kakhulu ze-monolithic namuhla", ezosetshenziswa njengento yokubutha. Ububanzi besibuko ngasinye ngu-8.4 m, futhi isisindo silingana namathani angama-20.
Ukuzihlakulela njalo izindaba zakamuva ezivela emhlabeni wobuchwepheshe obuphakeme nesayensi ethandwayo, Bhalisela okuphakelayo kwezindaba zethu e-Telegraph. Kunezimemezelo ezijwayelekile zezindaba njalo esizeni.
Njengezibalo eziningi zesizukulwane esilandelayo, i-giant tagtels telescope izozama ukuxazulula izimfihlo zendawo yonke. Ososayensi bazoyisebenzisela ukuthola impilo engaziwa ngama-exoplanets, kanye nokufunda ukuthi imithala yokuqala yakhiwa kanjani, kungani kunendaba eminingi emnyama namandla amnyama, nokuthi iyiphi indawo yethu eyizigidigidi. Ukuqala okuhleliwe komsebenzi walesi tescope enkulu ngu-2023.