Ngo-1842, i-physist kanye ne-mathematian Christian Dopler yathola ukuthi uma umthombo womsindo nokubukelwa uhamba ngokuhlobene, imvamisa yomsindo etholwa ngumbukeli akuhambelani nemvamisa yomthombo ozwakalayo. Namuhla sibiza le nto ethi "Doppler Effect" futhi ngezazi zezinkanyezi zayo zifuna ama-ecoplans - imihlaba ezungeza ezinye izinkanyezi ngaphandle kohlelo lwethu lwelanga. I-442 ka-473, ama-exoplanet owaziwa namuhla atholakele kusetshenziswa umphumela we-doppler, okuchaza izinguquko emcimbini wanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsindo noma igagasi elikhanyayo elikhiqizwa umthombo oshukumisayo ohlobene nomthombo oshukumisayo ohlobene nomcebo oshubile. Into evulwa usosayensi wase-Austrian ngekhulu le-19 iyingxenye ebalulekile yemibono yesimanje mayelana nemvelaphi yendalo yethu futhi isetshenziselwa ukubikezela isimo sezulu, kanye nokuxilongwa kwezifo zenhliziyo.
Uyini umphumela we-doppler?
Cabanga nge-puddle, enkabeni yokuthi ihlala ibhungane elinelisekile. Njalo lapho enikina ama-paws akhe, kudala ukuphazamiseka okuhamba emanzini. Uma lokhu kuhlanza kwenzeka kwelinye iphuzu, zizosatshalaliswa kusukela kuleli phuzu kuzo zonke izinkomba. Njengoba intukuthelo ngayinye ihamba endaweni efanayo, bonke bayohamba kuzo zonke izinkomba ngejubane elifanayo.
Iphethini eyenziwe yi-Beetle paws izoba ngochungechunge lwemibuthano efinyelela emaphethelweni ama-puddles avamisile. OBUYELA KWAMANDLA A (Onqenqemeni lwesobunxele lwama-puddles) azobona ukuthukuthela, ukushaya onqenqemeni lwama-puddles avamisile njengababukeli endaweni (onqenqemeni lwesokudla lwama-puddles). Eqinisweni, imvamisa lapho imibuthano ifinyelela khona emaphethelweni ama-puddles izofana nemvamisa lapho ibhungane ishukumisa khona ama-paws, sizokuchaza ngama-perturbation amabili ngomzuzwana.
Manje ake sithi i-Beetle ihamba ku-OBELLE B, ikhiqiza ama-perturbation ngokuvama okufanayo. Njengoba izinambuzane zihamba ngakwesokunene, intukuthelo ngayinye yenzeka eduze komqapheli phakathi nokuqhubeka kusuka kulowo obukele a futhi, kufanelekile, izofinyelela esibonelweni ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu obonayo angabonakala sengathi imvamisa yokufika kwe-perturbation iphakeme kunemvamisa lapho kuvela khona ama-peturbation; Obonayo a, kunalokho, kuzobonakala sengathi imvamisa yokuhlazeka kuphansi kuneqiniso. Lesi sibonelo, sibonisa ngethemba ukuthi umphumela we-doppler.
Izindatshana ezihehayo ngokwengeziwe ekutholweni ngokomzimba okushintsha umhlaba, funda esiteshini sethu eYandex.dzen. Kunezinto ezishicilelwe njalo ezishicilelwe ezingekho esizeni!
Uma kungenjalo, siyaphawula ukuthi umphumela we-doppler ungabhekwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegagasi - amagagasi wamanzi, igagasi lomsindo, i-light wave nokunye. Cabanga nje ukuthi imoto yamaphoyisa ihamba izokuhlangana nawe. Lapho imoto isondela kuwe nge-lilac ivuliwe, umsindo wama-siren uba mkhulu, kepha uthula, njengoba imoto idlula. Lesi ngesinye isibonelo somphumela we-doppler - ukuguquka okusobala kwemvamisa yomsindo owenziwe ngumthombo oshukumisayo.
Ngabe iDopler isebenza kanjani isebenza?
Umphumela weDoppler uthakazelisa kakhulu kwizazi zezinkanyezi ezisebenzisa imininingwane ngokushintsha kwe-electromagnetic wave imvamisa ekhiqizwe izinkanyezi ezishukumisayo emthaleni wethu naphambili. Eqinisweni, ukucabanga kwabaphenyi ukuthi umkhathi wethu unwebeka ngokusheshisa, ngokwengxenye ngokuya ngokubukwa kwamagagasi we-electromagnetic akhishwe yizinkanyezi emithaleni ekude. Kungenzeka futhi ukunquma imininingwane ethile mayelana nezinkanyezi ngaphakathi kwemithala usebenzisa umphumela we-doppler.
Ama-tescopes anamuhla avumela izazi zezinkanyezi zifunde izinkanyezi ngemithala ekude. Njengomthetho, bafuna imithombo yokukhanya ekhipha amaza we-electromagnetic. Bheka umphumela wezazi zezinkanyezi zaseDoppler uma inkanyezi ijikeleza isikhungo sayo sesisindo futhi ihambisa emhlabathini noma kuyo. Lawa ma-wavelength afunwayo angabonakala njengezinguquko ezinhle ku-Star Spectrum - Imibala yeRainbow ikhishwe ukukhanya.
Lapho inkanyezi ishukumisela kithi, ama-wavelength awo acindezelwe, futhi i-spectrum ithola umbala oblue. Lapho inkanyezi isuswa kithi, i-spectrum yayo ibomvu.
Ukuze ubheke ukukhanya okubomvu nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzisa i-spectrograph - iMedAlist ephezulu, ehlanganyela amagagasi akhanyayo angenayo ngemibala ehlukene. Engxenyeni engaphandle yenkanyezi ngayinye kukhona ama-athomu adonsa ukukhanya kuma-wavelength athile, futhi lokhu kufakwa kubonakaliswa ngesimo semigqa emnyama ngemibala ehlukahlukene yenkanyezi yenkanyezi yenkanyezi yenkanyezi yenkanyezi. Abaphenyi basebenzisa amashifu kule migqa njengezimaki ezikahle ukukala amanani omphumela we-doppler.
Bheka futhi: Umphumela weMandela - Kungani abantu bekhumbula ukuthi bekungekho yini?
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungaphawula ukuthi umphumela we-doppler awusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela kwisayensi yezinkanyezi. Kuthunyelwa imisebe ye-radar emkhathini nasekufundeni izinguquko kuma-wavelerth ama-rays embuyiselo, ama-meteorologists afuna amanzi emkhathini. Umphumela weDoppler uphinde wasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ngama-echocardiograms athumela imisebe ye-ultrasonic emzimbeni ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi i-valve yenhliziyo isebenza kahle, noma ukuthola izifo zenhliziyo.