Amanzi yezona zizwe zincinci ze-finonring. Namhlanje, malunga nama-60 abameli beli thynos bahlala eRussia. Phantse bonke bahlala kwiilali zommandla weLeningrad kwi-gulf yaseFinland.
Amanzi akabizwanga ukuba abantu belizwe lelizwe. Bona, njengookhokho babo ekude, bahlale bengabagcini bamasiko amadala kunye nenkcubeko eyahlukileyo. Ngelishwa, namhlanje ababingeleli abanokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngolwimi lwabo lwenkobe, bambalwa. Luhlobo luni lwabantu? Lalinjani ibali lakhe? Kwaye ukuba ikamva linabaguli?
Iimpawu zabantu
Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kweefama zifumaneka kwiTshatha ye-Yaroslav yobulumko, yona yaya umhla we-XI ngenkulungwane. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, imbonakalo yegama "amanzi" kwimithombo yamandulo yaseRussia inokuba nonxibelelwano nolwimi lwe-baltic, apho igama liguqulelwe khona njenge "Wedge".
Inokuthetha ntoni? I-AM, le yenye yeemfihlo ezingachazwanga zeGuanes. Abameli babantu ngokwabo bazibiza ngokuba 'yi-WADDY'. Ndifuna ukuqaphela ukuba ulwimi lwase-Wartky ngokwalo luzakule mihla ubunzima obuninzi bokufunda.
Isizathu sicacile-akukho ngaphezulu kokuba abantu abalishumi elinambini bathetha ngayo ngokukhululekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiiyunivesithi nakwizikolo zommandla kubameli bama-ganoshes, oko kunokwenzeka kukufunda ulwimi lwemveli kuyavulwa, kwaye ke kuya kuhlala kukholelwa ukuba amanzi atshabalalisile.
Omhle kakhulu
Kuba amanzi akwizilwanyana zeBaltic-Finnish, azuza njengelifa imikhwa yobuhlanga obuyidla ilifa kookhokho babo. Ke, umzekelo, abameli bamanxitha babizwa ngokuba basuka eRussia, kwaye le ayisiyongozi.
Phakathi kwababingeleli kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Ebuntwaneni, iinwele zabo zifana nendawo ekhanyayo, kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, umthunzi ka-Ashe.
Mhlawumbi yayilinqaku elahlukileyo elikhokelela kumabali malunga nobuhle babafazi bamanzi. Umbhali-mbali Tumansky, umphandi waseFinnish Portan emva kohambo oluya kwingingqi yeLeningrad wabhala ukuba abameli babantu bahlulwe bubuhle kakhulu.
Kwimisebenzi yomphandi uFer Peorky, unokufunda oku kulandelayo:
"Abasetyhini Chyuds bonke bahle, banoyolo, bathandeka kwaye bathandeka ukukhangela, amehlo ngokukhawuleza, blue oblue ...".Njengoko ubona, kukho uthelekiso lomoya kunye nobugqi, izizwe ezingabamelwane ezichazwe kulwalamano, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zabizwa ngokuba luzwe olunye.
Ukufundisisa imbali yababingeleli ixesha elide kwabangela impikiswano kwizisaziso zemfundo. Ekuqaleni yayikholelwa ukuba abantu bafika kumhlaba wabo wangoku ukusuka kwintsimi ye-Estonia malunga ne-II i-II Mellenium yexesha lethu. Nangona kunjalo, akude kangaka ukuba ikwazi ukuseka ukuba le hypothesis yayiphosakele. Umhlaba wengingqi yeLegingrad yanamhlanje ubususela kumaxesha amandulo yayiyindawo yokuzalwa kwezizwe.
Ukumbiwa kwezinto zakudala kungqina ukuba iindawo zokuhlala ezikhoyo kule mimandla ibikho ngenkulungwane yokuqala kwixesha lethu. Ooyihlo bashiywa ngasemva kwemveliso yokungcwatywa, iimveliso zesokola, izinto zasekhaya, izixhobo kunye nokuhonjiswa. Babonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso kunye nobukho benkcubeko yamandulo kula mazwe.
Ulwazi malunga nomqhubi
Njengoko kulula ukuqikelela, kulula ngokupheleleyo ulwazi lwembali malunga nabantu abancinci, kodwa le datha ithandekayo ikuvumela ukuba uphinde uphinde wona umfanekiso wobomi bezizwe kumaxesha adlulileyo. Ezona zinto ziphambili yayingabalimi bezilwanyana, ezolimo, zonke iintlobo zezobugcisa, kwiimbiza ethile, ukuqhubela kwenkuni kunye nentsimbi. I-NEVA kunye ne-Luga kunye ne-Guga ithathele ingqalelo imvelaphi yabantu babantu.
Kwimithombo ebhaliweyo, amanzi aqatshelwe okokuqala kwi-NoVgorod ye-Avgorod ye-1069. Isicatshulwa siqatshelwe ukuba amanzi athathe inxaxheba kwiphulo leNkosana iPrince Veslav ye-Novgorod, kodwa umkhosi waphulwa yiPrince Gleb. Ndifuna ukutsala ingqalelo yakho kwinto yokuba inyani yeentetho kufuneka iphindwe kwakhona kwimbali iphindaphindwe.
Eyona ntetho ifanelekileyo kuye: iinkosana zeNovgorod zifuna ukubeka abantu berhafu, kodwa iingxaki zothando zange bafune ukunyamezela amandla abantu baseRussia. Nangona kunjalo, imeko itshintshe kakhulu kwiminyaka engama-80 nje emva kwephulo lomkhosi olungaphumelelanga lwe-veslav.
Ngo-1149, iZizwe ze-Yami (kwaye njalo kwi-Kronike, amaqela eentlanga zaseScandinavian abizwayo) enze uhlaselo lwamanzi. Ucinga ntoni, ngubani obonelela ngenkxaso kuhlaselo lotshaba? Novgorod. Ababhali-mbali Olu tshintsho kubudlelwane lwabantu lunxulunyaniswa notshintsho kumandla eNovgorod. Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isikhundla esisesibindi sasiyingenelo kungekuphela ziinkosana kuphela, kodwa nakumagosa abantu basemanzini.
Kanye ngentlahlela kwaye kwaye phantsi kwe-auspices yeNovgorod, abaFinemen babenokukhusela imimandla yabo ekuhlaselweni kwabamelwane abazimisayo. Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo imeko ngohlaselo lwe-EMI, olubonakaliswa ngempumelelo. Kunzima ukuyithetha indlela eya kwenzeka ngayo imbali yababingeleli ukuba babengabhaliswa yinkxaso yeNovgorod.
Izilingo zanaphakade
Ukubetha kakhulu ebantwini yayiyindlala ye-1215. Kwi-Kronike, kuchazwa ukuba icandelo elibalulekileyo lezizwe ziphelile, kwaye abasindileyo banyanzelwa ukuba bafune ubomi obungcono kweminye imimandla. Esi yayisisiqalo sokuhlala kwakhona ngenxa yokuba, u-AM, wayeneziphumo ezibi ze-enknos, ngenxa yokuba iziphumo zabandezelwa ngababingeleli abachithwa phakathi kwabantu abaninzi.
Inkcubeko iye yaguqulwa ngokubonakalayo emva kokwenziwa kobuKristu. Umbhali-mbali N.V. UTshintshe ngeMisebenzi yakhe ubona ukuba kwakuthathwa i-orthodoxy owomeleza amandla e-Novgorod ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
Ezi nkqubo zikhokelela kwi-arger ukuya kwi-slavic kunye ne-izhora. Kwixa elizayo, abantu kwakufuneka bahlupheke kulawulo lwe-livonian kvnian knights, elona candelo libalulekileyo lwemozulu lasiwa eBausk (namhlanje yintsimi yaseLatvia).
Ngeli xesha, amaxesha ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ajamelane nezilingo kunye nobunzima, ukulwa ubukho. Kodwa ngaba aba bantu banyamalala? Le yeyona meko izahlukileyo, kodwa abasemagunyeni kule ndawo bamilise inkqubo yokonga inkcubeko yamanzi, ulwimi olukhethekileyo. Amanzi ayesoloko ecinga ngokwabo abantu baseRussia, kwaye ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina le nxalenye yelifa leRussia.