IRhuluneli yengingqi yeV. KondratyEv icele abavelisi bezolimo ukuba bagqibe ukuthunga nge-1 kaMeyi. Kwaye ukusuka kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwengingqi kwinkxaso-mali yezoLimo eyabelwe ama-271 ezigidi zeerub. Kumhlali ophambili waseRussia, bayaqonda: Ukuhlala kade kungekho lula. Ngokomndilili, ukuphambuka kwimihla ebekiweyo ye-SEV kangangeentsuku ezininzi kukhokelela kwi-Inders ye-0.5-1,0 / iihektare zengqolowa. Ukuba emva kokuba i-seva iya kunqunyulwa entwasahlobo, ipesenti yesivuno isakhula. Xa umhlaba womisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ubushushu bomoya buza kukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yeengcambu kuyawohloka, inkqubo yeqela eliqingqiweyo icothisiwe, kwaye isivuno esicebileyo asikufanelekisi.
Kodwa, kwelinye icala, isihlalo esisesihlalweni siyinto engagungqiyo, nangona sasingaqhelekanga, kodwa siqhele abavelisi bezolimo baseRussia. Umzekelo, ngo-2006, intwasahlobo yayifike emva kwexesha, kwaye lonke ixesha lokuhlwayela lalitshintshwa kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini. Intwasahlobo ihleli ngo-2015 yayisemva kwemimandla yonke yaseRussia. Ke uninzi lwezolimo zezolimo zendawo esemazantsi zaqala i-seva yasentwasahlobo kwishumi yesibini leshumi kaMatshi. Kummandla oMnyama oMnyama oMnyama, kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqale kuphela kwishumi leminyaka yokuqala ka-Epreli ngenxa yeemvula, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunye nekhephu elimanzi. Izikwere kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-Epreli zikhokelele ekukhokeleni kweMigaqo yeSveov kunye neminye imimandla yommandla weVolga. Ngokubanzi, ukuhlala kade kungekho yinto entsha nengalindelekanga. Abavelisi bezolimo baseRussia, izazinzulu kunye nabacebisi bafumene amava aqaqambileyo, avumela ukukhulisa isivuno esihle nokuba iseti yentwasahlobo ilibazisekile.
Ukusebenza kwesipho kunye nembewu
Ukutyala ukulungisa umhlaba, nokuba ngaphantsi kweemeko zexesha lokucinezelwa, kufuneka zibe negalelo ekugcineni umswakama kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokhula. Amava amafama aseYurophu anokuba luncedo apha, ehlala iqhuba ngokuhlala umhlaba kwindinyana enye. KwiSoviet Union, kwasetyenziswa ukumila kulungiselelo lomhlaba ukuze kuhlwayelwe izilimo zentwasahlobo, nangona ingafumananga ngokubanzi. Okwangoku, iimvavanyo zeZiko loPhando lweeNdawo ezibizwe emva kweV. R. Williams ibonisa ukuba kulungile ukungena kunye nokufudumeza komhlaba ngokugaya, iintsholongwane kunye nezityalo zivele ngokukhawuleza. Ukugaya ngokulinganayo kusasaza umswakama kubunzulu obuyi-20 cm kwaye unyuse uhenyuzo lomhlaba.Elinye icebiso livakala i-trite, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbuza: xa kusenziwa i-Seva kuya kufuneka ilungiselele umsebenzi ojikeleze iwotshi. Inqanaba lokuhlwayela ingqolowa yasentwasahlobo ngehambo kade yomsebenzi wentwasahlobo kuya kufuneka inyuke, okanye, ubuncinci, ihlwayelwe kumda ophezulu. Kwaye, kunjalo, kwimeko enjalo, kungcono ukukhetha kwangoko ukukhetha amabanga amaninzi.
Inkcubeko
Kucacile ukuba izityalo ezifike kade zithetha kwaye ixesha elide lokucocwa. Ke ngoko, ngentwasahlobo, kuyimfuneko ukubala amandla akho obuchwephesha ekucoceni, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amathemba okufumana kwimozulu engathandekiyo. Kwimeko yemimandla ephakathi yaseRussia, i-Urals kunye neSiberia akufuneki ibeka emngciphekweni ingqolowa kunye nokuhlwayela ngoJuni. Kungcono ukulahla amabala okanye i-oats. Nditsho ndinolondolozo lokufuma olwaneleyo emhlaba wokuhlwayela ekupheleni kukaMeyi akuzigwebi. Kodwa irhasi kunye ne-oats ebhodini inokuqhutywa kude kube sekuqalekeni kukaJuni. Kunokutshiwo okufanayo malunga ne-peas, i-millet, i-buckwheat. Nangona kunjalo, kwisiqingatha sokuqala sikaJuni, ukuhlwayela kwengqolowa, ukulima ngentwasahlobo, izityalo ezinemikhosi kunye ne-Coarde kufuneka zigqitywe, kungenjalo azinalo ixesha elaneleyo leenkcubeko zokwaluphala.
Ukuba kwenzeka ukuba inxalenye yamasimi ayiyi kuhlwayelwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka ithathe isigqibo sokuba iyabashiya naphantsi kwesitya okanye ukunika izityalo zokutya zonyaka.
Phantsi
Ingqolowa yasentwasahlobo ifuna ukuchuma komhlaba kunezinye iinkolelo. Ngo-1 c, i-sneaker ingqolowa ikwi-avareji, i-nitrogen iyafuneka 3.2-3.6 kg; Phosphorus 1.1 - 1.4 kg kunye ne-potassium 2.2 - 2.6 kg. Kwiimeko apho kufuneka khona ukunciphisa ixesha lokukhula kwaye ukukhawulezisa ukukhula kwenkcubeko, iphosphorus ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngexesha ukusuka kwintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuqala kwetyhubhu, inkqubo yeengcambu yengqolowa iphuhliswa ubuthathaka kwaye isityalo singenako ukusebenzisa iphosphorus yomhlaba. Kungenxa yoko le phosphorus inegalelo kumanqanaba okuqala okukhula kwengqolowa.Ngexesha ukusuka kumde, ingqolowa yasentwasahlobo ithetha kakuhle kwi-nitrogen. I-Nitrojen ephuculweyo kweli xesha inceda ukwenziwa kweengcambu zokucinezelwa, iintyatyambo kunye neentyatyambo, kwaye ikwalula kakhulu kwinqanaba lomzimba, lenza iOgle enkulu. Ukunqongophala kwe-nitrogen ngokwesiko kuyagcwaliswa ngokutsha ngoncedo lokutya okungathandekiyo kwisigaba sokugalela iinkozo. Kuyanceda ukwandisa inqanaba lokugcuma kwingqolowa. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno yokuba abo basasaziweyo baqhutywa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iziphumo ze-tissue kunye ne-leaf colostics. Kufanelekile ukuthelekisa iindleko zomsebenzi kunye nokubuyiswa okucwangcisiweyo. Ke, ngenxa yokwanda kwegluten, ingqolowa iguqulelwa kwenye iklasi, kwaye umahluko kwixabiso lokuthengisa iya kubaluleka, iindleko zokuzondla ziya kuhlawula.
Kwizigaba ezivela kwityhubhu yokuthululwa okuziinkozo, ingqolowa yasentwasahlobo itya kakhulu i-potassium kunye ne phosphorus encinci. Oku kunyusa ubunzima obukhulu beenkozo, ukukhawulezisa ukukhuthaza i-carbohydrate evela kumagqabi kunye neenkozo kwinkozo, kwaye kukhulisa uzinzo lwezityalo kwizifo. Ukongeza, ii-microssts zine-boring, i-molybdenum, i-manganese, i-zinc kunye nezinye ziziswa ngokukhula kwesiqhelo kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo.
Izinambuzane kunye nezifo
Ukuhlwayela kade kwingqolowa yonakaliswe kakhulu zizinambuzane. Ukuvela kwezimbewu zenkcubeko epheleleyo kuyahambelana nehlobo labo. Umonakalo obalulekileyo unokufumana izityalo ezityumkileyo.
Kwindawo yomhlaba engenamnyama kwaye emantla omhlaba omnyama-omnyama-omnyama, iirandi zenkozo yasentwasahlobo inyusa umngcipheko we-fussariaiaisayo kunye nengqolowa. Izifundo ezenziweyo kwi-Altali i-Altai inike iziphumo ezifanayo. Ibarley yasentwasahlobo yafunwa ngexesha lokuvuthwa komhlaba, xa iqondo lobushushu layo kubunzulu be-0-5 cm yayingaphantsi kwe-5 degrees Celsius. Ihlala yenzeka ngo-Epreli 30 ukuya kwi-15 kaMeyi. I-cloots enezityalo zokuqala zivela kwiintsuku ezi-3-4 kamva, kodwa aziphumeleli ziipakethi zengcambu. Ukuxela kwangaphambili kwabameli bezifo ezinemifanekiso eshukumisayo njengoko imbewu ivela kwiingcambu zerhasi yanda ukusuka kwiingcambu zerhasi, kwaye isiqu sahlala singaguqukanga.
KwiRiphabhlikhi yase-Belarus, isifundo sokuphuhliswa kobuncinci obuncinci kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ze-Lupine 1 kwizityalo ezifike emva kwexesha zaphawulwa ngama-33.8- 44% yezityalo. Ngokuhambelana, isivuno esinezityalo zokuqala sasiphantse amaxesha ama-2 ngaphezulu kokufika emva kwexesha.
Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Inkcubeko yothando ye-Thermal (i-millet, i-Corn) yonakaliswa yi-phytoophages kwaye yosulelekile ngamaxesha aPhytophethogeni Amaxesha amaninzi ukuzenza kamva imbewu - ishumi leminyaka leshumi kaJuni. Ngomxhelo owoneleyo womhlaba kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo, imbewu kunye nembewu ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ixesha lexesha lengozi ngokunxulumene neengcingo, umfutha kunye nokubumba imbewu.
Uphando kunye namava aqokelelweyo oqokelelweyo: nkqu nakwiimeko ze-sana, unokufumana isityalo esihle. Ewe kunjalo, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iimpawu zebhayoloji zezityalo nemimandla yazo yokuhlaliswa, kunye ne-bioecology yezitshabalalisi. Kwaye ube namathuba obuchwephesha kunye nezemali ukuze uchithe zonke iziganeko ezifanelekileyo ze-Agrotechnical ngexesha.
Umoya waseMaria
Kumingeni yenqaku, ulwazi lweCandelo lezoLimo lezoLimo lweHlabathi leKrasnodar lalisetyenziswa, i-vick fntz. V.r. I-Williams, iTatniusch Fitz Kazd Ras, FGBNA Federal Altizer Centrance Cendetity ye-Agrobiotechnology, eKurgan Nisch - isebe leFGBnu Uro Res