"Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, zonke iimodeli zinempazamo, kodwa ezinye zazo ziluncedo." La magama e-George Boysing, i-Wibritine Statine Statines Medistist, iluncedo kakhulu ukugcina entloko ngenxa yabo bonke abaphathi.
Ibinzana elithi "iindlela ezilungileyo zolawulo oluhlangeneyo" (LPD) iye yaba sisitampu seshishini le-lexicon. Rhoqo kubonakala ngathi sisixhobo sendalo kuzo zonke iinkampani. Kodwa kuba iinkampani zikawonke-wonke nezingasesidlangalaleni, ulawulo oluhlangeneyo lubaluleke ngokwahlukileyo.
Ukuze bangabi -ngaKwiinkampani zaseRussia zasesidlangalaleni, ukungqinelana kweseti yamacandelo e-LPD, eyenziwe kwiindlela zeshishini zaseNtshona kunye nokulawula, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqulunqwa kwaleseti kuchazwe ngokweenkcukacha kwikhowudi yolawulo oluhlanganisiweyo leBhanki yaseRussia. Abatyalomali beepotifoliyo kwihlabathi jikelele banikela ingqalelo kubukho beempawu zeempawu ze-LPD.
Ubukho beentlawulo zepotifoliyo zaseNtshona kwimarike ye-Russia incitshisiwe. Ihlala ininzi kakhulu, ingozi elungele ukuphakama - ukutshintshiselana ngesivuno esikhulu. Kuya kuhlala kukho abatyali-mali yePortfoliyo, abo balawula uloyiko. Kodwa kwanotyalo-mali lwepotifoliyo ebalaseleyo akanakukwazi ukungakhathaleli ngokupheleleyo ukunqongophala kwabo batyalwe ngabo. Ukuba baya kuyo kwaye bazise ilahleko enkulu, amabango okungakhathali kolwaphulo-mthetho uya konakaliswa kubo. Ke ngoko, baya kuhlala benikela ingqalelo kule nto. Abalawuli baseNtshona Babonisa iimfuno ezininzi kunye neengcebiso ezizezinye ze-PCPS zeenkampani zikawonke-wonke, kwaye abaphathi bePotifoliyo banyanzelwa ukuba bathathele ingqalelo le nto. Ngokuhambelana, ubuncinci beempawu zeempawu ze-LPD apho banakho ukuthathelwa ingqalelo.
Kwicala elahlukileyoUbunzulu bokuqonda kwento yokwenyani yolawulo lwenkampani iRussia ngotyalo-mali bepotifoliyo kunye nefuthe lezigqibo kwizisombululo zotyalo-mali ze-Etinakov. Kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezinje ngomtsalane wentengiso yenkampani, ukubakho kwezixhobo ezizodwa, amathuba enkxaso enkulu ukusuka kuRhulumente nguRhulumente, i-meticulloulility yenkampani, inqanaba lomngcipheko wabaphathi abathile.
Kodwa ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwi-LPD kuya kuhlala kunjalo, kwaye iimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwayo ziya kukhula. La magama anokuvakala njengentetho yomlawuli wesikolo emgceni. Kodwa imeko injalo loo nto.
Ngaba iseti yangoku yezinto ze-LPD kwiinkampani zikawonke-wonke zeRussia zingumxholo ofanayo nangeNtshona? Ngokucacileyo, hayi. Kodwa kungenjalo awukwazi. Lo mahluko uvuza ngaphandle kwezinto ezininzi, ezona zibalulekileyo kulwalelwayo kwimeko yesabelo nenkcubeko kunye nenkcubeko yezentlalontle. Umahluko ofanayo ukhona phakathi kweenkampani zikawonke-wonke zasentshona kunye nobukhulu beenkampani zikawonke-wonke kwamanye amazwe ngeemarike ezivelayo. Kodwa uninzi lwamazwe akhokelayo ngeemarike ezivelayo, imeko yeshishini inegalelo ekukhuleni (zombini ezemali kunye nezoqoqosho kunye nentlalo) kwiifom ze-LPD kunye nokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kumgangatho wabo wokwenyani.
ERussia, le meko iya kuvela ngokukhawuleza kwicala elahlukileyo. "Iingoma ezindala malunga neyona nto iphambili" ziya kuthi zimiselwe yindawo yeshishini. Eyona nto iphambili ngoku kwiinkampani zikawonke-wonke zaseRussia kukugcina inqanaba lokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-LPD, ukuze ingabi yingozi epheleleyo yePorfolio yeHlabathi yeHlabathi, ayiphulukani namava aqokelelweyo kulawulo lwenkampani. Imali yentengiso yezi nkampani igqibelele kungekuphela kweshishini labo, kodwa neemvakalelo ezibangelwe ngabatyali-mali. Kwaye aba bamiselwa ikakhulu kwinqanaba lokuthobela i-LPD.
Nceda uphuhliso lweshishiniIinkampani zaseRussia ezingezoluntu eziPhakathi yibali elahlukileyo. Izifundo zolawulo lwabo olwahlulwa kwezolawulo ezenziweyo ngeZiko labaLawuli baseRussia (i-REED) ukusukela ngo-2015, bonisa ukuba iyakhula. Kodwa olu phuculo luzimisele ukuba luxinzelelo lwabatyali mali lwangaphandle, kodwa iimfuno zabanini zale nkampani. Ezi zigqibela zikhethwe izinto ze-LPD kwaye zilungelelanise phantsi kwemisebenzi yazo.
Inani leenkampani ezenza iingcebiso zabalawuli ziyanda, kuquka kwiimeko apho ummiselo akafuni oku (kwisampulu yeinkampani ngo-2015 kwaye i-52%, dibanisa i-12% de facto isebenza kwinani yemisebenzi yeengcebiso) kunye neekomiti kuzo (2015 - 43%, 2020 - 53%).
Inani labalawuli bangaphandle liyanda njengenxalenye yamaBhunga kwaye kuthathelwe ukutshintshwa kwemizimba yabo (i-20% ngo-2015 - 28% ngonyaka wama-2020). Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo inento eyahlukileyo kunenkampani zikarhulumente. Yenzelwe ukungakhuseli iipotifoliyo kubatyali-mali, kodwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kweshishini, kubuyekeza ubuchule bawo kunye nolawulo. Ukusuka kumalungu angaphandle kwiBhodi yaBalawuli, ukuqonda okufanelekileyo kweendawo eziphambili zeshishini ziyafuneka.
Izibonelelo ezisebenzayo zabalawuli ezenziwa kwezi nkampani zibonakalisiwe ngokucacileyo kwezi ndawo zilandelayo.
Kodwa ayilunganga ukusebenzisa iindlela ezisemthethweni zamalungu anjalo eenkampani ezinjalo kunye nemfuneko yokwenza ulawulo kunye nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi yomnini (ngaphandle kokuba, akuyi kubabuza ngawo). Ibinzana elithi "umlawuli wangaphandle" uchaza ngokufanelekileyo imeko yenyani kunye nemisebenzi yamalungu eSoviet. Ukuhlala kwabo kwiBhunga ngokupheleleyo kuxhomekeke kumnini wenkampani. Umsebenzi woPhicotho-zincwadi lwangaPhakathi kwiinkampani ezinjalo zenziwa ukuze kuncede umniniyo ukuba aqonde ukuba nobuthathaka benkqubo yolawulo edalwe nguye, iimpazamo kwaye zinokubakho kulawulo lwazo (ngonyaka, 2020 - I-38%). Kuyamangalisa ukufuna indima yokuthatha isigqibo kwimisebenzi yalo msebenzi kwinkampani enjalo, amalungu angaphandle eBhunga lidlale.
Olunye ulawulo lwentsebenzoAbo bancoma ngenkuthalo inkqubo yolawulo kwiinkampani ezinjalo, enkosi apho inkampani inokuqhuba ngempumelelo nakweyiphi na inkampani ephantsi yokuthatha inxaxheba komniniyo okanye ithathe inxaxheba, kuyafuneka ukukhumbula into ejikelezileyo. Oko, umngcipheko wokungaphaya kweRussia akaphungulwa, kodwa akhula, kwaye inkqubo yokugweba ikhusela kakubi kuyo. Onke labanini beenkampani ezinjalo kunye namabhunga abo, abacebisi kufuneka bakhunjulwe kwizindululo ngolwazi olucacileyo lweenkampani, ukuphunyezwa koMvuzo woLawulo.
Inxalenye yeenkampani ezingengo-Russian ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuthe ngcembe inyusa inani lezinto ze-LPD, abangenisa kwiindlela zabo zolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo - kwingcinga yayo, abaqhubi abaphambili, isantya sotshintsho-sahluke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuphumeza i-LPD kwiinkampani zikawonke-wonke. Intshukumo yenziwa, ethi, mhlawumbi, inokubizwa ngokuba "nolunye ulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo".
Kwaye kuyindalo.
Uluvo lombhali lungangqinelani nesikhundla soshicilelo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha.