Uma nje ukuhamba sekuyinto yokukhubazeka maqondana nobhubhane, izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zabantu zaqhutshwa ngezindiza zonke izinsuku. Lezi cishe izimo ezinhle zokwenza ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, ngoba endaweni eyodwa inani elikhulu labantu liyahamba. Ngendlela efanayo, ukugxila okukhulu kwezindiza ezinkulu kukhulisa inani eliphakeme lokufa lapho kuhlasela izindiza, kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa indiza ebunjiwe njengesikhali esidilizayo ngenxa yezigebengu. Kungakho ukulawulwa kokuphepha ezikhumulweni zezindiza kuqinile kakhulu. Kepha bekungenjalo njalo, futhi sizokutshela ngendlela ezokuphepha ezindaweni zokunqwabelana ngobuningi kubantu abahlela ukuya endizeni.
Umsuka wenkinga
Esikhathini esivela kuMeyi 1961, ngasekupheleni kuka-1972, ukwelashwa kwezindiza eziyi-159 kwenziwa e-United States Airpace. Le nkathi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iminyaka yegolide yokudunwa kwendiza. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuguqulwa kweCuba ngo-1959, amaduna aqala ukufuna ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bathumba izindiza bandize eCuba, ukuthi amamayela ayi-1518 kuphela asogwini lwaseMelika. Iningi lazo lalikholelwa ukuthi bazohlangana njengamaqhawe wenguquko, uFidel Castro uzowathatha ngaphansi kokuzivikela kwabo, futhi ngeke kube nesijeziso.
Izicelo ziye zaba njalo kangaka ukuthi ibinzana elithi "ngithathe ngiye eCuba!" Egcwele imidwebo kaMonti Paiton. Kepha uFidel wayengekho ngokushesha ukuthatha amaFugitives, futhi ebona ithuba lokuhlazisa uHulumeni wase-US, anikezela ukubuyisa indiza yezindiza ngamadola angama-7 500.
Okufanele ngikwenze?
Uhulumeni wase-US wanquma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokunquma okuthile, ngoba isimo saqala ukubukeka sihlekisa. Kwakukhona nomqondo wokwakha inguqulo engelona iqiniso lesikhumulo sezindiza saseHavana eSouth Florida, ukuze izindiza ezebiwe zifike lapho. Kepha iphrojekthi ibibiza kakhulu, futhi ama-hijackers awakwazanga ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele futhi ahlukaniswe yiCuba evela e-United States.
Umqondo wohlelo oluphumelele ngokwengeziwe ubolekwe ohlelweni lwamasosha aseMelika naseMelika. Umnyombo wayo kwakuwukusebenzisa imishini yensimbi noma amadivaysi e-X-ray wokuhlola bonke abagibeli. Lezi ubuchwepheshe obusha obusezingeni elifanele selisetshenziswe ngempumelelo emajele athile aqinile regime nasezikhungweni zempi ezicashile. Kepha uMnyango Wezinsuku Zokundiza (i-FAA) wenqabile lo mbono, ngoba, ngombono wabo, izinyathelo ezinjalo bekungaba nomthelela ongemukelekile wezengqondo kubagibeli.
Izinyathelo zokuqala ezithathiwe
Okokuqala, i-airline yanqunywa ukuthi kuzoba okulungile ukuhambisana nazo zonke izimfuno zabaduni ukunciphisa udlame ngemuva kokuthathwa kwezindiza. Injongo bekuwukukwenza ukudunwa ngokushesha futhi kungenabuhlungu futhi kungenabuhlungu, kepha kwakungekho mphumela omuhle.
I-FAA yabe isinqume ukuphendukela komunye umbono - ukuhlola indlela yokuziphatha nokubukeka komuntu. Izazi zezengqondo zaqala ukubekwa abagibeli ngokususelwa ezimweni ezinjengokukhula, ukungakwazi ukugcina ukuxhumana okubonakalayo, kanye nokukhathazeka ngemithwalo yabo. Lapho umuntu aziphatha ngendlela exakile, wahambisana negumbi elihlukile lokuhlola futhi wahlola umtshina wensimbi.
Le ndlela ibukeka ingathembeki kakhulu, kepha ngeze. Ngo-1986 kungenzeka ukubala i- "Live Bomb" kaMariya-Ann Murphy, owayephethe iziqhumane ebhodini. Le ntombazane ayizange ifanekise ukuqhekeka kwe-stereotypical of amaphekula. Kepha i-Ireland esencane ekhulelwe - i-catholity yagxuma kancane, iphendula umbuzo mayelana nemithwalo kanye nenkonzo yezokuphepha yakwazi ukubona usongo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abagibeli ngokwabo basekela lezo zinyathelo futhi akuvamile ukuthi baphikise isheke elengeziwe. Lapho sebevulelekile kamuva, iningi labaningi baphendula ngokuthi bajabule nje ukuthola ukuthi ekugcineni wakwenziwa ukuvimbela ukudunwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukunaka imininingwane ebuthaka, futhi lesi silinganiso njengoba okuwukuphela komthombo wokuphepha akwanele.
Ukuqinisa uhlelo lokuhlola
Kwakudingeka ukuthi kuqhamuke nesinqumo esisebenza ngempumelelo, kwathi lapho wonke umuntu ekhunjulwa mayelana nenketho nomtshina wensimbi kanye ne-X-ray Appationatus. NgoJulayi 17, 1970, isikhumulo sezindiza samazwe omhlaba e-Orleans eLouisiana saba yisikhumulo sezindiza sokuqala esaqala ukusebenzisa ama-magnetometers ukuthola izikhali noma izinto zensimbi kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwabagibeli.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 5, 1973, kwethulwa ukuhlolwa kwendawo yonke, kwathi ngakunye kwadingeka ukuba ngithole izitholi zensimbi, futhi kunikeze isikhwama sokuhlolwa. Kamuva, kwalandela unyaka kamuva kwavela umthetho ofanele ekuvikelekeni kwezokuthutha komoya. Ukudunwa kwendiza kwendiza kwaphenduka ingozi enkulu eminyakeni engama-50 edlule. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zanciphisa kakhulu inani lamacala anjalo, kodwa, maye, azange aqede ngokuphelele ubungozi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho "ukusonteka kwamantongomane"
Ngemuva kosizi olubi kakhulu ngo-1988, lapho ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kudabula abantu abangama-270, kwaqala ukunakekelwa okukhethekile emithwalweni yabagibeli. Iqiniso ngukuthi ibhomu eBoing 747 liwile phezu kweScotland lalisesikhwameni, esadlula ku-X-ray! Kepha ukunganaki kobugebengu kanye nokunganaki kwezinsizakalo zezokuphepha kwaholela enhlelweni.
Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11, ezombusazwe zeminyango evaliwe e-cockpit of Pilots zaqala ukwenziwa ngenkuthalo, futhi ukuvinjelwa kwezinto ezibukhali ezazinezinwele ezazibhalwe ngesandla. Futhi nangemva kwalokho, ngemuva komzamo ongaphumelelanga wokuhlehlisa izindiza ngokuqhuma koketshezi, imikhawulo entanjeni yoketshezi ekhishini.
Imizimba yokulawula kulula kakhulu ukwenqabela konke okungaba yingozi kunokuchitha isikhathi esiningi eshekeni eliphelele kukho konke nakho konke. Izindiza zingaqondakala futhi, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngaphezu kokuphepha, bafuna ukunciphisa ulayini nesikhathi sokudlula konke amasheke.
Kuhlala kukhona udaba olubi lokusindisa ibhalansi phakathi kokuhambisana nezindlela zokuphepha kanye nokuphazamiseka kwabahambi kanye nokulondolozwa kwempilo yabo yangasese. Imvamisa, abantu baphoqeleka ukuthi bahlale amahora amaningi ezindaweni zokulinda ngethemba lokuthi bazofakwa ezweni, noma babheke ukuthi bakhula kanjani ezintweni zabo. Inqubo ehlazisayo kakhulu, kepha esimweni esinjalo asikho lutho. Kuyadumala kakhulu ukuthi zonke lezi zenzo zethulwa njengezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Kepha sonke kudingeka sibeke lokhu okwenzekayo, ngoba kuwukulawulwa okuphelele okwenza izindiza ziyindlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokuhamba emhlabeni.