UTsar Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov uthole igama lesidlaliso lesidlaliso, kepha ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe kwezimpi eziqhubekayo zaseRussia namanye amazwe, futhi umbuso uqobo wasinda ngezikhathi ezinzima zokuguqulwa kwezinguquko. Ukuguqulwa okuningi kwanikeza imiphumela emihle, ngoba yachazwa ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekhona izinto ezintsha eziphumelelayo kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, inguquko yezimali. Inkosi yaphoqelela ukuthi kuhlangatshezwane namandla anamandla kwaphoqeleka ukuba zenze izindlela ezinqumayo, zinikeze umyalo wokukhiqiza izinhlamvu zemali zethusi. Kungabonakala sengathi yonke into ibinengqondo impela, nokho, umbono ka-Alexei Mikhailovich kanye nokuguqulwa kwakhe kwaphenduka abantu baseBunth. Yini esho ukuguqulwa kwemali? Kungani ukuguqulwa kwavela ukuthi ayiphumelelanga kangako? Futhi waletha i-Russia?
Izizinda zokuguqulwa
Kuze kube ngu-1654, kwakukhona izinhlamvu zemali zamasampula amaningana eRussia - ipeni nemali eyayithunyelwe ngesiliva, kanye ne-semi, okushiwo yi-Fleden Wire. Bonke babenomhlambi omncane, kepha abukho amayunithi amakhulu ezimali. Masicabange ngokushesha ukuthi kwenza kanjani kwaba nzima ukuhweba. Ukuthengiselana okukhulu kuphuze kakhulu isidingo sokubala nokuphinda usebenzise izinkulungwane zemali. Ngokumangazayo, kodwa futhi ngokungahambi kahle, isimo sezinto ezinjalo sithinte ukuhweba okuncane, okwakunzima ukwenziwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlamvu zemali ezingenakwenzeka. Umphumela waba ukuwohloka kwesimo sezomnotho sezwe, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho.
U-Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov, ngenxa yezimpi zempi eziphumelelayo, ezikwazile ukujoyina insimu yaseRussia, eMalorossia kanye nenqwaba yamazwe aseBelarusian. Kulezi zindawo, isampula laseYurophu lalisakazwa, elalinqoba kakhulu izinhlamvu zemali zaseRussia. Esikhathini sempi nempi, isidingo saba isidingo sokwethula amayunithi amasha emali, azothi afike kuzakwabo abanenkani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakusebenza ezisekela uMgcinimafa zazingeyenele ngenxa yezimpi ezinde futhi zaphulwa ubhubhane lwesifo. Umnotho wezezimali udinga ukuguqulwa, umnotho ofanayo odingekayo, futhi kwakuwukuguqulwa ngokunembile okungashintsha isimo eRussia.
Ukuqaliswa kokuguqulwa kwezezimali
Ngokwemibono, ukuguqulwa bekuyikuxazululwa okunengqondo ukuxazulula izinkinga. Nokho izinhlamvu zemali zethusi zangeniswa ezikhalweni, noma kunjalo, amayunithi angaphambili awakhethwanga kusuka ku-inverver. Ukuhweba okukhulu sekutholile ithuba lokusebenzisa hhayi kuphela imali yenani elincane elincane, okusho ukuthi ukuvela kwezinhlamvu ezintsha zemali kwakufanele kuthinteke kahle emnothweni wezwe.
Ngo-1654, ama-ruble athunyelwa ngokuhleleka kwenkosi. Ezinhlotsheni ezalandela, imvume kwakuwukuqala ukujaha iFilnikov, uhhafu wokuzivikela, i-hryvnia, i-altyans ne-grip. Ngemuva konyaka, imali eningi yayinesampula entsha, nokho, iningi labantu liyakugwema ukulisebenzisa lalisebenzisa kakhulu ngokungena kakhulu.
Amaphutha amakhulu
Kunjalo njengoba kungaphawulwa, abantu babengenakho ukuzethemba amandla, okwakucasulwa amaphutha amaningi ekusetshenzisweni kwezinguquko. Umhloli uD. E. Browev eRussia eRussia ukhombisa isici esikhethekile:
Kwakuyisikhundla esingalungile ngamabomu. Le nqubomgomo idinga ukukhokhwa kwentela kuphela ngesiliva, kanti iholo likhokhwa ngezinhlamvu zemali zethusi. Akuzange kube khona ukushintshaniswa kwamahhala kwemali yethusi ngesiliva. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izitatimende ezizwakala njalo ezingekho umehluko phakathi kwemali yesampula entsha neyakudala. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lokhu kubelelwa abantu? Vele, cha, ngakho-ke iningi labantu lizame ukungasebenzisi izinhlamvu zemali zethusi ezazinenani elingabazekayo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kosongo lokujeziswa, inani labantu labelwe ukuthi lithathe imali yethusi, kanti uhulumeni uqobo ulithanda kakhulu isiliva.
Ukuqedwa okungaphumelelanga kokuguqulwa
Umthelela omkhulu ekubuyiselweni kokuguqukayo kwe-Alexei Mikhailovich kwakunemisebenzi ye-fakes. Imali yethusi ingafakwa ifakwe kalula, ngoba yonke imishini yayibanjwe ngesandla. Ngokwezincwadi eziyishumi nambili ezikhishwe yikhanda lezinkomba: kusuka kunani labantu ukuqoqa intela ngesiliva kwababili izingxenye ezintathu, futhi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela - yethusi. Ngasikhathi sinye, yilolu hlobo luhlobo lweKabatskaya, lwempahla yasebukhosini, ngemisebenzi nentela, "abantu kufanele bakhokhele izinhlamvu zesiliva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifundeni ngazinye, ngokwesibonelo, eSiberia, futhi nhlobo bekungasizi ngalutho ukukhokha ukukhokha kwethulwa yi-Dani yethusi, ngoba kule ndawo kwakukhona iqoqo lesifazane elide. Zazisekele imali ekhokhwayo ephakeme kakhulu. Ukuhweba nabafokazi nabo kungasetshenziswa ithusi. Njengoba isazi-mlando uJ. Shiks siphawula, imali yethusi ibingabizwa ngokuthi "imali yendawo", ngoba empeleni ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphakathi kwezwe. Inani lemikhawulo ehlotshaniswa nezinhlamvu zemali yethusi, ukungathembeki kwabantu sekuphenduke Imbangela yokuhlubuka kwethusi okwakhanyisa eMoscow ngo-1662. Inani lamadolobha amakhulu aseRussia abuye athinta isiphithiphithi sabantu. Uhulumeni waphoqeleka ukuba ayeke ukusetshenziswa kwezinguquko zezimali, okuholele ekungazinzileni emphakathini. Imali yethusi yahoxiswa, futhi ukushintshaniswa kwakuyimali ekhompyupeli eyi-100 esiliva eli-1. Ukuphenya Ukuphenya Kwaba ngumzamo ongaphumelelanga wokuguqula izigaba zezezimali nakwezomnotho. Iphutha eliyinhloko kwakuwukwenziwa okungalungile kohlelo oluhleliwe. Ngokuzayo, indodana kaTsar Alexei, uPetru ongowokuqala ngesisekelo salolu cwaningo asebenzisa izinto zawo ezintsha, esebenzisa ezinye izindlela, futhi umphumela uzophumelela kakhulu. Eqinisweni, amaphutha okuguqula u-Alexei Mikhailovich akhombise ababusi abalandelayo ekushishweni okulungisiwe esikhathini esizayo.