"Empeleni, wonke amamodeli anephutha, kepha amanye awo ayasiza." Lamagama kaGeorge Boxing, uchwepheshe wezibalo waseBrithani odumile, usiza kakhulu ukugcina ekhanda yibo bonke ababambisene.
Isisho esithi "Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokubusa Kwezinkampani" (LPD) isibe isitembu se-lexicon yebhizinisi. Imvamisa kubukeka njengethuluzi lendawo yonke yazo zonke izinkampani. Kepha izinkampani zomphakathi nezingezona zomphakathi, ukuphathwa kwenhlangano kuhlukile ngokoqobo.
Ukuze bangabilelwanga lokunganakiIzinkampani zaseRussia zaseRussia, ukuvumelana kweqoqo lezakhi ze-LPD, kwakhiwa emisebenzini yebhizinisi laseNtshonalanga kanye nokulawula, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwaleli sethi kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ekhodini lokuphatha le-Corporate of the Bank of Russia. Abatshalizimali abahola phambili abatshalizimali bomhlaba wonke banaka ukuba khona kwezimpawu zezimfanelo ze-LPD.
Ukuba khona kwabatshalizimali baseNtshonalanga portfolio emakethe yezimali yaseRussia kuyancishiswa. Ihlala iningi lezingozi zesikhathi esifushane, ezilungele ukuphakama - ukushintshana ngesivuno esikhulu. Kuzohlala kukhona abatshalizimali bephothifoliyo baseNtshonalanga, ukwesaba okuhlela kabusha ukuhaha okuhleliwe. Kepha ngisho nabatshalizimali basephothifoliyo abahlelekile abakwazi ukungakunaki ngokuphelele ukuntuleka kwezimpawu kulabo abatshaliwe. Uma beya kuyo futhi baletha ukulahleka okukhulu, izimangalo zobugebengu buzonakaliswa ngokumelene nabo. Ngakho-ke, ziyohlala zinaka lokho. Abalawuli baseNtshonalanga bakhombisa izidingo nezincomo eziningi nezincomo ze-PCS yezinkampani zomphakathi, nabaphathi bezimali zephothifoliyo baphoqeleka ukuba bacabangele lokhu. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, isethi ephansi yezimpawu ze-LPD abayinaka ngayo iyakhula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothiUkujula kokugcwaliseka komkhuba wangempela wokuphathwa kwezinkampani zomphakathi waseRussia ngabatshalizimali bephothifoliyo kanye nethonya leziphetho ezixazululweni zokutshalwa kwezimali ze-non-etinakov. Kuya ngezinto ezifana nokuheha kwemakethe yenkampani, ukutholakala kwezinsizakusebenza ezihlukile, amathuba okusekelwa okukhulu kusuka kuhulumeni ngumbuso, "ukumboza" le nkampani, izinga lokuphindwa kweziphathi zengozi.
Kepha ukunakwa kwe-LPD kuzohlala kunjalo, futhi izidingo zokusebenzisa kwazo zizokhula. Lawa magama angazwakala njengenkulumo yomqondisi wesikole emugqeni. Kepha isimo sinjalo impela.
Ingabe iqoqo lamanje lezakhi ze-LPD ezinkampanini zomphakathi zaseRussia ziye okuqukethwe okufanayo nakuseNtshonalanga? Ngokusobala, cha. Kepha uma kungenjalo awukwazi. Lo mehluko uvuza ezintweni eziningi, okubaluleke kakhulu okuwumehluko ngokwabelana ngemali yesabelomali kanye nesiko lezenhlalo. Umehluko ofanayo ukhona phakathi kwezinkampani zomphakathi waseNtshonalanga kanye iningi lezinkampani zomphakathi nakwamanye amazwe anezimakethe ezivelayo. Kepha iningi lamazwe aholayo anezimakethe ezivelayo, imvelo yebhizinisi linomthelela ekukhuleni kwezinkuthazo (zombili zezezimali nezomnotho nakwezenhlalo) ukuboleka izinhlobo ze-LPD kanye nokwanda kancane kancane ngezinga lokuqaliswa kwangempela.
ERussia, le ndawo izovela ngokushesha ngaphesheya. "Izingoma ezindala ngento esemqoka" zinqunywa yizemvelo zebhizinisi. Into esemqoka manje ezinkampanini zomphakathi zaseRussia ukugcina izinga elitholakele lokuhambisana namazinga we-LPD, ukuze lingabi yingozi ngokuphelele kwabatshalizimali bephothifoliyo yomhlaba, bangalahli isipiliyoni esiqoqiwe emkhakheni wezezimali. Catatation makethe walezi zinkampani azinqunywa hhayi kuphela ngesimo sebhizinisi labo, kodwa futhi nemizwa ebangelwa abatshalizimali. Futhi eyokugcina inqunywe kakhulu ngezinga lokuhambisana ne-LPD.
Siza Ukuthuthukiswa KwebhizinisiIzinkampani ezingekho emphakathini zaseRussia ziyindaba ehlukile. Ucwaningo lwezenzo zabo zokuphatha ezihlanganisiwe ezenziwa yiRussia Institute of Directors (Reed) kusukela ngonyaka ka-2015, bonisa ukuthi iyakhula. Kepha le ntuthuko inqunywa hhayi ingcindezi yabatshalizimali bangaphandle, kepha izidingo zabanikazi balezi zinkampani. Lezi zitolo zikhethwe izinto ngazinye ze-LPD futhi zizishintshe ngaphansi kwemisebenzi yazo.
Inani lezinkampani ezakha izeluleko zabaqondisi liyanda, kufaka phakathi ezimweni lapho umthethonqubo ungadingi lokhu (kusampula ye-REED - ama-67% ezinkampani ngonyaka ka-2015 no-67% ngonyaka ka-2020, kanye ne-12% de facto ekhona esebenza inombolo yemisebenzi yezeluleko) namakomidi kuzo (2015 - 43%, 2020 - 53%).
Isibalo sabaqondisi bangaphandle siyanda njengengxenye yemikhandlu kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kwemizimba yabo (20% ngonyaka ka-2015 - 28% ngo-2020). Kodwa-ke, le nqubo inesimo esihlukile kunezinto ezikhona zomphakathi. Yenzelwe ukungavikeli abatshalizimali bephothifoliyo, kepha ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwangaphakathi kwebhizinisi, kunxephezele amandla anganele anabanikazi kanye nabaphathi. Kumalungu angaphandle eBhodi Yabaqondisi, ukuqonda okuhle kwezindawo eziphambili zebhizinisi kuyadingeka.
Izinzuzo ezingokoqobo zabaqondisi ezidalwe kulezi zinkampani ziboniswa ngokucacile kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo.
Kepha kuyahlekisa ukusebenzisa izindlela ezisemthethweni zamalungu angaphandle ezinkampani ezinjalo kanye nesidingo sokuqapha ukugada nokulawula imisebenzi yomnikazi (ngaphandle kwalapho, ngeke acele ngakho). Igama elithi "Umqondisi Wangaphandle" lichaza kahle isimo sangempela nemisebenzi yalolo lamalungu eSoviet. Ukuhlala kwabo emkhandlwini kuncike ngokuphelele kumnikazi wenkampani. Umsebenzi wokucwaningwa kwamabhuku wangaphakathi ezinkampanini ezinjalo zenziwa ukuze usize umnikazi kungcono ukuqonda ubuthakathaka bohlelo lokuphatha obaliwe nguYe (ngo-2015 - 27%, 2020 - 38%). Kuyamangaza ukudinga indima enqumayo emisebenzini yalo msebenzi enkampanini enjalo, amalungu angaphandle oMkhandlu adlalwa.
Ukuphathwa KwezinkampaniLabo abancoma ngenkuthalo ukudala uhlelo lokuphatha ezinkampanini ezinjalo, ngenxa yokuthi inkampani ingasebenza ngempumelelo ngokubamba iqhaza komnikazi wayo noma ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwakhe, kuyadingeka ukukhumbula iqiniso elizungezile. Okungukuthi, ingozi yokuhlasela eRussia ayincishisiwe, kepha ngisho nokukhula, futhi uhlelo lokwahlulela luvikela kabi kulo. Lo msebenzi wabanikazi bezinkampani ezinjalo kanye nemikhandlu yabo, abeluleki badinga ukukhunjulwa ngezincomo ekucacisweni kolwazi kwezinkampani, ukwenziwa komkhuba wokuholelwa kwabaphathi ngokunyuswa kwangempela.
Ingxenye yezinkampani ezingezona ezomphakathi zaseRussia zandisa kancane kancane inani lezakhi ze-LPD, ezikwethula ezindleleni zazo zokuphatha. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo - ku-logic yayo, abashayeli abaphambili, ijubane lokushintsha - lihluke kakhulu kwinqubo yokusebenzisa i-LPD ezinkampanini zomphakathi. Kwenziwa umkhuba, okuthi, mhlawumbe, kungabizwa ngokuthi "okunye ukuphathwa kwenhlangano".
Futhi kungokwemvelo.
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