Bendifuna ukubhala inqaku malunga nomgangatho wokwakhiwa kwedolophu ngokunxulumene nomgangatho wobukhosi kunye neSoviet, kodwa emva koko ndabona ifilimu ekufumaneni izindlu zeWooden.
Ibali lokuhamba kwezakhiwo zamatye lahluthwe ifilimu efanayo, hayi eMelika kuphela, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye apha ulwazi oluqhutywa malunga nento, kuya kuba se-USSR, nokuba iStalin, eMoscow, amawaka amawaka ezakhiwo eziphilayo ayeshukunyiswa ngempumelelo, kwaye kanye loo nto imangalisayo kukuba abemi ngokwabo abakhange bavakalelwe nokuba indlu yabo ihamba.
Ukukhangela ulwazi oluthe kratya, mna, ngokungaqhelekanga, kwakuqala zonke izinto ezikhethekileyo umbhali waseSoviet Agnia Bartto obizwa ngokuba "yindlu":
Lo mbongo wabhalwa, obizwa njalo, kwiindlela ezishushu, ngo-1938.
Xa ufunda ngakumbi ngenkqubo yokuhamba kwezakhiwo ngaloo minyaka, ndothuswa sisikali, apho sukuntso nje lomsebenzi wethu. Ngaphandle kweekhompyuter, ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezichanekileyo zokubeka i-satelling, ngaphandle kwetekhnoloji yale mihla, abantu balawulwa, apho, ayizukuthatha khona zonke iinjineli. Kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ngentlekele enye, hayi ingozi enye, hayi imeko enye yexesha likaxakeka, ayenzeki xa isusa izakhiwo!
Mhlawumbi le ibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokuphuhliswa kwengcinga yobunjineli etsha yaseSoviet, eyathi yanyamalala kwiminyaka engama-20 ngaphambili, ngo-1917, xa phantse i-Intelliigia ye-Intelligia yakudala yagxothwa kweli lizwe, okanye Ngaba utshatyalalisiwe?
Ngokubanzi, umbono wezakhiwo ezihambayo ngomgama omde awuyonto intsha. Izakhiwo ezifudukele kwindawo ukuya kwiindawo eziphakathi, nangona zingahlali njalo, eyona nto ibhaliswe rhoqo. ERussia, indlu yokuqala yasuswa ngo-1812, kodwa ke kukho icawe yomthi, ngaphezu koko, le meko yayinye.
Olona phuhliso luphambili kolu lwaza luqalisa eUnited States ekuqaleni kuka-1970s yenkulungwane ye-Xix, inkampani ekhethekileyo yayisekwe, emva koko inani leenkampani ezifanayo liye lenyuka. Kodwa ke baseMerika wakwazi ukuthutha ilitye Buildings nje iimitha ezimbalwa, lo gama Izakhiwo zokuhlala babe phantse Izakhiwo akukho zokuhlala (hayi ngomthi!) - iicawa kuphela, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, iivenkile kunye nezinye izakhiwo orhwebo ziyashukuma. Ngapha koko, ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi kwizakhiwo, bonke abantu basuswa, kulungile, ukuba bangaphumi.
Kwaye kuphela e-USSR, phantsi kwe-tilin, intshukumo yezakhiwo eziphakamileyo zokunyuka, kwaye bonke abaqeshi bazo, kwaye bonke aba baqeshi khange bakrokrela nantoni na. Inyani yile yokuba imihla yokuhamba ayichazwanga, kwaye intshukumo yendawo yokwakha yenziwa ebusuku xa wonke umntu elele. Kwangelo xesha bekungekho thuba lonxibelelwano-ukukhanya kutshiswa kwizakhiwo, amanzi aphuma kwiikhreyithi kunye nogutyulo bekusebenza. Lonke unxibelelwano lwadityaniswa lusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwexeshana, ke, amanzi kunye nemibhobho yothungiweyo yafundiswa kusetyenziswa iimpuphu zerabha, kwaye nombane kwalulula kakhulu.
Ekuseni, abantu bavukile, bahlanganisana ukuba basebenze kwaye babona imihlaba eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo efestileni! Uninzi lwabo, nangona babesazi ukuba indlu iya kushukuma, kodwa yayingakulungeli nje ukuba iqaphele iziphumo ezintle, umntu ucinga ukuba uphambene, umntu othile wakubiza amapolisa entlokweni. Kwaye kuyamangalisa! Ndingayiqhuba njani indlu ukuze netipuni kwiglasi ayityibiliki? Kwaye imeko enjalo yayiye - inye yezifundo zomsebenzi ngamnye eofisini yakhe, isela rhoqo iti, kwaye kusasa, xa icinyiwe ngaphandle kwefestile, ndaqala ukuqaphela. Kuyinyani, wachithachitha kwaye elibele nje ukuba ukutshixiza kwenziwe ngendlu yakhe.
Yayiyintoni le nkqubo yokuhamba kwezakhiwo zokuhlala?
Inyani yile yokuba ngo-1935 isicwangciso sokutshalwa ngokutsha kweZiko eliKhululekileyo lavunywa. Ngokwesiqhelo kule meko, uninzi lwamakhaya luyadilizwa, kodwa ingxaki yayikukupheliswa kukuba uninzi lwezakhiwo eziphazamisayo nokutshata kwamkelwa njengembali kwaye akuzange kutshatyalaliswe. Ewe, ukuqhelisela ihlabathi elilungiselelwe ngenxa yesakhiwo, ukudluliselwa kwazo zonke iindawo "zangaphantsi" kwenye indawo kunye nendibano elandelayo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ibibiza kakhulu kwaye ide, kwaye ayizange ilingane nobunkokeli boBolshevik. Ngoncedo lweengcali zamanye amazwe, ukubala kwenziwa, nto leyo eyabonisa ukuba intshukumo yezakhiwo ezikhulu kufuneka yenziwe ngumsebenzi wamaxesha athile, kodwa akukho nanye kwezi ngxilinga ukuya kwi-5, ubuninzi be Iimitha ezili-10. Ngokukodwa ekubeni abantu baseMelika bekwiminyaka yabo engazange bafudukele isakhiwo esinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-10-11 lamawaka, xa beseMoscow Abanye bawela phantsi kwenkqubo "Ukuhamba" ubunzima obungama-20.
Kodwa isicwangciso sobunjineli sezakhiwo ezihambayo zikude kunezinto ezinokwenzeka kubantu baseMelika. Izakhiwo ziyacelwa ukuba zingahambi nge-10, kodwa ngamakhulu amaninzi eemitha, kwaye ezinye zazo emva koko kwafuneka zijike i-axis yazo, kwaye ezinye kwaye ziphakamise kwindawo ephantse ibe ziimitha ezi-2. Kwaye kuba amaMelika akafuni ukukhonza umngcipheko, abasebenzi baseSoviet banomdla. Eyona njineli ephambili kuyo yonke le nkqubo yayingugqirha weSoviet oneminyaka engama-33 ubudala i-Metrostro-E. M. M. Ngeli xesha, ukwakhiwa kwendlela ye-USSR, kwaye abasebenzi abafanelekileyo bavela, banamava kulwakhiwo olusezantsi, kwaye lo msebenzi mtsha wayekhona egxalabeni. Ngokukodwa ukusukela kwizakhiwo ezincinci zezakhiwo ezincinci ezenziwa kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili, kwaye itekhnoloji efanelekileyo yaphuhliswa, yahlulwa eAmerican naseYurophu.
Iyaqhubeka apha.
Umyalezo njengoko iStalin yasusa indlu eMoscow yeshumi kunye namakhulu eemitha. INXALENYE yokuqala ivele kwakuqala kwi-Arkady Ilyukhin.