Kwiyo yonke imbali yoluntu, ngaphezu kweshumi icala eliphambili elirekhodiweyo, apho kwafa kwamakhulu amawaka abantu. Elinye lala maxesha anzima ngoku - i-coronavirus pandemic ayizange inyamalale kwenye indawo. Kodwa izazinzulu ubuncinci zifunyenwe zikhutshiwe, ngenxa yokuba esi sifo sivela kwaye siphuhlise amayeza okugonya. Kwaye amakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha lokusasazeka kwesibetho, incinci kunye nezinye izifo ezoyikisayo, abantu babengayiqondiyo nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kubo. Iindlela zonyango azikho kwaye abantu bahlala kuphela ukuba banethemba lommangaliso. Ngethamsanqa, kwanamaxesha anzima edlula kwaye esi sifo soyiswa. Njengenxalenye yeli nqaku, ndicebisa ukuba ndithethe ngendlela eyaphela ngayo isifo esidumileyo sesifo. Onke la matyala ahlaba ithemba lokuba i-Coronavirus iya kuze iboyiswe ngokupheleleyo.
I-Justinianova inesibambisi kwiRoma yamandulo
I-phandemic yokuqala kwimbali yoluntu yaziwa ngokuba sisibetho sikaJustina. Waqala kwikomkhulu loBukhosi baseRoma, isixeko saseConstantinople, ngonyaka wethu. Ngezo ntsuku, abantu babengaziqondi ukuba bachukunyisiwe sisifo sabo. Kwimizimba yabantu abosulelekileyo, iibhulukhwe zenzekile - i-lymph node. Abanye abantu babenegazi. Ngeli xesha lo bhabha mihla le wasweleka kwi-5-10 lamawaka abantu. Kukholelwa ukuba isifo sisasazeka ngenxa yeempuku zosulelo, ezifikayo kuBukhosi baseRoma baseYiputa kwiinqanawa. Isibetho esoloko isasazeka eYurophu, eAsia naseNyakatho Africa, sibulala abantu abazizigidi ezili-100. Ngezo ntsuku, inani labemi bomhlaba lalincinci, ke esi sifo sitshabalalise i-50% yehlabathi liphela.
Nabazazinzulu zale mihla babengenakuqonda ixesha elide, Kungenxa yoko le nto isifo esibuhlungu. Ngo-2013 kuphela bafumana ubungqina obulungileyo bokuba i-carhente yenkqubo yesifo yayiyintonga yokunamathela (ye-Y Misnia Pestis), oko kukuthi, abantu babuhlungu isibetho se-bubonic. Amayeza esifo akafumanekanga. Ubhubhane lwaphela kuphela xa yonke into isosulelwe sisifo. Abantu abaninzi bafa, kwaye abo basindayo basinda, bafumana ubugqwetha.
Ukufa kwabantu abamnyama eYurophu
Ubhubhane wesibini wesibetho saqala malunga neminyaka engama-800 kamva, eYurophu. Amashumi ezigidi zabantu baba ngamaxhoba esifo esibulalayo, kwaye incopho ye-morbidity yawa kwisithuba esiphakathi kwe-1346 ne-1353. Inani elichanekileyo aliziwa, kodwa imithombo yolwazi ithi isifo sisweleke ukusuka kwi-30 ukuya kwi-60% yabantu baseYurophu. Abantu babengazi, ngenxa yokuba kuvela isifo, kwavela iinkolelo ezininzi ngelo xesha.
Kodwa abantu ekugqibeleni bayaqonda ukuba esi sifo sidluliselwa xa unxibelelana nonxibelelwano. Emva koko, amanyathelo aqalwa ukubanjwa ukuze ahlukane ngezigulana kubantu abasempilweni. Xa iinqanawa zahambaya eYurophu, iindwendwe kwafuneka zihlale ngaphakathi kwinqanawa ezingama-30 ukuya kwengama-40. Ukuphuma kwinqanawa kwavunyelwa ukuba kutyiwe ngeli xesha ngaphakathi kwezigulana akuzange kufunyanwe. Leyo yayiyinto eyakhiwe ngayo, enkosi apho inani losulelekileyo linciphile ekugqibeleni.
Inyani enomdla: Umzobo 40 e-Italian kuvakala ngathi "quaranta". Ke igama elithi "ukuvalelwa ngaphandle" kwavela.
Isiphene se-eidemic eLondon
ILondon yabandezeleka ngenxa ye-ebhudi yesifo, kuba kwesi sixeko kwakukho ukuqhuma kwesibetho esimnyama kwangasemva kokuba "ukufa kwabantu abamnyama" ezichazwe apha ngasentla. Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba idatha yembali, kwithuba eliphakathi kwe-1348 ne-1665, malunga ne-40 ukuqhambuka kwesibetho kubhalwe kwikomkhulu laseBritane. Oko kukuthi, esi sifo saphakama phantse yonke iminyaka eli-10 kwaye sakhwela kunye naye malunga ne-20% yabemi besixeko.
Ixesha lihamba kwaye ngangomzuzu omnye abasemagunyeni bakhuphe umthetho ngokuzahlula kwabo bagulayo. Abantu abanombala oxineneyo bavalelwe emakhayeni abo. Ecaleni kwamahashe angcolisekileyo wabekwa i-haystack njengesilumkiso sengozi. Emva kwexesha, imiqondiso ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ivele ngohlobo lweendlela ezibomvu ezifakwe kwiminyango ngombhalo "kaThixo, isiso sakho!" Eyona ntshukumo inyathela kakhulu yenzekile ngo-1665 kwaye yayingunobangela wokusweleka kwabahlali abayi-100,000 yaseLondon. Enkosi kumanyathelo athathiweyo, ubungakanani bosulelo baye kuhla. Ngo-1666, umlilo omkhulu waqala esixekweni, apho abantu abaseleyo babulawa kwaye bephethe isifo se-rat.
Uyabona: Ngaba umgama ongumde phakathi kwesibetho esihlonitshwayo?
I-OPA emnyama e-USA naseYurophu
I-OSAP emnyama sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu, nto leyo kwimbali yoluntu iphela ibangele ubomi bezigidi zabantu. Kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20 kuphela, abantu abazizigidi ezingama-300 babulawa kwesi sifo sibi. Ibonakaliswa kukuhamba okunzima kwaye ihamba kunye nomkhuhlane kunye nokuvela kwengxabano kuwo wonke umzimba. Ekuqaleni wasasazeka phezu kweYurophu, kodwa kwi-XV idluliselwe ngabahambi ukuya kwinani lemveli laseMelika. Ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba idatha yembali, kwinkulungwane enye, i-95% yabemi bemimandla ye-United States naseMexico basweleka.
Usindiso kwi-Innalpox ifunyenwe kuphela kwi-XVIIIIN kwinkulungwane ye-Xviii. Kulapho ke ukuba ugqirha waseBritane uEdward Jenner (uEdward Jenner) waphawula ukuba incinci ye-subpox ayilosuleleni. Kwavela ukuba abafazi ngexesha lomsebenzi sele befune i-OSPA yenkomo, eyayingayingozi emntwini. Ngokusekwe kwi-Cowhrum, kwaphuhliswa isitofu sokuqala, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ikwazi ukugqiba ubhubhane. Ngo-1980, umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ubhengeza ukuba incinci yencinci ayisekho.
Ukuba unomdla kwiSayensi neTekhnoloji, bhalisela ijelo lethu kwiYandex.dzen. Apho uyakufumana khona izixhobo ezingapapashwanga kwindawo!
Njengoko kunokubonwa, nokuba ezona zifo zimbi zezifo kungekudala okanye kamva zaphela. Kwaye ukuphela kwe-condemic kaCoronavirus yinto nje yexesha. Okwangoku, izitofu ezininzi zokugonya ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye enye yazo sisiRashiya "sesatellite-5". Uninzi lunxulumene naye ngokuthandabuza kwaye kuyenze okanye hayi - imeko yomntu wonke. Malunga nokuba isebenza njani kwikhonkco.