Nge-31 kaDisemba ngo-1941, umkhosi obomvu wenza isipho esifanelekileyo kubantu baseSoviet. I-Sovinforbüro inike ingxelo yokuba i-transcaucian engaphambili ikhuphe izixeko zoxinitshala - iKerch kunye ne-feonosius. Kwaxelwa ukuba ngenxa yeemfazwe ezikrelekrele. Kodwa malunga neenkcukacha, malunga nelahleko enkulu neyenegazi, malunga nokungalunganga komyalelo waseSoviet, ukungazithembi kwabaphathi akukhankanyi ...
Ukulwa emva kwePristaa kwaqala ukuphela kukaSeptemba 1941. NgoSeptemba 26, iinxalenye zomkhosi we-11 we-Wehrmacht phantsi komyalelo weTalente Jikelele weTheenin zaqhekezwa ngenxa yokusomeleza kwe-Perekopsky ye-Perekosk kwaye yangena kwiPeninsula. Kwaye i-crinta ikhuselwe ngokulula kwithambo. Emva kokuwa kwakhe, ummangalelwa kufuneka abuyele kwi-sevastopol kunye nepeninsula ye-kerch. Kuphela apho unokulungiswa. Kwathi ekuwa kwe-41. Inxalenye yemikhosi yaseSoviet ihambile eSevastopol, uninzi lwemikhosi engama-51 ukuya kwi-Ak-Monai izikhundla kwi-Kerch peninsula. Apho, kwindawo emxinwa yePeninsula, amaJamani kunye namaRomania angalibaziseka. Kodwa ngelishwa ayenzeki. Okokuqala, ngokwesiphoso somkhosi womkhosi we-Colodor Kuznetsmov kwaye ijolise kuncedo lommeli weMarshal Kulika. Aba babini besithi "mphathi-mthethweni" badlule kwizikhundla ze-AK-mpuma ye-AK-mpume, kwaye emva koko u-Peoyosia noKerch, ekufudukeni imikhosi e-Kuban. Yonke iPristaa, ingekuphela kweSevastopol, ifakiwe.
Umzamo we-Wehmacht ukuthatha i-sevastopol ngempukane ayiphumelelanga. Ukuthatha isixeko saseMantein, kwakuyimfuneko ukutsala phantse onke amandla akhe. Kwisivalo se-Serch Peninsula, washiya i-46 kuphela yentsana ye-46 kunye neerejista ezininzi zeRomania Rock. Umyalelo waseSoviet uthathe isigqibo sokusebenzisa le meko ukuba isebenzise impendulo kwimikhosi ye-transcasian ngaphambili kunye neFleet yoLwandle oMnyama.
Kutheni le nto i-transcaurian? Ewe, ngenxa yokuba yayingamalungu atsha asasazwayo kwi-Iran, apho bathengi khona ngaphambi kokuhlala imisebenzi. Kwelinye icala, ezi yayizihlulo ezitsha nezigcweleyo ezigcweleyo, kodwa malunga namava kwaye "isheycation" ivele imibuzo. Bathathe inxaxheba kwimbambano e-Iran ngo-Agasti ka-1941. Kodwa ezi yayinezenzo ngokuchasene notshaba olubuthathaka olulwa ngotywala, ngokuzinzileyo kwaye alulungelelaniswanga. Idlale indima. Abacimi kunye nabaphathi besilwanyana saseTranscasian babelindeleke ukuba yimfazwe efanayo nxamnye namaJamani. Kodwa i-Weermacht kunye nomkhosi waseRomania yayingumchasi onamandla kakhulu.
Isipho soNyaka oMtsha ngo-1942 - Inkululeko yeKerch naseFoodosia EricI-DMMMMIY KOZNOV
Ngokwentloko yentloko yekomkhulu laseFentur tolbuhina, yayiyenzelwa ukuba nethatyathwa ngaxeshanye kwiindawo ezintathu, kodwa umphathi weDummiry Kozlov wagqiba kwelokuba aqhube ixesha elibini: nge-26 kaDisemba ukutyala ukuvela nokuthatha iKerch, Emva kweentsuku ezintathu iwela e-feooyosia. Ekuqaleni, i-79th maritade icwangcisiwe kwiinqanawa eDeoooyosia, kwaye emva koko kwi-bridgeads ezivaliweyo ye-345T. Kodwa apha imikhosi yaseManstein yaqala ukuhlaselwa kwiSevastopol, kwaye ezi yunithi zafudukela ngokukhawuleza apho. Ukufika kwagqitywa kwenziwa ulwahlulo lwe-9 nelesi-633ing qatha, baxhobisela ikakhulu ngabakwaKaucasia naseAsia bengayazi indlela yokuqubha. Guqula kwityala elinoxanduva kwaye luntsonkothileyo lwaselwandle kubadubuli beentaba - inyathelo elinobungozi, kodwa amanye amaxesha ayengafumaneki esandleni.
Ukufika kweenxalenye zomkhosi wama-51 (i-Lieutenant-Jikelele V.n. Lvov), nayo yangena kwiTranscasian ngaphambili, kunxweme olusempuma lwe-Kerch kwi-Sexdoula kusasa ngoDisemba 26, 1941. Iimeko ezinzima: I-wareren isaqhwithi elwandle, intloko yomkhenkce yabekwa elunxwemeni, ethintele indlela yeenkundla; Iqondo lokushisa le-moya lawela kwi-10-15 degrees ngezantsi zero. Ukongeza, nokuba i-Flatie yoLwandle yaselwandle okanye i-Azov Flotilla yayineendlela ezikhethekileyo zokulayisha izixhobo ezinzima kunye nokufika kumkhosi ophantsi konxweme olungafakwanga. Ukudluliselwa kwemikhosi, iinqanawa ezincinci zokulwa zazisetyenziswa, se-seninos eluhlaza, izitya kunye ne-dredgers. Kwi-tug, batsala imingxunya yokuloba kunye neebhlokhi ezingezodwa. Ebusuku botshintsho, inani leendawo zokuchithwa zawa, iintambo zaqhekeka, kwaye uninzi lweenqanawa apho abantu abangama-20 belahlekile. Ukufika kwendlu kwaqala ngokulibaziseka kwaye akunjalo kuzo zonke izinto ezicwangcisiweyo. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukufezekisa ngequbuliso.
Isipho soNyaka oMtsha ngo-1942 - Inkululeko yeKerch naseFoodosia EricInikelwe ekuthambekeni kwamajoni atsiba emanzini amanzi kunye neebhadi elunxwemeni, apho babelindelwe khona elunxwemeni, apho babelindelwe khona. Uninzi, luthandekile, iqabaka, ukusukela ngoDisemba 27, isaqhwithi somelezwe, intshukumo yeenqanawa zoxinzelelo yayingavunyelwanga kwaye kuphela ngosuku lwaphinda lwaphinda lwaqhubeka. Ngaphandle kwenkcaso evela kutshaba, imikhosi yaseSoviet ikwazile ukubamba inani le-bridgeads kumacala omabini eKerch. Ngokungathi ngenxa yokugculela kule mizamo imangalisayo yabantu, i-shed emva kweentsuku ezi-2 yayingumkhenkce, kwaye ezona zinto ziphambili kumkhosi wama-51 wawela eKerch ngokoqobo ngeenyawo.
Isipho soNyaka oMtsha ngo-1942 - Inkululeko yeKerch naseFoodosia EricI-Manstein iqale ithathe indawo yokufika kwe-kerch ngokuphazamisa i-rouve, yenzelwe ukunciphisa isikhundla sabakhuseli baseSevastopol. Wayalela umphathi-mkhosi we-42 Sples jikelele Sonseka ukuze agxile kuwo wonke umkhosi weminyaka engama-46 kwaye iphinde igubungele i-4-Maria, 8 Roman Frigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye ne-Gramian Rigades kunye neRigade yeRoma oovimba bamva. Imikhosi eseleyo yomkhosi we-11 yatsalwa kwiimfazwe ze-11 ze-sevastopol: Kubonakala ngathi kufuneka kuthathwe umzamo wokugqibela- kwaye inqaba yehle. Ke ngoko, nge-28 kaDisemba, amaJamani aqhubeka nokubetha.
Kodwa nge-29 kaDisemba, iinqanawa zenqanawa zaselwandle zaselwandle zaselwandle zaya kwi-feooyosia kwaye nangona ilahleko, amaJamani avela eBermas afudukela emlilweni evela eBarts, apho umhlaba wawuqala khona umhlaba. Ukulahla i-friesian ye-rissia efanelekileyo yemikhosi ye-44 yomkhosi (omkhulu (i-3n Jikelele a.N. Ngokubanzi ufundisile malunga nokuwa kwe-feodosia, iyalele ukuba ihambe i-kerch. Ukuhamba kwesahlulo se-46 safika ngakumbi kwindiza, amalungu ayo, ukuphosa uninzi lwezixhobo ze-artillery kunye ne-Matshi ibuyiselwe kwi-Ak-Mona kunye ne-godnek (i-sponek yendawo yokuzikhethela intembeko kwinkundla ye Inkundla yaseMkhosini kunye nokudubula kamva, kunye nomntu ongu-46 umntu waseHitler wavalelwa ukuba bangenise naliphi na ibhaso).
Kodwa emva koko kwaqala ukungaqhelekanga. Njengoko ndivumile, i-manstein kwizezinurs zayo yadalwa ibaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yamaNazi: "Ukuba utshaba lusebenzise isibonelelo sendawo edaliweyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza bekuya kulandela i-roomasosia, ke imeko Ngaba kuya kwenziwa, ithemba kungekuphela nje kule, indawo entsha evelelweyo ... Ikamva lomkhosi wonke we-11 ngelusonjululwe. Umchasi ophucukileyo onokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-DZZANKA ukuba avelise bonke umkhosi wakho ... kodwa utshaba lwasilela ukusebenzisa umzuzu ofanelekileyo. Nokuba umthetho wotshaba akaziqondi izibonelelo zawo kolu seto, okanye akagqibanga ukuba uzisebenzise ngoko nangoko.
Kodwa ke ukumangalisa amaJamani, umkhosi wawuqhubela eKerch 51, kwaye imikhosi yomkhosi wama-44 ka-44 waseFeoyosia yayingeyongxaki enkulu, kodwa empumalanga, kumkhosi wama-51. "Utshaba luzibonele yena kuphela injongo yakhe - ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla ethu kwiPeninnisus yeKerch - kwaye kwakukhumbula ngokupheleleyo injongo yokusebenza - i-internation yobomi be-11." (Erich Von Manstein).
Isipho soNyaka oMtsha ngo-1942 - Inkululeko yeKerch naseFoodosia EricKodwa ngendoda yamatye, akedluleli ngokulahlekileyo. Ukusebenzisa ukulibaziseka kokulibazisa kwi-profetan ngaphambili, wazisa amajoni ohlulo lwe-46 yeqela eliya kusoyika ukothuka, watsala zonke izikhundla zemali kwi-Ak-Monai izikhundla. Ukomeleza amalungu aseRomani aseRomani aseJamani amajoni aseJamani. Waqhubela emfazweni wazo zonke uNamilikov, kubandakanya ukukhuselwa kwekomkhulu lakhe.
Le meko ifuna ukuphuculwa kwezenzo ezibonakalayo kwangoko, ngelixa i-nunst yayingenalo ixesha lokuzikhusela, ubuthathaka bemikhosi yakhe kule ndawo zenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhulisa. Ireyithi ifuna usukelo olukhawulezileyo oluvela kwiKozlov, kunye nokubetha ngasemva kweqela le-sevastopol yeqela lotshaba. Kodwa loo nto, phantsi kombono wokungafuneki kwemikhosi, yaguqula inguqu kwizenzo ezikhathazayo. Amathandabuzo ayo anokuqondwa: Ngexesha lokusebenza komhlaba, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samakhosi amajoni athatha inxaxheba kuwo alahlekile - amawaka amawaka abantu ababulewe, ababulewe. I-Kozlov inike ingxelo yokuba kuya kuqeshwa ngaphandle kwento enokhubazekileyo kungaphambili kwe-12 kaJanuwari. Ke ixesha elikhubekisayo ladluliselwa kwinani le-16, kodwa le nto ayenzekanga, nangona uKozlov wayenamawakawaka amawaka kunye namagosa aphakathi kwendawo yeKozlov. Nditsho nokuba nokuphakama kathathu kumandla, ii-genet ngokubanzi zeSoviet azizange zithathele isigqibo ngomsebenzi onzulu kwaye ndifuna ukuqokelela amandla.
Ewe, imikhosi yethu ayikhange ikwazi ukwenza kakuhle. Ezinye zezinto zazingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Umbutho ombi: Unxibelelwano luyedwa, kumaphandle amazibuko ebekiwe ngexesha lokuzikhusela kunye nenqwelo moya yaseJamani, kwakungekho sibhedlele sinye kwi-Surride, esisesibhedlele esikufutshane yayiseKuban. Abafizi abasenzakeleyo, befumene impahla ephambili kwiRejistali, babephethwe kwisikhundla eKerch, ukusuka apho, ukusuka apho, ukusuka apho, ukusuka e-Invoroysiysk.
Ngeli xesha, iJamani i-suriminelly ye-Ak-monaic ye-Ak-monaic kwaye yaqala ukubamba kakhulu ingxaki. Nge-18 kaJanuwari, baphinda babetha i-feodosia. Ukusilela ekubambeni izikhundla ze-AK-monaic iinyanga ezimbalwa zaziwa ngentlekele yentlekele. Kodwa lelinye ibali.
Ngazo zonke iintsilelo kunye nemibutho emibi, umsebenzi wokufumana iKerch-feodosian wadlala indima. AmaJamani namaRomania aphulukana namawaka ali-10 amajoni namagosa. Imikhosi ebalulekileyo evela kwi-sevastopol itsaliwe, ngenxa yoko ukuhlaselwa kokuqala akuphumelelanga. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinto ezingalunganga, iintsilelo kunye nombutho ombi wenye yezoyisa kuqala komkhosi obomvu. Igazi elinelahleko enkulu, kodwa uloyiso. Umkhosi obomvu wafunda kuphela ukungena kunye nokuphumelela.