"Indoda evela kwiiKodarags kwaye ndidibana ne-maxima okanye i-rimi-asiyi kukhwela omnye komnye emqaleni, nangona sinokuba nokuqonda imeko eyahlukileyo kwii-donbhas. Sithenga i-orenji kunye. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde: izikhundla ezingqubana azinyamalali naphi na. Le meko inokubizwa njalo - "Ukwamkela ukwahlukaniswa", "watsho uMartinsKapranz, umphandi ophambili kwi-Instiolophy kunye nentlalo yophando kwi-Latvia, utshilo udliwanondlebe.
Iziphumo eziphambili zesifundo
I-Latvia yesithathu yesithathu kunye nolwalamano lwesine lwesine - ubuhlanga? Akukho mfuneko: Bangaphantsi, kwaye kwiimeko ezithile-nangaphezulu.
"Abaphambukeli" bakhe ": Ubudlelwane beLatvia-Russian buyamkelayo." Kwinqanaba lolwalamano lwabantu, siphathana ngokufudumeleyo, kodwa kwindiza yezopolitiko - sukwamkelana.
Ubuzwe kunye nokucalucamathela nxamnye nabantu abambalwa - i-atmoda? Kwinxalenye- Ewe, kwaye eli nqaku alikho kuphela i-latvia, kodwa nakwilizwe lonke le-baltic kunye ne-Europe Europe.
Isimo sengqondo malunga namaYuda-ngocofini. Kodwa nakwimibutho yeqhinga lokusebenza, amaMelika, nabo. Ikwadlala indima kwinani leJografi: Siphatha abamelwane kwinqanaba "lemfazwe", nokuba ayihambelani nesimo sethu sezopolitiko.
1. Xa sithenga iorenji kunye, impikiswano yemvakalelo ayibonakali. Kodwa nguye
-Yinto yokuba "ezinye izizwe okanye izizwe zibulekele ukuzalwa," Wonke umntu wesithathu uyavuma kwaye ngamnye wesine wesine. Uneepesenti zokuba kutheni ipesenti yamaLatvians abhalisiweyo phantsi kofakelo (32%) liphezulu kunelo lamaRussia (26%)?
- Lo mahluko, amanqaku ama-6 eepesenti - ayibalulekanga ngokweenkcukacha-manani. Kukufutshane kwinqanaba lempazamo. Kodwa kwezinye iindawo umahluko phakathi kwabaseTyviars kunye namaRussia avela kakhulu. Ukuba sicinga ukuba kukho umahluko, ke iyaqhubeka kwimeko ye-ethotrism eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, icandelo le-latvia [abaphenduli] libhengezwe ngakumbi ukusondela kwelinye indawo kunye nendawo yolwimi kunye nendawo. Kwingqondo encinci- nakwezinye iintlanga.
-Umgwebo ngophando lwakho, i-stereotypes yezinye izizwe zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu base-Latviens. Kukho iinguqulelo - Ngoba?
-Ithiyori yentlalo, kuthiwa lelinye iqela livaliwe ngaphakathi ngokunxulumene namanye amaqela, kokukhona kunokuphumelela ukuba kuya kuzama ukuthelekisa nabanye, kwaye kubandakanya nokusekwa kwezimvo ezimbi malunga nabanye.
Ngokucacileyo, isazisi saseLatvia sivaliwe kakhulu. Ivaliwe ngokwendlela. Ukwahlulahlulahlula imigca ecacileyo, imida kune-Russian.
Njengoko ubonile, kuquka amaSilamsi ukusuka kwiRussia ethetha isiRashiya, umyinge uvulelekile kwaye unethemba. Kwaye ngokunxulumene namaYuda, banemvakalelo yokungafani kwemincinci.
- Oko kukuthi, uninzi lwePhobias ngokunxulumene namaRussia baya kuba edolophini okanye kwilali, apho kungekho mandla makungabikho kwaphela?
- Ngokuqinisekileyo! Kwaye inokubonwa kwi-polls yethu: Kwimimandla yeLatvia - imvakalelo yokwahluka inkcubeko ichaziwe ngakumbi eVidzeme naseKurzeme. NaseRiga kunye neLatgale, apho kukho abahlobo baseRussia kunye nabantu abaziyo ukuba banamaLatvins, abantu babukeka bemncinci [kolu mahluko]. Indawo yenkcubeko ephilayo ohlala kuyo, inciphisa i-prexudation- le yeyona "uqhagamshelo lwe-hypothesis". Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukuba unxibelelana nelinye iqela imihla ngemihla, kunciphisa umkhethe. Kuyinyani, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwaphaya kophando oluninzi, kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezigqibo ezizezifinyezwe ezi zavela ngokuzenzekelayo. Kodwa kwimeko yethu, i-hypothesis yoqhakamshelwano isebenza.
- Phakathi kwamaLatvins kunye namaRussia eRussia, ubhala, akukho ngxaki zinkulu, ngaphandle kokuqonda kwembali kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yolwimi.
-Ukuba nobunzima kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokudityaniswa yimemori yembali eyahlula-hlula, kwaye mhlawumbi kukuqonda okwahlukileyo kweLatvia kufanele ukuba ibe yi-Latvia ibe yindawo yesizwe, iwindiza okanye inyibilikisi, njalo njalo. Kodwa ezi ziko lazula i-polarilations ziguqulwe ngokungalindelekanga zibe sisimo sengqondo esingalunganga esinye esinye.
I-Thesis yethu injalo: impikiswano yengqondo, ekwimbali yokwazi imbali nakwindlela yokuqhelaniswa ne-geopolical, yinxalenye enye yepeyinti. Ubungakanani besibini buyimvakalelo kunye nokudibana kwenkcubeko, njengoko sibonana - kwaye kukho olu mbalwa buyanyamalala. Ngokwenene hayi. Umbuzo uphakama: Inokwenzeka njani? Ukuba ujonga ezinye iindawo zoluntu ezininzi, apho abameli beenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo bahlala kufutshane - kuyenzeka.
Abantu banokuba nezikhundla eziphikisanayo, kodwa uluntu lunokubakho kunye ukuba la maqela omnye athatyathwe ngokwenkcubeko nangokweemvakalelo.
Apha sisebenzisa umxholo we-Indra Ekmanis, eyaphandwa eDaugavpils kunye ne-riga - "ukudityaniswa kwe-vanal". Umntu ovela kwiiKongarags kwaye mna, ndihlanganisana eMaxim okanye iRimi - asiyi kubambelela komnye komnye emqaleni, nangona sinokuba nokuqonda imeko eyahlukileyo kwii-donbas. Sithenga iorenji kunye okanye enye into. Oku "kukudityaniswa kwendawo", kungaphezulu kwezikhundla eziphikisayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde: izikhundla ezingqubana azinyamalali naphi na. Zikhona kunye.
Ipolarilization yezopolitiko kunye nokusondela kwezentlalo- bakufuphi. Le meko inokubizwa njalo - "ukwamkela ukuphindwa kwaphela. Samkela omnye komnye enoluntuni, kodwa sahlukane nawo - kwingqondo yezopolitiko.
- Ngaphandle kobuhlobo "obuchulumancisayo", ndibona apho abaphulaphuli baseRussia basenokuba bazibonakalisile ngempikiswano. I-Russia ineyona mpendulo iphambili kumbuzo wokuba unekratshi nge-latvia xa ikhankanywe- "akukho. Kwakhona kabukhali, ngamanye amaxesha, inani lamaRashiya kunye nabaphenduli baseLatvia, ababekholelwa ukuba "iLatvia yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo emhlabeni." Oko kukuthi, akukho bubi kubantu base-Latvi, kodwa kukho indawo echasene norhulumente.
- Ewe. Kuyenzeka ukuba uphumeza ukufana nendlela yemithombo yeendaba yaseRussia- ngokusisiseko ndithetha ukuba umabonwakude olawulwa ngurhulumente - bathetha ngeLatvia kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Sahlalutya kakhulu. Kukho olona phawu luphambili: i-latvia yelizwe eli-Elite ibeka ityala ngayo yonke into, kodwa yayingengaseLatvie ngokwazo. Kubonakala kum ukuba le modeli ivutha into esiyibona apha.
Into yokuba inyani yezopolitiko neyentlalo ayinyanzelekanga ukuba yonke le yinto eqhelekileyo, siyayibona kumazwe amaninzi. Kodwa le nto inomdla: ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe amaninzi, inyani yethu yezopolitiko ayiba ngumthombo wobundlobongela. Yahluke kakhulu. EYurophu, sihlala sibona indlela ezopolitiko zobuqhetseba ngayo nkqomo yembonakalo yomzimba-ugonyamelo, ukungqubana - amaqela akhe kuphela amaqela. ELatvia, le nkcubeko kunye nokusondelana ngokweemvakalelo, okubonakalayo kwaye isifundo sethu somelele kakhulu kunokuhlukaniswa kwezopolitiko.
-Ungazange wothuse ukuba amaRussia kwi "thermometer" wakho abhekisa ngokungafanelekanga kubantu abayi-1%, kwaye kubantu base-latvia ngokunxulumene namaRussia, ngaphezulu - i-11%?
- oku akumangalisi kum. Isibakala sokuba abantu baseRussia okanye isiRashiya bavulelekile kwaye beneemvakalelo 'bathatha "amaLatvide kunokuba" abaseLatvia kunakwiindawo zaseRussia - zazibonakala ngaphambili, kwezinye izifundo. Oku kungachazwa yinto yokuba amaRussia ahlala kakhulu kwindawo ehlanganisiweyo yengqolowa, kunye namaLatvians alunge ngakumbi. Ndiqinisekile ukuba ukuba ubona apho aba bali-11% abangamaLatvi baseLatvi baseLatvi, le nto baya kuba yi-vidzeme neKurzeme.
-Umbhalo wophando lwakho uthi: Endaweni yoko, ucalucalulo, ukuba kukho nto, ibonakaliswa kubudlelwane kunye nezinto ezincinci zelizwe, kubandakanya nezinto ezincinci zembali. Oku kungenxa yokuba kula mazwe ukuba idemokhrasi yeenkululeko ye-1980 yakhiwe ubuzwe babo obuphi na, kwaye baphembelela amehlo abo, kwaye baphembelela amehlo abancinci, kwaye bajamelana nawo abahlali bala mazwe malunga nemida yokomfuziselo ye Uhlanga. " Oko kukuthi, kwelinye icala, i-Atmoda yabantu baseLatvia yenye yezona zinto "zisisa-sliral" kwimbali yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kwaye kwelinye, ukubonakalisa ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha Ngaba le yinxalenye ye-Eko tmody "?
- I-Atmoda yacela le qynoweli ((phumla) Masitsho: Xa ulawulo lweSoviet luye lavela - naseLatvia, nakwisiRashiya. I-Latvians iqaqambile, kubandakanya ngexesha le-Atmoda, yazalisa le nto inyathela ikakhulu-ukuba kufuneka sibuyisele uhlanga lwethu lwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo, njalo njalo. Ke ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha kakuhle zaqala, kubandakanya ne-neoliberalism. Isiseko esihlanganisiweyo sasingasasebenzi kangako. Kodwa kwinxalenye yoluntu, kunjalo, kunjalo, igcinwe njengesiseko sobumbano. Nangona kunjalo, andazi ukuba wena, kodwa ndothuka ngayo ukuba bambalwa abaphendulayo- malunga nekota-baphendula ngelithi imeko yohlanga yayibalulekile kubo ngexesha lonyulo. Ewe, uLatvia waphendula njengongaphezulu kweRussia, kodwa kancinci.
-Umaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka, imihla emininzi engalibalekiyo ehambelana neHolocaratus, amaYuda aseLatvia abizwa ngokuba "sethu" ne "bonakalise lezopolitiko" zabo. Kwangelo xesha, ngamnye kwisiTatvia wesine kwiipowuli, wabonakalisa ukuba kubi okanye kubanda kumaYuda. Ubudlelwane baseRussia bashushu. Inokuba yintoni unobangela?
- SinamaYuda aseburhulumenteni eLatvia - malunga ne-4 yamawaka? (Ngokwedatha yakutshanje i-CSB-4.4 Iwaka, irejista yabemi - i-8.1 iwaka) yayithetha ngesiRaqa. Mhlawumbi ukusukela apho kukho ukungalingani kakuhle. Kwaye, ewe, ezinye zembali zongezwa apha. Kwaye isibakala sokuba kukho ne-tenali stal anti-semiti yenxalenye ethile yoluntu. I-Latvians] ibonwa ngobuqhetseba kwezopolitiko kunokuba, umzekelo, isiRashiya.
- kwaye banemali eninzi "(nolu phando lucetywayo kwisifundo, iipesenti ezingama-21 zakwaLatvians kunye ne-15% ye-Russia.
- Kwaye le yimeko yehlabathi jikelele yokuba "balawule umhlaba", kwaye banemali eninzi. Ewe, imvumelwano yasekwa kwi-thereming yezobupolitika, ebonakala ngathi ihambahamba ngezehlo nge-4 kaJulayi, kwimemori yokutshiswa kweRiga Synagogue, okanye umsitho osele uzuze ubukhulu bezopolitiko. Le mpazamo ivumelana kwezopolitiko ngokunxulumene nokulimala kwexesha elidlulileyo, kodwa la mahle abuhlungu awaqinisekiswa kwinqanaba loluntu. Kwaye andazi ukuba yimalini eya kuba nako ukuyiqonda. Xa bekukho iingxoxo malunga nokubuyiselwa (imbuyekezo yokuba yeyeFore World Estate, emva koko, yayingabantu bakaRhulumente. " Kwaye ngekhe ndibenze iimpazamo ezikhethekileyo ukuba i-Latvia ithetha iRashiya-Ethetha hayi i-anti-semitiism.
Sibonile ezinye iipolisi ukuba isimo sengqondo ... Ngaba ungabonakali. Umzekelo, sabe nokubeka esweni kwememori yentlalo, sabuza ukuba urhulumente uya kufuneka enze okungakumbi ukukhumbula amaxhoba okuBulawa. Ukuthetha isiRashiya uninzi lwabo lwakholelwa ukuba lelufunekayo. Uninzi lwama-latvia alunyanzelekanga. Kubonakala ngathi imeko ibonakala ngathi ayibonanga "kwithemometha" yethu. Kodwa emva koko sabuza: Ngaba uthatha inxaxheba kwezinye izinto ngoJulayi okanye ngoNovemba? Babona ukuba abanye babandakanyekile. Oko kukuthi, kuqala kukho umahluko, kodwa kwindlela yokuziphatha, kwisikhumbuzo - yonke into intle apho.
- Kubonakala ngathi ndiye kwenye indawo, kwenye indawo yokuma ukuze ndiveze isikhundla sam-ayikho ikakhulu kwizithethe zalapha ekhaya.
- Ewe, nge-18 kaNovemba 18, nge-9-yonke into ihamba kwenye indawo.
-Iholide-ewe. Kodwa kuqhanqalazo, ukhumbula ...
-Umhla, ngosuku lokukhunjulwa kwamaxhoba okugxothwa - ngokuqinisekileyo, hayi njenge-ATMADA, kodwa baninzi. Nangona ndiyayivuma, inokunxulunyaniswa nemvakalelo yokwahluka kwenkcubeko yendalo. I-Berzis Berzins, osebenza naye kwiZiko, evavanya umxholo wamaYuda - kwaye kukho imiba eyahlukeneyo kunye: inkcubeko, inkcubeko, indlela yoluntu inomdla kwinto yokuba uMongameli wethu ngumYuda.
- ukuba ngokwakheuka inkcubeko 'yeJudary'.
Ewe, [ImiYuda] ayizigasebenzi. Kodwa wayezama "ukungenisa", kubandakanya neendaba zamazwe aphesheya. Kwaye uluntu lwaseLatvia "Isiphelo", hayi nakwisangqa sikazwelonke ... La makes anti-Semitiis baphawuleka: UmYuda nguMongameli, kulungile oko! Wayethetha njani isiRashiya, andazi.
Kwaye oku akuthethi ukuba kukho ukukhathalela kwangoko ngento yokuba "balawula umhlaba, kwaye banemali eninzi." Endaweni yoko, nguMvumelwano weMveli yeNdalo: Ewe, njengommeli welinye inkcubeko okanye yeqela lobuhlanga inokuba ngumongameli, le yindawo yokomfuziselo enjalo! Kwaye ukuba unokuba yinkathazana yakho okanye umnini wenkampani - AI, yonke into ihamba kakuhle.
-Ento yabonakala kum ingaqhelekanga: malunga ne "ngesimo sengqondo esipholileyo" ukuya kumaqabane ethu eqhinga, amaMelika. Ngaphezu koko, inqanaba le "thermoMter yeemvakalelo" kwaLatvidens (kwi-56) enokubakho) kunye namaRussia (50) ngokunxulumene nazo azifani kakhulu. Kungachazwa njani ukuba abantu baseMelika bakwintetho yezopolitiko - phantse abaqinisekisi abaphambili bokhuseleko, uMsindisi waseLatvia, ukuba iRussia ihlaselo ngequbuliso?
- Mhlawumbi abo babona bantu baseMelika babonwa njengamaqabane, kodwa xa kufikwa kwinkcubeko ... Kunyaka ophelileyo ndibone uphando: Ngubani ofuna iLatvia ukwenza ubudlelwane obukhulu kwindawo yokuqala? Kwakukho i-peiiada epheleleyo: amazwe eScandinavia, iRussia, iJamani, amazwe eBaltic, iAric, iMelika ... IRussia yayiphezulu kakhulu. Singatsho ukuba abantu bavuleleke ngakumbi kwi-gemografi yabo. Ukuba bekukho i-belarus kuphando - kakhulu, kwaye uya kuba ngaphezulu kweMelika. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-Lukaashenko engabonwanga kakuhle, i-Belarusians kunye neBelarus eLalarus eLatvia baqonda ukuba banobuhlobo. Ukusondela kwejografi-kungabi njalo inkcubeko- ibalulekile. Kulula kakhulu.
I-Sergey Pavlov (Umbhali Lsm.lv).