Enye yentlekele enkulu yendalo yenkulungwane yama-20 yayikukunyamalala kulwandle lwe-aral. Kwabonakala ngathi abalobi beCentral Asia baya kwindiza yesiqingatha sonyaka - phakathi kwe-1960s kumda waseKazakhstan no-Uzbekistan obenonxweme lwelinye lamachibi amakhulu ehlabathini. Namhlanje kukho intlango kunye nendawo yokusingqongileyo yendalo. Ngelishwa, kwixa elizayo, isiphelo esifanayo sinokuyifumana iplanethi evaliweyo yamanzi, ethi, ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuthandekayo, bunokuhlelwa bobabini njengolwandle kwaye njengechibi elingaqhelekanga. Inqanaba lamanzi kuLwandle lweCalpian, kwindawo yaseYurophu naseAsia, ngokweziyayensi eziprofentyo, ukuya kwiimitha ezingama-9-16, eza kubandakanya imiphumo emikhulu yokusingqongileyo. Kwaye ukuba kwintlekele, iqondwe ngulwandle, iinkokheli zopolitiko, iinkokeli zopolitiko zinoxanduva, isizathu sokuvela kwamanzi kwingingqi yeCaspian kukutshintsha imozulu.
Kwenzeka ntoni kuLwandle lweCaspian?
Akwabakho kwinkulungwane ye-XXI umhlaba ungaphulukana noLwandle lweCaspian, phezulu. Kutshanje, kwimagazini yoNxibelelwano noMhlaba neMevision, umsebenzi wapapashwa, ngokwahlula imida yeRussia, iKazakhstan, i-Iran, inokuphulukana nesithathu somphezulu. Ngapha koko, ukuphulukana namanzi kuLwandlekazi baseCaspian ukusukela ngo-1970, kodwa iqela lamaDatshi kunye neqela labaphandi baseJamani babonisa ukuba i-caprimeters yomisa ikhawuleziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8 okanye kwishumi eminyaka ezayo iya kuqhubeka ifumana isantya.
Kwindlela yokuqonda kwe-caspian-hayi ulwandle, kwaye elona chibi likhulu emhlabeni yindawo engama-371 eekhilomitha ezingama-371 zeekhilomitha. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XXI, indawo yayo iya kuncipha kwintsimi, indiza iPortugal, esongela ukupheliswa kohlobo olukhethekileyo lwezilwanyana ezihlala kulo mmandla.
Abaphandi baphinda baphikisa ukuba intlalontle yolwandle lwe-caspian namhlanje luxhomekeke kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili. Eyokuqala yigalelo loMlambo iVolga, enikezela nge-90% yomthamo wamanzi oLwandle lweCaspian; Okwesibini sisixa ebusika sobusika, kunye notshintsho kubushushu emhlabeni kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi kweyesithathu kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwenyani efunyenweyo, ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-taketication yasebusika kwinxalenye yasemantla yeWalga iya kuba ngaphezulu kwaye iphinde ibuyele kwixesha elizayo kwixesha elizayo, isiphumo sokuphuma kwechibi, isiphumo sokuphuma kwechibi kuya kukhokelela kwi ukuncitshiswa okuqikelelweyo kwinqanaba lolwandle.
Ingathi yinto entle kakhulu: Ngelixa ubushushu beqondo lobushushu behlabathi bunyuka sisizathu sokwandisa iilwandle, inqanaba lamanzi lweelwandle kunye namachibi amakhulu aza kuncipha ngenxa yeqondo elifanayo lobushushu. Ngenxa yotshintsho, i-Baku ayiyi kuba yi-port, i-Bay ye-Kara-Bog Gall iyanyamalala, kwaye emantla elwandle Amanzi aya kukhulula ilizwe elikhulu lomhlaba.
Uyabona, kwenzeka ntoni kulwandle lwehlabathi?
Iziphumo zokuphuma kwe-Easpian Ulwandle
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ababhali besi sifundo abaziqwalasele itakati eyenzekileyo ulwandle lwe-aral kwaye yintoni elindelwe yiCaspian kwinkulungwane ye-XXI, iziganeko zibalisa. Ke, ngo-2003 umthamo wamanzi kwi-Aral wayemalunga ne-10%, kwaye indawo yayo yomhlaba imalunga nekota ukusuka kwikota yokuqala. Unxweme lwalungama-100 km kude, kwaye ityuwa yamanzi yanda izihlandlo ezibini ezinesiqingatha. Ke, namhlanje kukho intlango yeSanti ye-Aralkum kwindawo yendawo yolwandle lokwenyani.
Kwimeko yoLwandle lweCaspian, imeko yahlukile - amanzi akuyo aya kuhlala. Kukokwe ngokwemeko ye-bloby bindo, i-caspian inokugcina ukuya kwi-66% yendawo yayo enobunzulu obuyi-1000 yeemitha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphulukana nesinye kwisikwere kunokujika i-caspian ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, ukusuka kwimbono yendalo yokujonga, uLwandle oluFileyo. Unobangela wokusweleka kwezinto eziphilayo ziya kuba linqanaba eliphantsi leoksijini.
Ngaba ufuna ukuhlala nazi iindaba zamva nje kwiLizwe lezeNzululwazi neTekhnoloji ephezulu? Bhalisa kwi-Channel yethu yeendaba kwi-telegraph ukuze ungaphoswa nantoni na enomdla!
"Ekuqaleni ayizukubaluleka kakhulu kwiindawo ezinzulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni ukwehla komgangatho wolwandle kunokubangela i-oxyds enzulu (" i-geologist ilumkisa kwiDyunivesithi yase-Utrecht (Netherlands) kunye noFrank I-SISCING Conserator, yintoni ingxelo ye-El Pais ye-El Pais. Ngaphantsi kwenani lomkhenkce kunye neoksijini equlathwe kuyo, ukugxininiswa kakhulu kwezakha-mzimba kwimilambo yehlabathi, "yenza iimeko ezifanelekileyo zeoksijini (sele ziphantsi), ngoko ke zitshabalalisa bonke ubomi, "Thetha ababhali bomsebenzi wesayensi.