Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, iUkraine ingenise enye isikhalazo kwiNkundla yaseYurophu Elwela Amalungelo Abantu (i-ECHR) eRussia. Imithombo yomida yeendaba ichaphazela ubukho bombuso wokubulawa kwabantu abachasene neRussia. I-Ukraine ixela ukungakwazi ukwenza olu lwakhiwo lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nabenzi bobuqu ngabom. Ukusuka kumazwi oMkomishinala oRhulumente wase-Ukraine kwi-ECHR Inkonzo kwinkonzo yobulungisa baseUkraine, ivan Lishchinsky.
Le ayisiyombambano yokuqala kwi-eCHR ephakathi kweUkraine naseRussia, eyaba sisiphumo semicimbi "yentsangu yolwaphulo-mthetho" kunye nengqungquthela ye-ead kwimpuma yeUkraine. Kwangoko, iUkraine ithumele izikhalazo ezininzi zokwaphula iRussia yeNdibano yaseYurophu kwindawo esempuma yeUkraine, apho iRussia ithintela ngokwamaqela kunye namaqela axhobileyo. Inkundla yatsho izikhalazo ngokufezekileyo kokuqwalaselwa zahlulwe zangaphantsi: malunga ne-proana kunye ne-votssa kunye nendawo ye-votsk kunye ne-lgansk.
NgoJanuwari ka-2021, i-ECTR yaqwalasela isikhalazo se-eKraine isikhalazo malunga neRussia ngokuchasene ne-prosta yamkelekile kwaye yaphawula ukukhutshwa kweendaba kwiwebhusayithi yakhe.
Kutheni ukaraine kunokukhalazaIlungelo le-State lokufaka isikhalazo malunga nelinye ilizwe kwi-ECHR lifakwe kwi-ART. 33 kwindibano ekukhuseleni amalungelo oluntu nolwalamano olusisiseko luka-1950 ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-nkqubo wendibano unokudlulisela kwi-ECHR, umbuzo walo naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho lweqela lendibano kunye neeprotokholi kuyo.
Yintoni efihlakeleyo kwezi zisombululo kwaye ziziphi iziphumo ezinokubandakanya iRussia?
IRussia yaqala ukuphendula i-proasta ngaphambi kokuba iqhotyoshelweI-ECHR yaqala ivumela umba wokwamkelwa kwesikhalazo. Ukufumana izikhalazo ezifana nesikhalazo se-Ukraine, inkundla isungulwe ukuba isebe liphulwe ukuba ngaba le ntsimi yaphulwa nawo ngokumiswa kwemiqathango yendibano, i-Jurisday yoMthetho kaMongameli ngeli xesha lichaziwe kwisikhalazo. Ngaphandle koko, ummangalelwa akanakuba noxanduva lokwaphula indibano.
Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngokungqinelana nomthetho womgaqo-siseko we-21.03.20. 6-FKz, iRiphabhlikhi yeRarba ithathwa njengendawo yokutyikitya imvumelwano phakathi kweRussia kunye ne-crinta malunga nokwamkelwa kwakhe Kwi-Russian Federation kunye nemfundo eRussia yezifundo ezitsha, oko kukuthi, 03/18/2014.
Kodwa isikhalazo seUkraine kwinxalenye yolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwayo yiRussia yendibano evela kule nombolo ye-02.27.2014, oko kukuthi, lawo uCeria oSebenzayo wayesengummandla waseUkraine. I-ECHR kwisigqibo sakhe sokugqibela eCemeriya savumelana nengxoxo yeUkraine kwaye yaseka i-rourissic yaseRussia kwi-sriria ukusuka kwi-02.27.2014, ngaphambi kokuba kufike i-Russia. Inkundla iqaphele ukuba yafika kwesi sigqibo malunga nobukho bomkhosi waseRussia eCrimea ukusuka kuJanuwari ukuya kuJanuwari ukuya ku-Matshi ukuya ku-Matshi ukuya ku-Matshi ukuya kwiZivumelwano zeBilaterra . Isikhundla seRussia kulo mbandela sasingabikho kulawulo lwePeninsula ngaphambi kokutyikitya imvumelwano yokwamkelwa kwe-Russia kwi-Russian Federation, kunye nePeninsundus kwimihlaba esemthethweni.
I-Turkish yangaphambiliLe ndlela ye-ECHR yafakwa ngaphambili kwimbambano ye-Cyprus ngeTurkey Ukophula indibano kumhlaba waseCyprus emantla. Kwimeko ye "Losido Vs. I-Turkey" (Isikhalazo Nomb. 15318, Isigqibo se-ECHR DONIT I-1 yendibano ayiphelelanga kumhlaba onguMongami weLizwe. Kule meko, inkundla igxininisile ukuba uxanduva lukaRhulumente lokwaphula umthetho ngenxa yalo naliphi na imisebenzi yomkhosi xa kuqinisekisa ulawulo olusebenzayo kumkhosi oxhobileyo okanye ulawulo lwasekhaya.
Inkqubo efanayo ye-ECHR kufuneka ibambe zombini izikhalazo ezisele zeUkraine ezichasene neRussia.
Ukusonjululwa kwe-Arria kunokuqikelelwa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iingxelo zeendaba "ngexesha lezeminyhadala yolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokunxibelelana nokuthathwa kweBhunga le-01.03.20.214 Hayi. I-48-sf "ekusebenziseni imikhosi exhobileyo ye-Russian Federation eUkraine".
Yintoni ekufuneka ibonise ubungqina baseUkraineUmbuzo wolawulo lweRussia kwintsimi ye-DODTSK kunye ne-LugannK imimandla engakhange ithathelwe ingqalelo okwangoku. Kubonakala ngathi isigqibo esifanelekileyo sokudunyiswa kwezikhalazo kule nxalenye ye-ECHR, ubungqina obungenakuthelekiswa nanto yokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwimikhosi yeRussia kwingxabano nakulawulo lwaseRussia ngaphezulu kolawulo lwasesiRashiya.
Ngokuphathelele isikhalazo esitsha seUkraine kwi-ECHR, ixoxwa kungekuphela nje malunga neziqendu zokuzanywa eRussia, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, kubandakanya eUkraine. Ke iUkraine inyanzelekile ukuba ingenise ubungqina bokubeka intsimi yendawo yendawo nganye kwezi ziqendu. Ngaphandle koko, i-ECHR ayiyi kukwazi ukwenza isikhalazo malunga neziqendu zasemzini ukuze ziqwalaselwe.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ithemba lokwamkelwa kukaRussia ngummangalelwa wesikhalazo esitsha-kwiziqendu zenzame ngexesha lendibano ezingasebenziyo, kuba oku kuchasene nenqaku lendibano, ngokutsho kwe Lo rhulumente uzibophelela ekuthobeleni amalungelo nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye, phantsi kolawulo lwayo.
Ukophula ilungelo loBomi: Ihlala njani i-ECHRUkusuka kwi-ECHR ye-ECHR, kulandela ukuba umxholo wesikhalazo kukuvunywa kweUkraine ngokufumaneka kokubulala kwezopolitiko kwi-Russian Federation kunye ne-Arem ekwakheni. Ukuba i-ECHR iyasiqonda isikhalazo esitsha malunga ne-ukraine ngokweziqendu, apho ulawulo lweRussia lwamkelekile, nganye nganye i-ECHR ithathela ingqalelo ilungelo lokuphula ilungelo lokwakha iRussia kwindawo ebonakalayo, oko kukuthi, qwalasela isikhalazo kwi iimfanelo. Ingaba ithetha ntoni?
Ukuzibophelela okukhulu kuthetha ukuba imfuneko yokukhusela ilungelo lobomi, kubandakanya amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ukuthintela ubomi bomntu, kwaye ke urhulumente akufuneki abe sisiseko somthetho kule, kodwa sikwanyanzeliswa ngokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho kuphela kunye neenkqubo zokugweba.
Inxalenye yenkqubo yokuthotyelwa kwenqaku lesibini lendibano, i-ECHR inemilinganiselo ebizwa ngokuba yimeko yokuphanda iimeko zokunyamalala nokufa kwabantu. Umzekelo, iNkundla ibonise ukuba imbopheleleko yokuqhuba uphando olufanelekileyo kukuzibophelela hayi, kodwa iimali: Abasemagunyeni kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ubungqina obuqwalaselweyo.
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, abasemagunyeni banyanzelekile ukuba bathathe onke amanyathelo anokuqinisekisa ubungqina onxulumene nesi sigameko samaNgqina, kubandakanya uviwo lwamaNgqina, kubandakanya ukuvulwa kwe-fornsic, kubandakanya uhlalutyo lwenjongo , kubandakanya unobangela wokufa. Nakuphi na okushiyekileyo ngexesha lophando oluthintela ukusekwa kwesizathu sokufa okanye umenzi wobubi uya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwalo mgangatho (isisombululo segumbi elikhulu leNkundla yase-Juliani yase-Juliani neGaggio ngokuchasene ne-Italy-Tobring # 2345, i-ECHR 2011 , § Ii).
Ke ngoko, ukuqatshelwa kwe-ECHR yinyani yokwaphula umthetho wenkqubo yelungelo lokuhlala kuya kuxhomekeka kulowo onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo okusekwa kolwaphulo-mthetho, akwazisa amaxhoba ophando Kwimeko, kunye nokubanika ithuba lokuba baziqhelanise nezinto zayo.
Akukho gwenxaUkushwankathela phezulu, kunokuthathwa ukuba ukungeniswa kwesikhalazo esitsha nge-Ukraine kunokuqulatha iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kwelungelo lokungenisa izikhalazo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo into yokuba ukuqwalaselwa kwezikhalazo kwi-ECHR yinkqubo yokungazange kwenziwe ngaphambili, iUkraine iya kukwazi ukuqhubeka nokukhangela izizathu ezitsha zenkundla. Nangona kunjalo, isibongozo kwi-ECHR Ngaphandle kokuba sibandakanyeke kubungqina bolawulo lweRussia kwisifundo ngasinye semizamo ye "Ixhoba lokucinga" linenkcazo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwiiarhente zokunyanzelwa komthetho.
Uluvo lombhali lungangqinelani nesikhundla soshicilelo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha.