Ingxelo yegama levolumu efanelekileyo ipapashwa kwiPortal yeZifundo zeSayensi yeSizwe yeSayensi, ubunjineli kunye namayeza (i-neasem). Ikopi eprintiweyo ixabisa iidola ezingama-45 (malunga nama-3300 rubles), kwaye ifayile ye-PDF yasimahla inokukhutshelwa emva kobhaliso. Kwimpapasho, iingcali eziphambili zelitye kunye nendawo yendawo zikhokelela kuluvo lwabo olubalulekileyo: I-Inblear Rocker ye-nuclear ye-nuclear (i-NTP, iyadi) kunye ne-NEAD).
Zombini ezi zinto zisebenzisana ngandlela-thile kwaye enye yasebenza ngaphandle kwaye inesinyithi "ngesinyithi", kodwa ngenxa yemishini yaseMartian ayonelanga. Khumbula, i-Aeronautics yeSizwe kunye nendawo yendawo yendawo (i-NASA) icwangcisa abantu kwiplanethi ebomvu malunga ne-2039. Oku kuyakukhulisa inqwelo moya ye-mars okanye iqabane lakhe kwi-fubos ngo-2033. Kubonakala ngathi ixesha liphethwe gadalala, nangona kunjalo, iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuba awuthathi inyathelo, kuya kufuneka ubhabhe, kuya kufuneka ubhabhe kwimichiza yeekhemikhali kwaye ubeke umda ngamandla inkqubo yemishini. Yonke le ngxelo ilandelwa yingcinga enye: Ngaphandle konyuselo lwezemali kunye nesantya sophuhliso, abanoburharha, abasabelanga ngenyukliya abayi kunceda iiColonoizers zeMars.
Sisenokucinga ukuba ama-Nasa kunye namasebe ahamba nale aseMelika aphinda azama ukukholisa ipolitiki kwaye uluntu lukhulise inkxaso-mali. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kunjalo, kodwa, kwelinye icala, zonke izicelo zincedisiwe. Ukuba uyakrokrela kwimbono yembono, "bafuna imali ngakumbi", zininzi eziluncedo kwaye zinengqiqo kwingxelo. Kunomdla ngakumbi ukufunda uluvo lweengcali zangaphandle zerokethi kunye nemveliso yendawo ngokuchaseneyo nemvelaphi ye-Epic kunye nophuhliso lwe-suller cosmic eRussia. Ke, kwingxelo Kukho ubunzima obukhulu bokukhula kwendlela nganye.
Injini ye-nuclear ye-nuclear yenyoka (yeyadi)
Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ngokulula, uyilo lwe-NTP yinkokeli engenamiqathango kwindawo yetekhnoloji yenyukliya. Ngapha koko, yinjini ye-rocket eqhelekileyo kwi-injini yomzimba (ihlala ishushu) ifudunyelelwa yinkqubo yekhemikhali enearhente ye-oxidiching, kwaye ihamba kwindawo esebenzayo ye-Atomic Reactor. Umzobo wofakelo lwawo luphawu lokwenyani: Irhasi evela kwitanki iwela kwindibano yamafutha, ibhuthi kwaye isanda, emva koko iphela i-nozzle. Ezo zithuba ezinjalo zadlulisela uvavanyo ngenkulungwane ephelileyo, kwaye abanye babelungele ukugunyazisa. Kodwa khange ujikeleze.
Ukudala iiyadi ezinamandla, ezikhuselekileyo nezihlala ixesha elide, kuya kufuneka usombulule kwingxaki enye kuphela. Okanye endaweni yoko, ukufumanisa izinto ezinjalo eziza kukuthintela amaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo kwindawo esebenzayo. Njengommiselo, ukusebenza kweenjini ezinjalo kuncinane xa i-hydrogen ishushu ngama-2700 degresies Kelvin. Kuxhomekeka kuyilo, eli xabiso liyahluka phakathi kwe-2,5 namawaka amathathu anamawaka amathathu. Kwaye kolu lwalathiso lwezixhobo zenzululwazi, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nokuba luPhuhliso olunye, okanye ukusilela kuvavanyo.
Intloko eyongeziweyo yongeza umbuzo wovavanyo lweenjini ezinjalo-kwintendelezo sele kulindelekile kuhlanga lwe-1960, ukukhutshwa kwamawaka eegesi kwiigesi ze-radiogractive kule ndawo. Ke kwaye kunye nezima kuya kufuneka zize nento yokwenza novavanyo ngqo kwisithuba.
Okokugqibela, kusekho ingxaki yokugcina i-hydrogen kulo lonke uhambo oluya eMars nasemva. Le gesi ye-State Statu iyahluka kwizinto ezininzi kwaye ishiye itanki ngokusebenzisa i-micropores kwi-micropores kwi-pondores kwinkqubo yodonga, kwaye igqabhuke ngokukhawuleza.
Ii-Rectors zeenjini zerocket zombane
Ngapha koko, i-nep (i-Nuclear Propulsion) yindlela eya ngqo kwiKontrakyisi "iRoskosmos". I-nuclear ye-nuclear, njengasemhlabeni, ivelisa amandla, kwaye sele ichithwe ngendlela efanelekileyo iinjini zombane (i-EDD). Ewe, kolu hluko, i-quast izakuya kuhlekisa, kodwa inokuxhaswa ubuncinci yonke indlela - umzimba osebenzayo uchithe kancinci. Impembelelo ethile, umyinge othile wokusebenza kweenjini zeJETT, i-ERD isungulwe kuphela kunemichiza "oogxa".
Ngobunzima benyukliya esikwisithuba esisenokuba nzima ngakumbi. I-NASA kunye neenjineli zaseRussia zinamava kuphuhliso kunye nokusebenza kwezityalo zamandla kwi-orbit. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba uhambo lokuhamba, amandla abo aya kudinga ukuphakamisa ii-odolo ezibini zobukhulu-ukusuka kwiiyunithi okanye amashumi e-kilowatt ukuya kwi-megawatts. Kwaye ezi ziingxaki ezintsha ezineenkqubo zokupholisa, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwaye iguqula amandla eshishino ukuba ibe ngumbane.
Indawo encinci kwingxelo ngumbuzo wokuba "oovimba abaziinqaba", ezo zinto ziya kondla iziseko enyangeni okanye kwi-mars, ukuba iiphaneli zelanga akwanele. Ewe, okanye ngamandla ayimfuneko, oovimba oonobumba abangenakuvulelwa nje ukukhwela ngenxa yemilinganiselo emikhulu kakhulu. Olu lwazi luqwalaselwe njengeyona nto iphambili ngezizathu ezithathu. Okokuqala, iprojekthi yekhilopher sele ibonisile ukusebenza kwayo, okunokubethwa. Esi sisixhobo senyukliya se-nyclear ngeinjini zokuvuselela ngamandla ombane ukuya kwi-10 kilowottt. Okwesibini, ukufakelwa okunjalo kuyafuneka kwiNkqubo yeLunur "Artemis", eya kuthi yaphuthe ngaphambili. Ewe, kwaye, okwesithathu, sebenza kwindawo "yomphezulu" azikhuthaziswanga nge-NEP, kuba inokumanyazwa ngeendlela ezininzi.
Izinto zokuthintela
Ewe, ngokweengcali zaseMelika, izityalo zamandla eNyukliya - ukuba aziyimfuneko, ke into enqwenelekayo ye-Martian mings. Kwaye iimpikiswano ezithanda ukuba le meko yembono yomelele kakhulu. Ubuncinci oosomajukujuku ngenyanzelekile ukuba babephantsi kweDosses ephezulu yemitha ye-cosmic yesiqingatha sonyaka: I-Atomic Space Swing iyakwazi ukufumana i-Mars kwisiqingatha okanye iinyanga ezimbini. Kwaye oku kunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-Teliro okanye linike ixesha elingakumbi lokusebenza kumphezulu weplanethi ebomvu.
Kodwa kukho iimvakalelo ezingathandekiyo kakhulu ngenxa yamava. Inkokeli ekusebenziseni i-nuclear reactors kwisithuba inokuthathwa njengeSoviet Union. Ikwangumnini werekhodi opheleleyo malunga nezehlo eziyingozi kunye nesatellite enokufumana inani lezinto eziphantsi kwerediyo.
Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezi zixhobo ze-USSR, nangona kunjalo, kodwa zisaphosa izilayi ze-Urannium ezityetyisiweyo - 235 North-Western Canada kunye nesiqithi solangazelelo. Kwaye ezinye ii-ortits ezikufutshane nasemhlabeni kwiindawo eziphakathi kwe-760 kunye ne-860 yeekhilomitha kangangesithuba sokuhlalwa kwe-ismos-1818 i-scoactor ene-millimitha ukuya kwi-30 milimeter.
Kulula ukuqonda ukuba kutheni lonke uphuhliso kule ndawo luhamba kancinci-ziphantsi kweemfuno zoyilo olungaphezulu nangaphezulu kwe-rocket kunye nemveliso yendawo. Kwaye nokuba yonke i-theoretical kunye nedatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuthembeka kwe-Nulear Reactors kwiindiza ezikude, ayiyonyani yokuba ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu. Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, iimozulu ezichasene ne-Anti-Masters zomelele kakhulu, ukuze ingcinga yokubeka ufakelo lwamandla enje kwi-rocket limbalwa abantu abanje.
Umthombo: Inzululwazi yezeSwaziya