Izazinzulu zivela esikolweni zeSayensi yezoLimo yeDyunivesithi yase-Illinois, eUnited States, zikholelwa ukuba i-herbicdes lixesha lokuqonda ukuba kukho ukhetho lwendaleko. Ngokukodwa, kwinqaku layo elipapashwe kwi-MDPI PRORAL, babhala oku kulandelayo.
"I-ecology kunye nendaleko zinokunxibelelana, zikhokelela kwiinguqulelo ezikhoyo, eziboniswe kubudlelwane bendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokuzivelela kwezinto eziphilayo, ukutshintsha indibano yoluntu kunye nemisebenzi yenkqubo yendalo.
Ngapha koko, isityalo esinobunzima "se-pithogen-shebicider" Ngaba ungumzekelo ocacileyo we-Eco-Endalion (i-Eco-Everoal) yingxelo kwiinkqubo zezolimo.
I-herbicides inokuba ziiarhente ze-Eco-Dynament, zibangela ukuba inxenye yoluntu lokhula kwaye ichaphazela i-coevolution yokhula kunye ne-pathogens. Ke, izilwanyana kunye neentsholongwane ezixhomekeke kwizityalo zinokuxhomekeka ekubonakaleni ngokuthe ngqo kwi-herbicides, kwaye ukuphendula amanyathelo okulawula kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba iguquke kunye nezityalo zazo.
Ingcinga yokuba i-herbicides iyakwazi ukuphembelela i-eco-nengxelo kwiinkqubo zezolimo, ngakumbi kwisityalo "sePathogen-Hisbicocide, sitsha, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo siyimfuneko yokufunda ngokudibeneyo
I-soy cycouling i-nematode (i-SCN) yamkelwa njengeyona nto iphambili ekuphulukaneni kwesoyan eUnited States, kwaye ixhaphake kuzo zonke iindawo eziphambili zesoya.
Kwisifundo esaqhutywa ukusuka ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2014, ilahleko yesoya ebangelwa yi-SCN yase-United States yavavanywa kabini njengezinye izifo kwilizwe lonke.
I-SCN isenokuba ngunobangela we-60% ilahleko yelahleko xa ihlwayela iintlobo eziphantsi kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yelahleko ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kweempawu zomhlaba.
Ukunciphisa ilahleko yezityalo okubangelwa yi-SCN, kucetywa ukuba kuqhutyekethwe lulawulo lwezinambuzane oluhlangeneyo, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo zesodwa, ukujikeleza kwesityalo kunye nembewu, umlo wokhula olwenziwe ngembewu nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yomzabalazo.
Ke, unyaka wokulima ongenzi hula ungapheliyo unokunciphisa inani le-SCN ukuya kwi-55%.
Okwangoku, uninzi lweentlobo zeemozulu zesoya (90%) zinomthombo oqhelekileyo wokuzinza (i-PI 88788), kwaye ukuxhomekeka okunamandla kulo mthombo kukhokelela kwiintlobo, ezinokuthi zinciphise iindidi zolawulo olukhoyo Khetha ukhetho. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zakhutshwa ngemithombo emitsha yozinzo, kubandakanya iBeijing (PI 548402) kunye nePI 89772.
Kwelinye icala, ubukho benginginya efanelekileyo yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu echaphazela inani lezilwanyana, njengoko ukhula luza kubakho ezinye iinkosi, ii-jotogns eziya kubakho kwizityalo ekungabikho kwinkcubeko enkulu.
Nangona uluntu lokhula alunazindlu ze-nematodode kwi-parasitic kwizityalo, zihlala zineqela elihlukeneyo kwizityalo, ezinceda ukugcina ubukho be-nematode emasimini. Kwaye ngexesha le-crop yezityalo, ulwazi lomnini-lo mnini sisitshixo sokulawula izityalo, kuba le nematiotode inokulinganisa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezityalo, kubandakanya i-150 i-the pharics ye-legames (iFabaceae) hayi i-legames.
Ngokutholiswa kobusika, kulula ukujongana noncedo lwee-herbicides kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba, kodwa kuba impembelelo yabo kwiinkcubeko zasehlotyeni zincinci, ezi ukhula zihlala zishiywe yedwa kude kube yintwasahlobo.
Kuba ezinye zokhula zingabanini be-SCN, basebenza njengenketho yokuqhubela phambili, bendisa ingxaki kwimeko, xa ukhula ebusika baba yinto eqhelekileyo emasingeni.
I-Vika (i-trifollium spp.), I-Sena (senna spp.) Kunye ne-lupbeae (i-lupninuspp.)
Ezinye izityalo Iintsapho zineentlobo ze-SCN, kubandakanya i-Asteraceae (i-Astrovaya), i-Brassicace (iKlabiage), i-Calbykovaae (Zapozhnaade (Zapozhnaae).
Phakathi kolunye usasazo oluqhelekileyo njengemikhosi ye-SCN, ungathiya oku kulandelayo: i-purple irple (i-fuppeure (i-thlamaauacle (i-thlama ichasa). -Ipatoris (L.), i-medik), ephakathi okanye i-moc., I-polyeva's bodian (i-piirva Arven (L.), i-Ornichnik eqhelekileyo (XANGHINIK iqhelekileyo.).
Ngokubanzi, izityalo eziphuma kwiintsapho ezingama-23 zingabanini ze-SCN, kwaye iFabaceae ibandakanya uninzi lwabanini. Kwi-116, abanini beentlobo ezili-14 baye baphuhlisa ukumelana namacandelo asibhozo eentshukumo ze-herbicides.
Unxibelelwano lwe-nematode ye-soy-foatos ngokhula (ngexabiso eliphantsi lokudibana) lubangela inkxalabo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye bazise iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela ubudlelwane obungenamdla kwimveliso yezityalo.
Ngokuphathelele isicelo esisebenzayo kulawulo, izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukujikeleziswa kwesityalo, kunye nokufika kwezityalo kunye neentlobo zoondoqo kwi-SCNALLLLLLL AMANQAKU APHA KUPHELA INDAWO YOKUGQIBELA I-SCH.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yemeko, xa iinkqubo zezolimo ziqinisa ukuveliswa kwezityalo ezibalulekileyo ukufezekisa imfuno yokutya, ukutya kunye nepetroli, ukujolisa kwi-fuel, ukujolisa ekuthini yimfuneko engenakuphepheka. "
(Umthombo: www.mdpi.com: I-Leonarso F. Rocha, Karl L. Gimen Pimen, Jason P. Fohmad M. Fahuri).