Ngo-2020, ukuvelisa amandla kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo eYurophu okokuqala ngqa eYurophu okokuqala ngqishone kwimveliso yefosili yefosili. Kunyaka wesibini, umoya kunye nelanga zityhutyha ngokuveliswa kwamalahle. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubhubhane we-coronavirus kunye nokwehla kwemveliso, okwabonwa kuwo onke amacandelo oluqoqosho. Zeziphi iziphumo zokuqala zotshintsho "zamandla" aluhlaza "? Kwaye iYurophu iya kuba nakho ukuba nequla ngokuthembekileyo ngo-2050 ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yeGreenhouse?
Kunyaka ophelileyo, umoya kunye nelanga zivelise amandla esihlanu kumandla aseYurophu. Kwangelo xesha, la macandelo mabini kuphela "luhlaza" kuphela, obonisa ukukhula. Ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-bioc kunye ne-hydropower isizukulwana safikelela kwi-38.2%. Esi salathisi sikhule kakhulu ngo-2020.
Umoya wanika i-14% yombane waseYurophu, ene-9% ngokuthelekisa ngakumbi ku-2015. Amandla elanga atyale enye i-5% kwi-sushier.
Olona nyulu lubalaseleyo lwaqwalaselwa eNetherlands, apho isalathiso sesalathiso se-Pan-Eaphun sabhalwa. E-France, "amandla aluhlaza" okokuqala "i-overburolates" ipetroli ipetroli. Ilizwe lifikelele kwimbonakalo ebalulekileyo ebaluleke kakhulu, eyiDenmark kunye neSweden ngaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula kwamandla ahlaziyiweyo akwanelanga. Ukuphuhliswa kwemithombo enjalo kufuneka kulahlekelwe minyaka le ukufikelela kwinjongo esekwe eYurophu ukuya kuma-2030. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, bakhulela i-TDs ye-38 ngonyaka, kwelinye, kwelinye icala kufuneka sikhule kwiiTV ezili-100 ngonyaka.
Kwiindaba ezilungileyo zeYurophu, ukuveliswa kwamalahle ngo-2020 wawa nge-20% kwaye isiqingatha sithelekiswa no-2015. Nangona kunjalo, abanye bokuwa kulo nyaka uphelileyo babangelwa kukuncipha kombane ngenxa yebhulukhwe.
Ukuwa kwaqwalaselwa phantse kuwo onke amazwe e-EU (kwezinye iimeko - nge-50%, umzekelo, eNetherlands).
Isizukulwana samandla seatom sawa kwirekhodi le-10%. Oku kungenxa yokubini ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso eFrance kunye nokuvalwa kwezikhululo zaseSweden naseJamani.
Kwi-Advanced
I-Denmark yinkokeli ekuqaliseni "ngamandla" aluhlaza ". Ngo-2010 elangeni kunye nomoya, bekukho i-20% kuphela yemveliso, kulo nyaka uphelileyo eli lifikelela kwi-62%. Ilizwe liphantse laphindwe kabini ngaphambi komlandeli waseYurophu okufuphi - iIreland.
Le meko ye-scandinavia okokuqala ngqa ethathelwa ingqalelo kumandla omoya nangexesha lentlekele yeoyile yowe-1973. Umzi-mveliso weenjini zomoya wavela njengemveliso yemveliso yoomatshini kwezolimo. Kwaye i-turbine yokuqala yentengiso kweli lizwe yakhiwa ngo-1979.
I-Denmark inendawo enkulu yokuvelisa umbane ukusuka kwii-turbines, unonxweme olude. Ke ngoko, ngo-2002, kuLwandlekazi olu-14, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-14 ukusuka kunxweme lweJutland, eyona ndawo inkulu yomoya yomoya yamiselwa. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, izityalo ezibini ezingacacanga zisezantsi zakhiwe (I-Wokugqibela, engama-406 MW yayifunyenwe ngo-Agasti ka-2019). Ifama yee-turbines ezingama-49 nge-12% yanda ukunyusa isizukulwana kwaye iyakwazi ukubonelela ngamakhaya amawaka angama-425. Ngoku iimpondo ezithathu ze-Vesha ineefama ezingama-775 ze-MW.
Sele ngoSeptemba 15, 2019, irekhodi elibalulekileyo lahanjiswa: ukusuka ezinzulwini zobusuku kude kuse ezinzulwini zobusuku, i-moya yomoya ikhule ngamandla agqithisileyo eninzi egqithisileyo.
I-Jamanicking yaseJamani
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo "zendawo" yeYurophu yiJamani. Ilizwe elixhomekeke kwiintlonipho ezininzi kumalahle kunye ne-atom yoxolo, yayijolise kwi-2030 yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yeGreenhouse ngama-55%, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2050th ukuze ingathathi cala kwezo gesi.
Ngo-2019, umthetho wemozulu wamkelwe kweli lizwe, elimisela iinjongo zonyaka zamacandelo athile oqoqosho kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Kumthetho omnye, inkcazo yokungathathi hlangothi ikwafakwe. Ngaphantsi Kuthetha ukulungelelana kwe-zero phakathi kokukhutshwa kwe-anthropogengenic gases kunye nokususwa kwezigaba ezinjalo ukusuka kwi-absesvers.
Ngenxa ye-condemic ka-Coronavirus ngo-2020, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla eJamani kwakukuncinci kwembali. Idatha yangaphambili yavakaliswa yiQela loPhando lwe-Aggiebilanzen. Kwangelo xesha, ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ezinxulunyaniswa namandla eJamani yawa ngeetoni ezingama-80 ezigidi. Ke ilizwe liya kuloyisa ngokulula isukelo lokuqala ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa nge-40% xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba le-1990. Ngo-2019, iitoni ezingama-805 ezizigidi zeegesi zererediuse geses zaphoswa emoyeni.
Ingcali iqaphela ukuba le nto yenzeke ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle kunye nokunyuka kwemveliso yombane ngokubhekisele kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo. Ukongeza, amanye amaQela amalahle athathelwa indawo yirhasi yendalo ngenxa yokunciphisa amaxabiso egesi.
Kodwa ukufezekiswa kwenjongo-2020 kwancedwa kakhulu ngubhubhane. IJamani isajongana nokwehla okuthathekayo kuphuhliso lwemithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, kwaye ukudodobala kwemali akuyi kukhokelela kuguquko olunokuqinisekisa ukuncitshiswa okuthe kratya, kuba banokuphila noqoqosho.
Abo bangaphandle baseYurophu
Ingxelo yengxelo kwiCandelo lamandla aseYurophu laqatshelwa ngaphandle kwabasebenzi: iPortugal, iRomania, i-Itali, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech, iSlovakia neBulgaria. Kula mazwe, ngokweengcali, iimeko ezintle zophuhliso lwamandla elanga kunye nomoya, kodwa oku kungafezekiswanga ukusukela ngo-2015.
Ukukhupha ukugcwala, i-European Union kwisakhelo senkqubo yenguqu efanelekileyo kule minyaka mithandathu izayo icwangcisa ukuqinisekisa i-€ le-150 yezigidi zeedola. Iimali kufuneka zisuse iziphumo zentlalo noqoqosho kolu tshintsho.
Imveliso yombane yaseCzech ibotshelelwe kakhulu kwikona (ngaphandle kwePoland, esathetha ngayo kwenye yezinto zangaphambili ekubopheleni kwesityalo samandla enyukliya). KwiRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech, ukuvela kwamandla ukusuka kumalahle kungaphezulu kwamaxesha amane aphezulu kune "Green" Imithombo: 53% ngokuchasene ne-12%. Kwangelo xesha, ikota yazo yonke imithombo ehlaziyiweyo yi-biogas, i-biomass kunye namandla elanga. Enye i-18% - i-hydropower, indawo eseleyo ngumoya.
Idatha ka-2018
Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le yayiyinjongo yelizwe nge-2020. Yafezekiswa. Ekupheleni kweshumi elilandelayo, isabelo semithombo ehlaziyiweyo kwi-Shaft Fightion Fienetion I-Fiketion iza kuzisa kwi-22%. Kwimeko ye-Czech, oku kuthetha ukwehla kwimigodi yamalahle kunye nokwakhiwa kweebhloko ezimbini zenyukliya kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya ezimbini ezikhoyo. Isivakalisi sokugqibela sixoxwa iminyaka eliqela, ithenda yombuso yokwakhiwa kufuneka yenzeke kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2022, kwaye ibhlokhi entsha ngokwayo iya kuthi mamkelwe ngaphambi kwe-2036.
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