Ama-Eqokopha yale mihla abizwa ngokuba ngabaTheli kubameli bamaYuda, ababephupha ngenkulungwane ephakathi kumazwe olwaphulo-mthetho. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubize amaYuda abantu abanyulu kuphela nangeempawu zemvelo, kuba izithethe zabo zifana ne-tatar.
Kwangelo xesha, uCrirca wakwazi ukugcina ezinye izinto zabantu zabo. Eli qela lincinci lehlelo loluphi na ubuhlanga obuxela ubuGunya -x, iintetho ngolwimi lwayo. Izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka ziphikisana, zibize ooyihlo ebantwini namaYuda. Ngoobani abantu abazigcinweni abangaqhelekanga?
Igama
Ngokunga ngqo kwigama elithi "Urisata" yintsingiselo enemiqathango evele ekusebenziseni abaphandi kuphela kwinkulungwane ye-Xix. Ngeli xesha, i-crinta kuBukhosi baseRussia benzeka.
'AmaYuda athile abizwa ngokuba ngabantu abarhwebi, kwaye igama lesizwe labonisa le ndawo yokuhlala. Ixesha elininzi bekholelwa ukuba ooTyeryeli bavele kwiPeninsula emva kwe-1783, xa amaYuda azihlaziya ngokutsha kwiCrinta. Nangona kunjalo, ukufundisisa ngakumbi kwamayeza kubonisa ukuba iingcambu zamaYuda zeRhrintalkov zivela kumaXesha Aphakathi.
I. S. Kaya, owaziwayo owaziwayo, wabhala:
"UTransA liqela elikhethekileyo lamaYuda, elide lihlala kwi-peninsula ye-pronnin kwaye lisamkela kakhulu inkcubeko."
Ooyihlo beSalkov
Ngokuphathelele kwimvelaphi yeCrimea, kukho amagqabantshintshi aliqela. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo phakathi kwezazinzulu zithambekele kwinto yokuba aba bantu yinzala yabantu amandulo yamaYuda. Ukuqulunqwa kweqela lolwaphulo-mthetho luqala malunga neenkulungwane ze-XV. Isiseko sokuvela kobunye ubunye bemimandla engamaYuda yaseYurophu.
Nangona kunjalo, le nguqulo yenye kuphela yee-hypotheses ezininzi. Kwimibhalo yakhe, i-Tekogorist A. Samaravich ingaba sisinyangu samandulo, kwaye u-C. Zabolotyaya kwaye wanyanzelisa konke kwimvelaphi engakhathaliyo yesizwe. Ukuba ukucinga kokugqibela kuyinyani, baya kwamkelwa kakhulu ukuboleka okuninzi kwinkcubeko yamaYuda kunye ne-tatar, kufutshane nokuhlala kwiindawo abahlala kuzo.
Xa ookhokho bokuqala beRhrintas bavela kumhlaba wePeninsula, kunzima ukuyithetha. Njengoko ababhali-mbali bacebisa ukuba amambali embali yamaYuda eCrimeya avela ngenkulungwane yokuqala. Isizathu sokuhlaliswa komhlaba womhlaba wolwaphulo-mthetho siqwalaselwa ukucinezela amaJuda kuBukhosi baseRoma.
Iindawo zokuhlala zokuqala zamaYuda zivele kwi-proata e-xiii kwi-cafe. Imithombo yezembali irekhodwe ithathe inxaxheba kubalimi baseKrymchaok kwiingxoxo ze-Ivan III kunye noRrecial Khan, kwaye icandelo lembalelwano yaqhutywa ngesiHebhere.
Imbali yabantu
Kwinkulungwane ye-XV, ukukhula kwemibutho yobuhlanga bamaYuda yePeninsula. Le nkqubo yaphelelwa kukugxothwa kwamaYuda aseByzantium, e-Italiya, iRussia. ISAYENSI YENKCAZO YOBUCHULE BUYENGAYENZA NGEXESHA LOKUQALA LOKUQALA LOKUQALA LOKUQALA NABOMBE BATSHA, UKUXELWA KWAKHONA. Ezi mpawu zokwenziwa ziphembelele kakhulu inkcubeko yamaYuda yeCririta kwaye, ngakumbi, amasiko abo baqolisi.
Njengoko abamelwane bolwazi yayingamachiza abongalisayo, izinto zabo zohlanga azikwazanga ukuzibonakalisa kolunye uhlanga. Ukuba ujonga i-Verica isinxibo seSizwe, unokuzibona zombini izinto zamaYuda nezesitati. Ukubolekwa kwe-tatar kubonakaliswa ngolwimi lweCrimea. Ngaphandle kokuboniswa okunjalo kwenkcubeko ye-Tatar, ayichaphazeli iinkolelo nobomi bukaKrymchakov.
Ngexesha lokudibana kwe-Grinta, uBukhosi baseRussia babalwa kwiPeninsula, bekukho malunga ne-800 abo banxilisayo basekuhlaleni i-peninsula. Inqanaba eliphantsi lophuhliso loqoqosho ngala mazwe aluvumeli inkcubeko yendawo.
Njengoko abo banxilisayo babonakalise kwisikhalazo kwiAlexander I, kwakungekho mntu ungatshatanga onokuthetha isiRashiya. Iimpawu ezinjalo zichaphazeleke kakubi kwinqanaba lemfundo, ezaziqhutywa ngelo xesha ngolwimi oluphambili lobukumkani.
I-Krymy Krymchakov
Ngaphandle kobunzima, inani lamabaphuli landa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane edluleyo, bekukho abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka asixhenxe kwiPeninsula, kwaye ngaphambi kokuqala kwemfazwe yemvelo enkulu, inani lafikelelwe amawaka ali-10.
Amaziko endawo yokuhlala abantu yi-SIMFOOPOPOP, e-Peooyosia, eKerch. Amagama eefama ezihlanganisiweyo ezenziwe kwi-20s - "UTransta" kwaye "uTenaria" athetha ngokubaluleka kunye nokuxhaphaka kwe-ethnos.
Indawo yokuhlala yaseJamani ye-crisa iba yintlekele ye-lrista. Ngexesha labahlaseli abangamaJamani, malunga ne-75-80% yeli qela lePeninsula yatshatyalaliswa. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, akukho bantu beSoviet Union bandise amaJamani njengoRorita.
Kwiminyaka yeMfazwe yasemva kweMvalo, kukho kuphela iiarhente ezingama-700 kuphela kwiCrimea. Ukubetha, kufakwe nabahlaseli abangenamntu, yayikutyeshela amanxitha. Kwanakwixesha lethu, umba wokusinda kwabaphuzi yingxaki ebalulekileyo. Namhlanje, kuphela iiyunithi kubameli bobuzwe abagcinile ulwazi lolwimi lwesiHebhere, uninzi kakhulu onokuthetha ngolwazi loCerrita.
Kule mihla, izithethe ezininzi zonqulo, apho uKrympai anamathele kwiinkulungwane zaphulukana nelahleko. Kwiphulo lanamhlanje, uRrinta lo uhlala elona nani lincinci, kuba inani labo kula macandelo alidluli kwinani labantu abangama-400. Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kuluntu kwixesha elizayo - kunzima ukuqiqa.
Nangona kunjalo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukubiza abantu banobugqwetha ngabantu abathile. Ilahleko eyoyikekayo kunye neenkxwaleko zenkulungwane yokugqibela yayiyintlekele yaseKrymchakov, kodwa uluntu lwabo luhlala luncinci - luyaqhubeka nokuphila.
Ewe kunjalo, iqela elincinci labantu kunzima kakhulu ukunikezela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolelo ezininzi, kodwa uninzi lwezizwe sele zingqina ukuba ezona zinto zimangalisayo zinokuboyisa. Mhlawumbi iKrymchaki iya kusibulala kule nto.