NgoJanuwari 2021, iingcali ze-Russian zoqoqosho zaseRussia zazisiya kwiforum yemveli yendabuko. Amawaka angama-50 amawaka abathathi-nxaxheba kunye neeyure eziyi-150 zenkqubo kwiintsuku ezimbini zeshishini kwifomathi yomgama yemodeli yingxelo yeminyaka yakutshanje. Nangona kunjalo, ipelette yezimvo imxinwa-phantse akukho mntu ubona iRussia nayiphi na imeko yophuhliso olunokwenzeka. Ngokonwaba, yonke into ayiyi kuhlala imbi kunanamhlanje. Kodwa le ayisiyonyani.
Yonke indawo ye-Wedge
Bambalwa abantu abantu ukuba iRussia iza kuhlala ivaliwe lilizwe. Ukuhamba kotyalo mali lwangaphandle akusosikisi ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwengeniso yabemi, inkqubo ephathekayo, amagosa ase-Russian, umgaqo-nkqubo ongalindelekanga kunye nezohlwayo ezingenasiphelo. ICandelo loMphathiswa wezezimali alinaso elugcinweni lokunciphisa irhafu kunye nokugqobhoza umsebenzi weshishini. USekela-Mphathiswa Wezezimali I-Alexey Sazanov ephakanyisiweyo "Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezibonelelo zerhafu esele zibonelelwe, ngokuyintloko zezo tyalo mali." Oku kuthetha ukuba i-collar yeRhafu yeshishini eliphilayo inokuba sticter engaphezulu. Kwaye iimpazamo xa ungene kwi-suble yedijithali kuyakwazi ukusasazeka kwexabiso.Ziza kuziphatha njani iimarike emva kokususwa kwezithintelo ze-coronavirus - umakhulu uxeliwe. Kwelinye icala, lithembisa ukubuyela kwisigqi seshishini esiqhelekileyo. Kwelinye icala, icandelo elibalulekileyo leshishini lidanile ngokuqiniswa kogonyamelo ixesha le-pindemic - kwaye inokubangela ukuba iingcali ze-European Union okanye iUnited States aziyi kuba ubanzi. Ngo-2014 ukuya ku-515 Kwakumalunga namakhulu ezigidi zeedola ebanjiweyo kwicandelo lokwenyani, kwaye malunga ne-150-200 abantu abafudukayo ngonyaka.
NgokweNtloko yeCandelo loMphathiswa Wezeenkonzo Antoni u-Antoni Kosayikova, ngoku eRussia, malunga nezigidi ezingama-3.7 zisebenza ngokude, ezimalunga ne-6% yazo zonke eziqeshiweyo kweli lizwe. Kwaye ngokwembono yeminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, izalathi zengqesho ekude ziya kukhula kwinqanaba le-10% yokusebenza. Oku kuyakunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zeenkampani ezininzi, kodwa zigcwalise i-ofisi yokuthengisa i-ofisi yezothutho kunye neemarike zabahambi. Ngokwemvelo, isalamane se "Dock".
Omnye wabona bantu batyebileyo eRussia, umniniyo waseSevertali uAlexey wavakalisa inkxalabo malunga nokuncokola okukhulu kwelizwe-phezulu ukuze kugqitywe imisebenzi yokungenela ukuthengisa, kubonakala ngathi kungaqhelekanga . Sililizwe elixhomekeke ekuthengisweni nasendleleni elizweni. Ukuba kuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ngomso, uqoqosho lwesizwe luya kutyunjwa kangangezihlandlo ezibini, malunga ne-50% ye-GDP yenziwa nangayiphi na indlela yoqoqosho lwangaphandle. Sivele ngokwasemzimbeni. "
Enye yezicotha zokukhula, ezingaxhomekekanga kwizinto eziphambili zezopolitiko zeKremlin, zinokuba yidijithali yoqoqosho-akumangalisi ukuba amagosa azo zonke iinkosi ezimanyanisayo kwi "nkonzo" yethu. Ewe kunjalo, ingcinga yokuphepha ukuma kuzo zonke iintlobo "zomgca ophilayo", ukuzingela okusemaphakadeni kwezatifikethi kunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwanaxa kungekho ntzuzo yabantu. Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zedijithali zithetha inqanaba elitsha lemfuno. NjengeGosa eliyiNtloko lesiGqeba seLizwe laseKristalina Georgiev, asazi ukuba masenze ntoni ngeempahla ezilahlekelwe lixabiso kwixabiso ledijithali. Kwaye sinayo le nxalenye yoqoqosho. Uphi, ngokukodwa, izatifikethi zezalathiso? Kwimeko elungileyo, idijithali ithetha inguqu yoqoqosho, engenakwenzeka ngaphandle kotyalo mali ngqo, kubandakanya ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe. Kwaye ngubani ofuna ukutyala imali, ukuba sinenqaba ebomvu yelizwe?
Kule meko, i-LARTERTALSETS ASTALS ayisiyongxaki. Ngo-2019, urhulumente waseSt. Petersburg uxele ekukhuleni kotyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwi-25% ngonyaka. Nangona isixeko sabaleka phantse sonke ishishini laseFinland, i-ford griakhulu ivaliwe. Kwavela, kwi-smolny, iimali mboleko ezithathwe ziinkampani zaseRussia kwiibhanki zangaphandle ziye zaqwalaselwa utyalomali. Elinye ibali: Ngo-2016, iNtloko yeCandelo loMphathiswa Wezezimali kunye neYunivesithi yaseDeris Mntaurov ukuba iRussia ifumana imveliso ye-US. Imfihlo yajika yaba lula: i-ruble yawa kabini - ngokulandelelana, ilizwe liphindwe kabini kwidola enye.
Ukuxeliswa kophuhliso
Into esisiseko: ukukhula koqoqosho kwilizwe elinemigangatho yedwa akunakwenzeka. Ngelixa oochwephesha be-futurologist bahambisa ingqondo kwindawo yokuhlaselwa kweerobhothi kumzi mveliso, eyokwenyani kukho imithombo yezabasebenzi - okokuqala kubo bonke abafuduki. Oorhulumente benza yonke into enokwenzeka ukuba bakhathazeke kwabasetyhini kunye nabantu abadala-ngokukhethekileyo iminyaka engama-70. Ngokwesi sigqwirha, kuyavela ukuba igunya le-Russia lanyusa ngokufanelekileyo iminyaka yomhlala phantsi. Kodwa akunakuphinda unyuswe, kwaye abafuduki abavela kwiCentral Asia Russia basakhalaza ngeRussia.
Utshintsho luphumelele kuphela xa abantu baxhasa uMhlaziyi. Ngaphezulu kwamathuba elizwe liphela, elibuyiselwe emva kwentlekele kwiNkokeli "ye" "entsha, eyonanto ibububele ebantwini kunezenzululwazi, kodwa i-thertocrat engacacanga. Kodwa emva kokufundisa uMgaqo-siseko eRussia, "ukuvuselelwa komjikelo wezopolitiko" akuboniswa kwangaphambili. Kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-vladimir semin ngokucacileyo akujongi gqiphili. Kwixesha lokuqala lobongameli bayo, uPikin waqhuba olona hlengahlengiso lubalulekileyo: kuncitshiswe inani leerhafu ukusuka nge-200 ukuya kwi-16, ithathe indawo yerhafu yamanqanaba amanqanaba erhafu ephantsi, yazisa amapolisa emali, yazisa iikhowudi zomsebenzi zezemali. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, iinguqu zancitshiswa, kodwa ingeniso yabemi iphakamisa amaxesha amathandathu ngenxa yamaxabiso aphezulu e-oyile kunye nemali mboleko engapheliyo. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yolwaneliseko olukhulu, urhwaphilizo, uDemagoga, Cous, uvula ishishini. Ngo-2019, iwaka le-ruble "lixabisa" kuphela ii-rubs ezingama-416 kuphela kwi "Dovehop". Kwaye ngeminyaka engama-2020, idola yaphakama kwakhona ukusuka kwii-61 ukuya kwezingama-74.
Ngenani lezigidi zeebhiliyoni, kwi-Russia yesithathu emhlabeni, kwaye balawula i-16% ye-GDP-yinto eninzi. Kodwa kubi nangakumbi, elona chibi likhulu lenziwa kumacandelo ajolise ekukhupheleni irente (ioyile, igesi, ihlathi, ulwakhiwo). Kuthetha ukuba elizweni ayinamsebenzi kukhuphiswano lwasimahla, kunye nendawo efanelekileyo yokuphuhlisa, kodwa sisityebi ekuchitheni amaqhina ezopolitiko, ukuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwezopolitiko kunye nokuzikhusela kwezinto eziluhlaza. Kwaye "iibhiliyoni ezilungileyo" ngamasango e-Bill okanye uMark Zuckerberg, okwazile ukwenzela ukufumanisa ngokupheleleyo. I-Russian Zuckerberg ibizwa ngokuba yiPavel Durov, kwaye indlela aqhelene ngayo eRussia, yaziwa.
Kutheni le mvelaphi yobutyebi bubaluleke kangaka? Zama ukucinga ukuba ingenakwenzeka - amandla atshintshile eRussia. Imozulu yoluntu yabuya, kwaye ilizwe elinomsindo lava ukuba zonke izinto zixabisekileyo kuzo zezinye iintsapho. Umnqweno wendalo wabantu kukuguqula yonke. Imikhosi yezopolitiko eneemephu zendlela ziya kuba sehashe. Ukuze uqoqosho kunye notyalo-mali, imozulu enjalo ayikho kubi kakhulu. Njengentloko yentloko ye-Morgan Stanley ruchir sharm, intloko yezithuthi ezikhulayo zikaMorgan Stanley ubhala, "Ukuba ngamaxesha amnandi ukwalathisa yonke imigudu." Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokusasazwa koluntu akuyi kubakho mvume, kodwa kumandla-ubu semthethweni. Kwaye ngenxa yokuthuthwa kotyalo-mali ngokuchithwa-imeko ebi kakhulu.
I-Russia ngokwesiko ihlala ihleli "izicwangciso zophuhliso" kangangeminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20, akukho nanye into engazange izaliseke. Umtyali mali onobuchule uyazi ngokucacileyo ukuba ayisiyo ilizwe elinye, umzi-mveliso ophuhlayo, awukakwazi ukutsiba inqanaba lokwakhiwa kweempahla ezilula njengokwenziwe nge-sneakers okanye iijekethi ezilula. Ufanele aziphathe njani izicwangciso zikarhulumente zelizwe elingenisa i-orthodox ii icon ivela e-China, ukuqalisa i-ruble ye-trillion i-rubles ukuya kwi "High-Tech-Tecups"?
Ngokuphathelele ukuba ungenelelo lukaRhulumente kuqoqosho, iRusir Sharm ibhala oku kulandelayo: "Ndiqala ukujonga ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-GDP elenza iindleko zesiqhelo ukubona ukuba zityalo-mali olunemveliso okanye ukunikezela. Emva koko ndikhangela ukuba urhulumente usebenzisa iinkampani zikarhulumente kunye neebhanki njengezixhobo zokumpompozela impahla kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, nokuba ikhuthaza iinkampani zabucala okanye ithatha isigqibo. " USharma akahlalutye izikhombisi zaseRussia, kodwa akunzima ngaphandle kwawo.
Sineepesenti ezili-17 ze-GDP zikarhulumente, ezingaphezulu kwe-India, kodwa izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphantsi kwe-European Union. Ngotyalo-mali olufanelekileyo, isabelo sikaRhulumente kuqoqosho ngama-70%-oku kuthetha ukuba abathengisi babucala abahambi nje, kunye ne-uroat ngohlobo. Umzi-mveliso wesithathu wetyala ulawulwa yi-tembank yomhlaba kwi-Central Bank. UKHUSELEKO OKANYE UKHUSELEKO? I-China kangangeminyaka eli-12 yokukhula ixhasile imisebenzi yezigidi ezingama-73 kumashishini karhulumente, kwaye iRussia inabasebenzi abazizigidi ezingama-33. Sinama-ali-10 abasebenzi abaninzi kwiGazi ngaphezu kweqokobhe laseDatshi-baseBritane, nangona iingeniso zazo zombini iinkampani ziphantse ziyafana.
Kumtyalomalimali, oku kulusizi kakhulu. Ifana ne-ferret calier ukufumanisa ukuba ukhetho alufundisi iincwadi kwaye alushiyi, kodwa lwadutyulwa e-porn kwaye alukwazi ukuzala. Ukuba ikho kuphela i-braid ende kwaye ibukeka i-kokoshnik kwenye i-scales, umntu uza kuqalisa ntoni?
Akubalulekile kangako ukuba abasemagunyeni baseRussia abanandawo yokuhamba. Kwi-chess imeko enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yi-PAT. Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, i-kremlin yenza ngokucacileyo ukuba wayengayi kuyinyamezela "inkcaso engacwangciswanga". Kwaye akakhathali ukuba bacinga ntoni ngeli "amaqabane aseNtshona". Akukho mfuneko yokuba ithemba lokuba kunyulo lwe-Autund Duma, imikhosi emi kulo mdla woosomashishini woyiswa. Ngokuchasene noko, sibona ukomelezwa kwemikhosi yokuthand 'izwe elibonisa ngokuthe ngqo injongo yokuthatha amandla kwaye wenze "intlalontle". Bathetha ngeNkundla yeNkundla ngokuBambisana ngokuba "quarners kwimithombo yeendaba nakwi-Intanethi - i-nqanaba", kwaye "uThixo akanasihlandlo, ngaphandle kwezethu." Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kutyalo-mali ukuba la manani azuze unyulo kwipalamente yaseRussia? I-kremlin iyiqonda yonke into, kodwa yena ngokwakhe wazibeka kwimeko apho angasekho namnye umntu.
Ngaye, esona sigqibo sengqiqweni kukuhlala kwi-pop kancinci. Yenza abemi, basike irente, baqeqesha abakhuseli abaxhobileyo kunye nazo zonke iingxaki ukubeka ityala "iintshaba zaseRussia" kunye "nearhente zangaphandle". Kwaye umtyalomali wabucala wavumela amajelo adlula. Bahlala ngaphandle kwakhe ngenye imini.
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