NgoFebruwari 24, 1931, iziko likarhulumente lohlobo olutsha lavulwa kwi-Tula. Kwaye ukusukela nge-25 kaFebruwari, iSixeko sisondele ngakumbi kubomi bexesha elizayo - amawaka eentsapho aqapheshele kwimfuno yokulungiselela isidlo sasekhaya. Ixesha lililityela ixesha abalichitha kwinye into eluncedo.
Izitalato ze-hibiars
Umbono wamashishini okufumana umatshini uzifumene iingqondo kumashumi amabini enkulungwane yokugqibela. Umbono kwaye enyanisweni yayingalunganga - abantu abakhululekileyo abavela ekhitshini. Ngamaxesha, xa bekungekho ziplate zegesi, imicrowaves kunye ne-aerogrile, kwabonakala kuyinto entle. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, i-primus kunye nezitovu ziphethe into eninzi. Ukuqala ukusuka kwi-antisanitari yaseBalani enxulunyaniswa nobukho be-kerosene, i-soot, i-ash xa ipheka, iphele ngento yokuba yonke inkqubo ingenalo ixesha elininzi kwaye yayiyingozi yomlilo.Ikhitshi lefektri sele yakhiwe kwilizwe lonke, kwaye ngoku, ngo-1928, kwagqitywa kwelokuba le nto iqhubekekayo ivela eTula. Ekuqaleni, yafihliwe ngumgangatho omncinci kakhulu - kwimigangatho emibini kunye ne-500 yezidlo ezi-500 ngemini.
Ihlala isombulula into ephambili - apho uza kwakha ikhitshi lekhitshi eliqikelelweyo. Baye bagqiba kwelokuba kwindawo yokutyela "Oktobha". Apho kukho igumbi lokutyela, kunzima ukuyithetha ngokuchaneka. Ngokuchanekileyo kanye le ndawo kwindawo ethile embindini. Kungacinga ukuba ilungiselelwe kwigumbi levenkile yokutyela elungileyo. Kodwa le projekthi yaliwe-elincinci kakhulu yajika yaba yintendelezo kwigumbi lokutyela apho ikhitshi ingakwakhela khona. Kwaye xa kwakhiwa kwintendelezo yesakhiwo esitsha, kwakudalwa ukuvalwa, nto leyo engayi kuvumela iimveliso ngendlela yexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye isuse inkunkuma.
Sifuna indawo ethathela ingqalelo imveliso esengqiqweni yomsebenzi wekhitshi, ukugcina iingxowa-mali zokuziswa kokutya kwishishini kunye nokudala izinto ezahlukeneyo zeendwendwe. Emva koko kwagqitywa kwelokuba isigqibo esifanelekileyo siya kudiliza imiqolo yokuthengisa ngokubhekisele kwi-kremlin, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kwiCawa yaseKazan, kuyo yonke icawa yabasebenzi. Kule nto, le projekthi yayiguqukele kancinci - iingcali zazikholelwa ukuba isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini esinemigangatho emibini iya kuba negalelo kwinkalo esele ikho.
Uluntu, nangona kunjalo, luye lwanikezela ngokukhethekileyo ukhetho lwayo. Eyona projekthi ineenkcukacha ineenjineli ye-pullkin, ebonakala ngathi ikhitshi lefeknoloji yayisakhiwa ngokuyintloko ukuze isebenze abasebenzi be-tula yokuqala kunye nesanda. Mdala, njengoko wonke umntu eqondakala, indala. Kwaye intsha sisikhiwo sangoku somatshini. Ukuya kuthi ga kwishumi elinesixhenxe lenkulungwane yokugqibela kwiSixeko esiLayimba kwaye wabiza isixhobo esitsha. Umzi-mveliso ontsonkothileyo - ikhitshi, ngokwe-injini ye-pulkin, kufuneka ibekwe ngokuhambelana nokuvela eziveleni,
Ukuze umsebenzi akakhange achithe umsebenzi ogqithisileyo kunye nexesha lokudlula kwisityalo ukuya kwigumbi lokutyela. Oku kufanele ukuba kuchaphazele ukuhlengahlengiswa kokukhetha kwigumbi lokutyela.
Emva koko wacebisa ukuba indawo yekhitshi yezamashishini kunye negumbi lokutyela eliphambili, eyanelisa yonke imisebenzi ebekiweyo, iya kuba yindawo yonke eyenziweyo phakathi kwezitrato ze-fuznetsov, ngokunjalo phakathi kweecawa zeSretenskaya kwaye Kazan. Ewe, ewe, iCawa yaseKazan yayimi, kodwa i-Embanmetion yayisele ibomvu i-Kuznetssov.
"Ndivile isichasi esingabalulekanga kwikota yekota kwisitrato sensimbi, apho amaziko oluntu abeka khona (i-metallille Club), amagumbi. Kodwa ndinesibindi sokubonisa le kota. "
Sasiyintoni esi sibindi? Kwaye kwinto yokuba, njengoko ityhilwe yi-pushkin, bekukho izindlu ezibini kuphela, ukuphumla. Kwaye kwaphela, akuyomfuneko ukuphelisa yonke into ngaxeshanye. Kwisithuba sokuqala, izakhiwo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngamabhodlo ezakhiwo ekuqaleni kwecawa ye-Sretensk kwaye zifake amabhodlo e-Zalniki, kanye ukuya kwi-1 1 (yangaphambili ). "Izindlu ezikwindawo yentsimbi yesitrati inxenye ye-STATARY NOKUGQIBELA ngoku ezinokuba zezona ngoku zinokusetyenziswa nge-CRC ngesivumelwano kunye ne-witcheoz ngohlobo lwangoku, kwaye ezinye zazo zakhiwe kwakhona. Ngale ndlela, kwisithuba sokuqala, indawo emalunga nesiqingatha sekota iyonke inokusetyenziswa, kwaye amabhodlo anokukhulisa izakhiwo ezintsha ezihlengahlengisiweyo kwiimfuno ezintsha zobomi. Inkalo engaphezulu yekota iya kusebenza njengendawo yogcino lokwakha okuqhubekayo kwe-CRC. " I-CRC yindawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo ephakathi, oko kukuthi, umbutho wokwenza iinkonzo kwimfuno yabathengi.
Injini ye-pullekin icacisile ukuba isakhiwo sezitena sangaphambili, ngokomntu abaphonononga, ukuphela kwezakhiwo, ukuya kuthi ga kwiCawa yaseKazan, kukho indawo ethe kratya. Ngenxa yoko, ukwandiswa kolwakhiwo ecaleni kwe-enban Kuznetssov phantse kungafezekisi imiqobo.
Wayekuvumelana ngaxeshanye nomfanekiso othile we-golitsyn, owayekholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba athwale i-hibis kwisitrato sensimbi, ukwakha ikhitshi lefektri endaweni yoko. Kuyinyani, ukuqalisa ngesindululo sokwakha kwisithili, kwikona ye-OCTOBH NOBUCHULE. Eli liziko lendawo yokusebenza kwaye likufutshane nesona siseko siphambili - isikhululo seRyazhsky. Kwaye igumbi lokutyela emva koko liwela kwindawo enikezelwe kuyo ngokuntywila.
Ilungu leBhunga leBhunga laseSelivanov laliqinisekile ukuba isindululo sokwakha kwindawo yemiqolo yakudala ayimkelekanga. Embindini wesiXeko sele igumbi elihle le-"Oktobha", ke igumbi lokutyela elitsha kufuneka likhuthaze embindini wendawo yokusebenza ukuze umsebenzi asondele ukuba isidlo sangokuhlwa okanye isidlo sangokuhlwa. Wayekholelwa ukuba umzi-mveliso wasekhitshini kufuneka wakhiwe eZarechye. Oku, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuya kunciphisa ireyithi yokuhamba kweemveliso kwifriji yesikhululo sikaloliwe seRyazhsky kunye nothutho lwabasebenzi besidlo sasemini oshushu.
Ke, yiba yinjini yenjini kunye ne-golitsyn ye-golitsyn ngcinga, ngekhe sihambe ngoku kwisitrato esihle saba zezemo zensimbi. Kodwa bona baphumelela abo bagqiba kwelokuba babingelele imiqolo yokurhweba, ngokombhali we-gogol kunye necawa yeKazan, ethi umthengisi uNicholas II.
Babengakhange bajonge into yokuba udweliso lwentengiso kutsha nje, ngo-1926, lwalungiswa ingxelo yeakhawunti karhulumente, kwaye eli litye lesikhumbuzo kumlo we-Xviiiii. "Kukrelekrele", babengahlambuluka bathi ngokuba "banamathele emhlabeni."
Ikhitshi lefektri iyile abantu abatshabayo
Iprojekthi yokugqibela evunyiweyo yenze utshintsho olubalulekileyo. Okokuqala, isakhiwo simigangatho emithathu, hayi ezimbini. Ngapha koko, eyona nto iphambili kwaye kuwo wonke imigangatho emine. Ukushiywa lokutyela isidlo esele zenziwe kwi ekhitshini wanyuswa projekthi ukusuka nezidlo 500 ukuya 1000 ngosuku, kwaye yonke intsebenzo nekhitshi imihla uchazwa endaweni 10,000 - 12,000 nezidlo.
Esi sakhiwo sakhiwe yitekhnoloji yakutshanje, esekwe kumava afunyenwe ngulwakhiwo lweefektri zekhitshi eMoscow nase-Ivanovo-voznenensk.
Umgangatho wokuqala weSicwangciso usebenzise i-lobby, i-snack bar, i-cafe, ivenkile yeholide egqityiweyo kunye negumbi lokutyela yabantu abangama-400. Kwigumbi lokutyela lesibini, i-Buffet, ilayibrari, iofisi yezorhwebo kunye nelebhu yentengiso. Kwiklabhu yesithathu, igumbi leMpursela elikhulu, i-lobby, kunye neholo ebonakalayo kubantu abangama-600. Kwakhona, kwifom yokugqibela, ayizizo zonke izimvo ezenzeka.
Kubasebenzi benkonzo, ukuhamba okwahlukileyo, igumbi elineshawari. Umsebenzi ngamnye, oza kusebenza, unokuthatha ishawa, emva koko atshintshele kwindawo yokusebenza, emva koko esele ephelile.
Ngasemva komzi-mveliso, ikhitshi lekhitshi, i-fridge yeemveliso ezinokutshakaza, ivenkile yeziqhamo, ukuzingca kunye nokuhlamba imifuno, izityalo, njl. Njl.
Ikhitshi labakhonzwa ziipleyiti ezimbini kunye ne-27 yabapheka abangama-27. Ukufudumeza.
Ngokwesicwangciso, ngo-1928, abakhi kwafuneka babeke isiseko ngo-1929 ukugqiba isakhiwo esakhiweni, ukuze ebusika benze umsebenzi we-1930 ukuqalisa umsebenzi womzi-mveliso wasekhitshini .
Emva koko baceba ukuba babeza kugqiba ukwakhiwa ukuya kwi-13 ka-Okthobha, oko kukuthi, ngokuwa kuka-1930. Kodwa kwakhona ngexesha alizange lihlangane. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, umsebenzi wenziwa kwimibutho yeshumi elinane, engazange ayithathele ingqalelo iyimfuneko yokulungelelanisa izenzo zabo phakathi kwabo, kwaye izinto ezininzi kwakufuneka ziphinde zenzeke. Ihlala ingenalo iphaneli yombane, oochwephesha, abaphekiweyo, isixhobo sokubila iziselo ezishushu, njl. Inye kuphela, kunye nesitena sasingakhathalelwanga- bafumana izigidi ezine ezinesiqingatha ukusuka kwi-conbybyby yendawo yokurhweba kunye neCawa yaseKazan.
Yakhelwe ngesandla. Ubunkunkqele obuphakamileyo batsalele ibhokhwe - isixhobo esikhethekileyo, iibhanti zazixhonywe emagxeni nasemva komthwalo, apho amashumi amabini okanye amathathu amashumi eebhuleki abekwe. Bakha uninzi lwangaphambili, abaphembeleli ngezixhobo kwaye bahenyuzwa eMoscow. Akukho mntu watshisayo ngenzondelelo. I-Muscovtes yayikhutyejiswa ngokubanzi-i-CRC yasekhaya ayifuni ukubafaka kwiakhawunti, kwaye ke amalungelo okufumana amashishini angenzi ufaka isicelo sabaxhasi. Ngokwemvelo, yonke imihla babecinga ngakumbi nangakumbi malunga nokudelela kunolwakhiwo olusondeleyo.
Abantu bendawo abakanuki kakhulu yinkuthalo. Amaphephandaba akhawulezile ngemfundiso enkulu kunye nenyaniso yokuba abasebenzi abangama-300 kuphela abangama-38 kuphela badweliswe ngabaguli, kwaye kuphela ezimbini aziqingqiweyo apha de kube sekupheleni kokwakhiwa. Elinye, liyavela, linokujija kwithuba lokuqala. Oku, nangona kunjalo, kwakungasoloko kulula ukuba ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokwakha kwakungavunyelwa. Kodwa rhoqo imvume yakhe ekhethekileyo yokugxothwa ikhuphe umanyano lwabakhi. Ingabonwa, kukho abo baqondayo abantu abaye bajongane ngokugqibeleleyo, obulapha boku-odola.
Ewe, uninzi kwisixeko esigculiweyo: Akuyi kuba nakho nto yokupheka kulo mzi-mveliso. Ulwakhiwo lwalujikelezwe ngokubanzi zizinambuzane, kanye njengoko kulindelwe ngaloo maxesha.
Umzekelo, isakhiwo se-krattyfin eye yayilelwa isakhiwo senze ukuba igumbi elincinci labelwe ukuvelisa ngokwalo, kwaye oku alizange linike ithuba lokuqhubela phambili umzi-mveliso. Abaqeshwa ngokufanelekileyo bokuphoqo olunemikhono kwaye bamnqanda ngexesha. Njengoko ubungqina bokwandiswa kwaphela komzimba phantsi kwemveliso.
Akukho namnye, ngendlela, wayengamangalisiyo, kutheni kungekho lwazi malunga nolwakhiwo lwe-kratun kwiimpapasho zasekhaya zasekhaya kwaye kwi-Intanethi? Kodwa umntu uphuhlise isakhiwo sokuqala sehlabathi sohlobo olutsha kunye nexesha elitsha kwiTula. Kwaye kulungile ukuba akukho. Yintoni ekufuneka bayikhumbule ngaye, malunga notshaba? I-Kratynn ye-Kratynnin, ayikagqitywanga ukwakhiwa, kwaye sele inkosi kubasebenzi bealarm yangaphakathi, yadubula i-qubrication.
Kwaye le yenye yenkundla yeSoviet elungileyo ayizazi ngempazamo enkulu - into yokuba amachaphaza omhlaba ophantsi kweTula akazange athathelwe ingqalelo, yiyo loo nto ukwakhiwa kwaloo ndlela befuna ukuba neengxaki zifuna ukulungiswa.
Qhala
Kwimowudi yovavanyo, ikhitshi isebenze sele isusela ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, ihambisa isidlo esizinzileyo sana-ntweni kwizixhobo. Kodwa ukufunyanwa ngokusesikweni kwenzeka ngentsimbi yesithandathu ngokuhlwa nge-24 kaFebruwari. Kwakukho amawaka eendwendwe ememelwe kuye, uninzi lwawo amadlelo amashishini e-Tula.
Emva kwenxalenye esemthethweni yekhitshi yomzi-mveliso enesampulu yeemveliso zawo - izidlo ezingumzekelo.
Ewe, iimbongi zalapha ekhaya zatsho iLizwi lazo:
"Siphakamisa ubomi obutsha,
Kunye nePrimos -
Iintshaba zethu -
Thintela ukuba sikwazi ukwakha intlalo
Kwaye amanyathelo athintelwe.
EKikado cuba kunye ne-avgar,
Ubomi obudala abugqiba.
I-feper-kitchen yindawo yokubetha
Ukubetha ngamandla kwixesha lemini elula. "
Isakhiwo esitsha saya ikratshi lokwenene. Yonke imihla umzi-mveliso uye wahamba ngeehambo ezintathu okanye ezine. Kwaye bayayithanda icebo langaphakathi ixesha elide. Ke, ngo-Matshi 1933, "I-Kombimar" yathi: "NgoMatshi 18, iBhunga lesiXeko le-Ope, kunye noGerzSilSoyuz, elungiselela ukhenketho lwe-tula. Abacundu baya kundwendwela indawo yokubhaka, umzi-mveliso wasekhitshini, impahla, i-Szandleshet myuziyam. I-hike yohambo yenzelwe yonke imini. Emva kohambo, abathathi-nxaxheba baya kufumana isidlo sakhe sasemini. Rekhoda kwi-gorzhillissuyuzi (isebe lokusetyenziswa) kwi-T. Tisova nakwiBhunga leSixeko (ibhotwe lomsebenzi, com ¶13), inombolo yomnxeba 12. Ibhotwe lomsebenzi, ecaleni kwendlela, sisikhiwo apho bekunokwenzeka ukuba uvume ikhitshi elitsha lefektri ukusuka kwifestile-abamelwane abane-pond gand yoovulindlela ngoku.
Kuyinyani, inkuthalo ngokubhekisele kubunyulu obungacocekanga be-Indoosts ngokukhawuleza. Iindwendwe zaqalisa ukukhalaza nge-Antisanitia, ukungcola, izitya ezingenakuphikiswa. Kodwa eli lilinye eli libali elingenanto ifana nembono entle yenkululeko yoluntu kwiKhithikisi.