Kwiprojekthi entsha kwi-TV Channel TNV, udliwanondlebe kunye ne-tatar ebalaseleyo kwaye iingcali ziya kupapashwa ngeempelaveki.
Umgqatswa wezibalo, i-Mathematics, uNjingazana Marat ViaziChavich Marat Vazachich waba yigorha leprojekthi ekhethekileyo.
Kudliwanondlebe kunye ne-TNV, i-TNV, iLotellin yathetha malunga nentambo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwabantu kulwazi lweelwimi ezininzi, kwimfundo yelizwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, nakwiingcali zolwimi lweTatar.
"Kukho imfundo kulwimi lwe-Tatar, kodwa ngeRussia - abafani nomxholo"
-Ukuma kwimvelaphi yemfundo yesizwe kwi-90s. Yintoni ehamba phambili kunye nempumelelo oyibonayo namhlanje?
Ewe, ndingomnye wabantu ababezibandakanya kwimfundo yesizwe. Emva koko iqela elikhulu labafundisi-ntsapho lasebenza, lo msebenzi udibeneyo kwaye umntu omnye akanakuze akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo. Inyani yile yokuba sisebenzisa ulwimi lwenkobe, isetyenziswa kubalo lwabantu, kwaye abantu bayisebenzisa, kodwa unentsingiselo eyahlukileyo yokuqonda kwihlabathi naseRussia. Umzekelo, eRussia ekutolikeni iTiikov, olu lulwimi umntu olinetyala. Umhlaba uthathwa njengolwimi lwenkobe-ulwimi lwabantu.
-Unawo umahluko?
-Umahluko mkhulu! Umntu usenokungabi nalo ulwimi lwenkobe kwaye lo luphawu lokuhlaselwa. Umzekelo, ngokobalo luka-2010, iiTatare ezizigidi ezi-5 zezigidi zingathethi ulwimi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iTatar ngo-2010 ingama-25%. Ndiyacinga, ngenxa yobalo lwalo nyaka, esi siphithiphithi siyakhula. Ke ngoko, ulwimi lwenkobe lulwimi lwabantu bakho. Kwiiteti, ulwimi lwaseRussia alunjalo, nokuba alunayo i-tatar.
- I.E. Isazisi kunye nolwimi ziqhagamshelwe?
-Udibene kakhulu! Ekuhambeni kwexesha, hayi ubuchule bolwimi buza kukhokelela kwinto yokuba umntu aphulukane nenkcubeko yabantu bakhe.
- Emva kwezizukulwana ezingakanani?
-Emalunga nezezizukulwana ezi-2. Ndingathanda ukuhlala kwimbandezelo yemfundo yesizwe, ethetha ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lwemfundo engathathi hlangothi. Kodwa, nayiphi na imfundo isizwe. Ke ngoko, itheko lemfundo leSizwe lugcinwe, olusetyenziswa kuphela kwilizwe lethu. Kukho imfundo kulwimi lwe-Tatar, kodwa ngesiRashiya - abafani nomxholo! Ixabiso elifanayo nezomhlaba kunye nolwazi.
-Indima yemfundo yesizwe kunye nobuchule bolwimi ikwakhona neekhonsepthi ezidityanisiweyo?
Ewe, ewe, ngqo! Kuba ulwimi alufunyanwa njengelifa. Umntu ngamnye uzalelwe ngaphandle kolwimi.
-Kwathi sithi zisekhona izinto zendalo esingqongileyo, usapho okanye kuphela isikolo?
-Isikolo-Into Esikhoyo Usapho kuphela xa umntu elele. Ngapha koko, bonke ubomi benzeka kwi-kindergarten, emsebenzini, esikolweni.
- Kodwa abantu abaninzi bathi ulwimi lwe-Tatar kufuneka lugcinwe kusapho ...
"Ukuba kunjalo, iitatshi zaya zaze zibambelele abantwana babo." Ngapha koko, xa bafika kwilali yolwimi lwabo yayinguTatar, banxibelelana ngayo, kodwa abantwana babo sele benxibelelana ngesiRashiya.
"IiTatale zangena eRussia namazwe abo, azizange ziwe enyangeni!"
-Uyifumene njani imfundo kwi-Native (yeTatar) kwi-90s? Sifumene ntoni ngoku?
-I-90s yiminyaka yeRenaissance, ukubuyela kwakhona. Ukuba ujonga ibali, emva koko iitayitile zihlala zinenkqubo yemfundo elungileyo kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokujoyina iRussia kwaye emva kokujoyina iRussia, le nkqubo igcinwe. Ewe kunjalo, kwenye indawo iminyaka engama-200 yayiphantsi komhlaba, kodwa ukusukela nge-1700 yayisele ivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba ivule i-mosques kunye nawo iMadrasa kwaye zonke iiTatars zifumene imfundo.
Ngo-1870, inkqubo yokwenza ukumiselwa kwabasemzini kwamkelwa eRussia, yamkelwa nguTolstoy. Inecandelo elahlukileyo, elikhulu lee-tatar. Kwaye emva kwenguquko, indalo kwinqanaba likarhulumente lwemfundo yombuso kulwimi lwe-Tatar. Uhlaselo luka-Okthobha lwaluyinkululeko kuzwelonke kwinyani yabo. Abanye abantu bakhululwa ngokubanzi, umzekelo, ama-hala, isibonda sasidalwe kwilizwe elahlukileyo. I-TATARS kwi-ITARS yembali ihleli njengenxalenye yeRussia, kodwa kubo bonke imeko yophuhliso lwemfundo.
- Ngaba ihlala ixesha elide?
- kude kube ngo-1934. Ngaphambi koko, iitatshi khange zibe nemfundo kawonke-wonke, yayikho ngenkcitho yabantu. Ezemfundo yayiseRussia kuphela kwaye ikhululekile, kwaye iititha zaqeqeshwa ngenkcitho yazo. Ngapha koko, eMadrasa, yayingavumelekanga ukuya kufunda iMathematics, chemistry, yebhayoloji. UMarrasa "Izh-Bubi" udume ngenxa yokuba apho waqalisa ukufundisa izinto kulwimi lwe-Tataria kwaye ezi bafakwa entolongweni iminyaka eli-10.
Ngo-1920, iRiphabliki yaseTatarstan yadalwa, kodwa sele ikwiminyaka ye-18, eyokuqala yommiselo yayikukuziwa kwezemfundo yasimahla, enyanzelekileyo, eprayimari kulwimi lwe-Tatar. Kwakukho irekhodi labo bonke abantwana beminyaka yesikolo, kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukuya eyunivesithi. Ndibukele oovimba baseMoscow, idatha igcinwe apho kwisikolo ngasinye kuyo yonke imimandla yaseRussia.
-Kwenzeka njani konke?
- Ootitshala babeshicilelwe, ootitshala abalungiselele eOmsk, eTomsk, i-UFE, orenburg. Umsebenzi osebenzayo, abafundi bokuqala. Kwindlu yokupapasha "ukuqondisa" iincwadi ezipapashiweyo, isebe kuphela elalisebenza eKazan. Ezi ncwadi zokufunda zandiswa kwiRussia. KwiCandelo loMphathiswa Wezemfundo yayili Sebe leMfundo leSizwe, ethi yonke ilawulwa. Akukho zitayile zeDiaspora eRussia, kuba iRussia yindawo awazalelwa kuyo iTatare. I-Tatars ihlala e-USA-Diaspora. I-Tatars yangena eRussia namazwe abo, abazange bawele enyangeni!
Ngo-1934, wavunyelwa ukuba akhethe ngokukhululekileyo ulwimi lokufunda esiqhayisayo. Kodwa oku akuhambelani kuzo zonke iziseko zesayensi ye-Didagogical, kuba bonke ootitshala abakhulu baseKamensky, i-Deterweg, i-USHINSKY yathi imfundo mayibe ngolwimi lwenkobe. I-Discreweg yatsho: "Ootitshala mabaze nolwimi lokufundisa, kufuneka babe ngabameli baba bantu, abathwali benkcubeko."
Emva kwexesha, izikolo zikaTatar zaqala ukuvala, uqeqesho lootitshala bayeka. Kodwa i-natking ekhethekileyo yaqala ngo-1937, sele ikhuphe uvavanyo olunyanzelekileyo ngolwimi lwaseRussia, kwaye ngolwimi lwabo lwenkobe larhoxiswa, ukubhala kwatshintshelwa kwi-cyrillic. Ngexesha lemfazwe ye-titriotic enkulu, zonke iiyunivesithi ze-pedogogical kwezinye iindawo zivalekile ekusweleni imali kunye namaphephandaba. Kwaye ngokwemvelo, izikolo ngaphandle koqeqesho zivaliwe.
EThatarsstan, kwiminyaka emi-4 yootitshala eTatar, abalungiswanga.
-Uthetha ukuba ngubani?
-Mathematics, AStshatis, Aiseko zebhayoloji.
- I.E. Ngaba aba bafundise ngolwimi?
- Ewe! Kuba ndibizwa ngokuba yi-ax, kwaye ndenze imveliso-ufuna inkosi. EThatarstan kwabakho omnye umgaqo-nkqubo, ulwimi olunzulu lwe-Tatar lwabhengezwa njengombuso, kunye nenkqubo yokuqaliswa kolwimi lwe-TATAR kuBomi. Ngoku sinolwimi lwe-Tatar alusetyenziswanga ebomini. Kodwa ngolwimi lwe-Tatar, unokuphumeza imfundo ephezulu, imveliso. Ulwimi lwe-Tatar lubandakanyiwe kwinani leelwimi zaseYurophu ngoncedo lwamagama. Umzekelo, ndenze intetho kwenye yeenkomfa eMoscow malunga namava ezikolo ngolwimi lwe-Tatar loqeqesho, ndatsho ukuba zonke izifundo zifundiswa eTatar. Isuka kwiholo yabuza lo mbuzo: "Njani? Ngaba ufundisa iMathematics kulwimi lwe-Tatar? Kwaye uthatha phi amagama? ", Kwaye nditsho phi, ngaba i-maths, i-sinsus kunye ne-cosine engabonakaliyo yaseRussine ?! Akunjalongo noko! Ndabanceda ukubakholisa.
- Kutheni le nto abazali boyika ukunika abantwana babo ukuba bafumane abantwana babo?
-Ngokuba kukho i-propaganda! I-TATARS ayizazi izazinzulu zazo. I-Tatars inxulunyaniswa nabani? Ndikunye nabadanisi, iimvumi, kwizimo ezigqithisileyo ngentatheli nakwintatheli. Kwaye sineenzululwazi ezininzi ezidume yi-tatarstan, kodwa nakwihlabathi liphela! Umzekelo, i-rashid syminayev, unexhala lokuba akukho lwimi kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan, kwaye amaphupha ayathetha ngayo kwiCongress nganye.
- Kodwa sineziko leTatar, ukuguqulela ...
-Uyimpazamo, kulwimi lweTatar. Kwi-mehmate, i-fizmate, akukho zi-biofaq, kodwa kukho iingcali kwezi ndawo!
-Ngcwele esi sizukulwana sokugqibela?
-Ngaba! Kwi-90s, kungekho lilize akuzange kuhlala, sakhulula abafundi abaninzi abanolwimi lwe-Tatar.
- Mhlawumbi kufanelekile ukwakha iyunivesithi yesizwe?
Iyunivesithi ithetha ukuba i-polylingval, kubandakanya i-tatar. Ukunqongophala kwazo zonke iiyunivesithi zethu zaseRussia- akukho isiNgesi esomeleleyo. Umzekelo, ndiye ndafunda isiNgesi kwisikolo samabanga athile, kuba isazinzulu kufuneka sibe sembonakalo yesayensi kufuneka ube nesiNgesi. Inzululwazi ye-Universal! Sihlala eRussia kwaye simele sazi isiRashiya, kodwa sazi ulwimi lwenkobe, alulonzakalisi, kodwa liya kumcebisa wonke umntu. Ngoku ehlabathini, imeko yokusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi kunye neenkampani zikhuthaza ubunini bezinto ezibalaseleyo nabantu ababalaseleyo ngeelwimi ezimbalwa. Olu hlalulo luqhekeke, luvuse kwaye lundise ulwazi.
-Imfundo ye-polylival yinkqubo yehlabathi?
- Ewe! Kwaye ulwimi lwenkobe lubuchule obuphambili bokufundisa. Ezo. Umntu ongathethi ulwimi lwakhe kwinkobe akaqwalaselwa njengomntu ofundileyo.
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Ilgiz Shakhrasiev: "Abantwana kufuneka bachaze ukuba olu lwimi lwakho lwe-teatal, labeka iingqolowa, kwaye iya kuhlala" - ividiyo