Leliphi ixesha kwaye inokuba yonke imibono yethu malunga nayo ayilunganga? Ukuba uzama ukufumanisa, kuyavela ukuba ubuntu babona ixesha elaneleyo - liqhubela phambili kwaye alinakubuya umva. Ngapha koko, ixesha lexesha alikho ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye asinakuyichaphazela nangayiphi na indlela. Kutshanje, iqela labaphandi livela embindini wezinto zeDyunivesithi yeDriffith, iZiko leSizwe leSizwe (i-NMI) kunye nombutho weSayensi yeNyuks kunye neTekhnoloji yeNyuko (eyona njongo yalo Ukuzama ukubonisa ukuchaneka okanye ukungahambelani kwethiyori yexesha lanamhlanje. Ithiyori yenguqu entsha, ngokutsho kwababhali bayo, inokuguqula lonke uluvo lwethu lwexesha kunye nendawo-yonke into kungenxa yokuba ivumela ukubakho kobukho bendalo eqingqiweyo kunye engaguqukiyo. I-physics iphakamise ukuba inyani yokutshintsha kwezinto ngokuhamba kwexesha ayisiyonto yendalo, kodwa endaweni yoko kungekho simo sokujikeleza kwexesha esisiseko elibizwa ngokuba "kukuphula umthetho. Ukuba izazinzulu zichanekile, umsebenzi wazo uya kujika yonke imibono yale mihla malunga nexesha kunye nendawo, kwaye iya kutshintsha imbono yethu kwimithetho esisiseko yendalo yendalo.
Ithiyori yexesha
Ukuqonda kwexesha langoku kubonisa ukuba ihamba kuphela kwicala elinye - ukusuka kwi-ndawonye e-ndawone ukuya kona ngaphezulu kwaye luhlobo olusisiseko lwendalo. Emva ngo-1927, i-Astronomer Sir Arthur i-Edding ichaze ukuba amandla okusasazeka kancinci kubungqina bokungaguquguquki kwe "ARROWS yexesha". Okubangela umdla kukuba, lolona phawu 'lokolo lwexesha' ayihambelani nemithetho eyaziwayo yefiziksi, isebenza ngokungqalileyo nakwindlela eyahlukileyo. Ke ukuba umntu uyazi iindlela zonke amasuntswana kwindalo iphela, unokukwazi ukuzibuyisela kwaye amandla kuya kufuneka aqokelele, kwaye angayikhuphi.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, okoko kwaoko imvelaphi ye-Thermodynamics (1850s), ifomula yokwabiwa kweenkcukacha-manani zeTrajeli engaziwayo yamasuntswana yayikuphela kwendlela yokubala amandla. Nangona kunjalo, ukubala okwenziweyo kwindlela eyabonisileyo ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha umfanekiso jikelele waba senziwe ... ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kodwa imfundiso entsha yexesha elonyulwe yi-proifdomoist, unjingalwazi kwiDyunivesithi yaseGriffith, uJoan Vakkaro, iphakamisa ukuba ixesha linokuhamba kwezinye iindlela - phambili.
I-EngerDose kwiiSayensi ezichanekileyo nezeNdalo zichaza ukusasazeka okungapheliyo kwamandla okanye ukungasebenzi kwayo.
Ithiyori entsha, njengoko yayikhutshiwe, yaphuhliswa nguNjingalwazi Vakkaro kangangesithuba seminyaka elishumi. Vaccaro wathelekisa ukuhamba ngexesha lulophu, nto leyo eboniswa imithi, makuqatshelwe ukuba sikwazi ukubona intshukumo amagqabi, kodwa musa ukucinga ukuba amagqabi ukwenza umoya ngabo. Into yokuba sikwazi ukubona indlela ezitshintsha ngayo izinto ngokungeyo "kwindalo eyakhiweyo", kwaye ibangelwa kukujikeleza kwexesha ", kwaziwa ngokuba" kukwaphula umthetho ".
Njengoko iVakkaro ibhala, "ukwaphulwa kwe-t" ayivumeli ukuba ihlale ifakwe ekhaya. Kungenxa yokuba "Ukophula umthetho", izinto aziveli kwaye aziveli ngamathuba, zikhoyo ngokuqhubekayo. Imithetho edumileyo yokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa kwesininzi akukho nto ingaphezulu kweempawu zale mizobo.
Ngaba uyafuna ukuhlala usazi ukuba kufunyenwe kufunyaniswe isayensi yesayensi kwiiNdawo ezahlukeneyo zeSayensi? Bhalisa kwi-Channel yethu yeendaba kwi-telegraph ukuze ungaphoswa nantoni na enomdla!
Ubungqina betheko elitsha
Ke ngoko, ngokwedatha efunyenwe ngexesha lesifundo, amandla ayachithwa, kwaye amaziko angena kwibhalansi. Oku kwenzeka kuba amasuntswana aphezulu abhidekile xa enxibelelana. Esi siphumo songaqhelekanga se-physics sibizwa ngokuba "yi-Queum Ukuxuba" okanye ukudidanisa. Okungakumbi malunga nokuba loluphi uhlobo lokudideka komlinganiso, ndathetha kweli nqaku.
Ukujonga ithiyori, abaphandi bathathe inyathelo elilula, ukuya ngqo kwi-nuclear ye-nuclear e-Lucas Height (iSydney, eOstreliya, i-Australia) ukuya kwi-neutrino. Inyani yile yokuba i-neutrino kunye nee-anderpart zabo ukusuka kwi-antimatter (antineutrino) zenziwa kwi-Nuleary Reactors. Ngovavanyo, i-fiysics yasekwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-reccictor iiyure ezininzi ezichanekileyo. Makhe ndinikhumbuze ukuba iwotshi yeathom sisixhobo sokulinganisa ixesha apho i-oscillations ehambelana nee-atoms okanye iimolekyuli ezenzekayo.
I-antinrino ngamasuntswana aphantsi abonisa "ukophula umthetho." Bahamba ngalo mbandela bengazinzanga, kuba basebenzisana nayo, kwaye abaphendule inyukliya bavelisa inyawo labo elikhulu.
Umbono wokufaka iiyure zeatomic kukuba ukuba iwotshi ayihambelani, i-physics iya kungqina isiphumo sexabiso lokunyangwa okanye ukwaphula umthetho "wengingqi". Ngokutsho kwababhali bomsebenzi wesayensi, icala elisebenzayo lethiyori yexesha elitsha lexesha lokuba unendawo enenani elininzi le-neutrinos, umzekelo, oveliswe ngumqeqeshi wenyukliya, ke ixesha linokuhamba ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Kucingelwa ukuba iiwotshi zewotshi zikufuphi nendawo esebenzayo yesango ayihambelani neewotshi ezikude ngakumbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iwotshi ecaleni kwesaphulelo iya kubonisa ixesha elihamba kancinci okanye umahluko kwixesha elidlulileyo xa kuthelekiswa neewotshi, ezifumaneka nakumgama omfutshane ukusuka kwi-reactor. Isizathu seli mpembelelo sisimo esisulungekile kwaye siphakama ngenxa ye "T-Ukophulwa" kwe-antilerino ekhutshwa yindawo esebenzayo yesango. Into ebangela umdla kukuba, ngaphandle kweziphumo ezisele zipakisiweyo, i-physics kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezizayo ziya kuqhubeka nokujonga.
Bona: Kutheni le nto i-progucs i-Akin kumlingo?
Ukushwankathela isifundo esingaqhelekanga kwaye sinzima, siphawula ukuba kukho umsebenzi omninzi ngaphambi kwezazinzulu. Unjingalwazi Vakkaro kwingxelo esemthethweni yaphawula ukuba "ukuba isiphumo sexesha lokuthoba ngokuthe ngcembe senzeka kwinqanaba le-reaclear, kwaye siyijongele imiphumo kwezinye iindawo, umzekelo, kwidatha kwiiplanethi zeplanethi. " Kodwa sele isetyenzisiwe umsebenzi opapashiweyo unokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sophando lwesayensi olunesayensi kule ndawo.