Rhoqo kwazo zonke iintlobo zabaphangi, abaphangi kunye nobuntu baKhethekileyo Solva, emva koko ababhali-mbali benza amagorha abantu, abaphikisi, abafuneli benkululeko yokuhleleleka. Ezi nkokeli ze-Folk zabelana ngentshukumo, ngaphandle koloyiko nokungcikiveka. Ukuba uyayibona, ngubani owayeyi-robir robin hood? Umphangi oqhelekileyo ofihliweyo kwihlathi leShervaurd kunye nabahambi abahamba ngeenyawo. Ngubani owayehamba nge-hasbulat obe ne-sakl ihlwempu? Yenza kwi-bandit kunye nomphangi, umvukeli ulwa nehlabathi elityebileyo loku, ukuze ulonwabo lwesizwe lungekho nzima. Uloliwe, wababulala, usisityebi, kunye namahlwempu, ukuba ungathabatha ntoni. Kwanele ukuzisa isiseko esifanelekileyo kule, kwaye iya kuphuma kwiqela lemigulukudu, i-folk avenger.
Owona mzekelo ubalulekileyo we-USMT KarMALK OBINIWEYO YENZE kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-Xix ePodolia. Kwimbali yeSoviet, wayeyidwetywe njengenkokeli yentshukumo yabavukeli e-Ukraine. I-maxim gorky ke ibimbile kuye - "I-Ukraine Rod". Kungathandeki, uKarmaluk ngokubanzi, iqhawe labantu, umkhuseli wabahlwempuzekileyo nabahlelelekileyo. Iimbongi kunye nababhali bafaka igalelo kwigalelo labo. Ukusuka kwimisebenzi yoncwadi lwaseUkraine, umfanekiso wenkalipho emangalisayo kunye nobungangamsha bavela. Igama lakhe yayibizwa ngegama leedolophana ezimbini nezitrato eziphantse zonke izixeko zaseUkraine. UKarmaluk Beka amatyeli, faka iBhodi yeSikhumbuzo, amaziko olondolozo lwembali avulekileyo.
Kodwa ngaba i-USAT yayingu-MALITKYUK INDLELA ENGANDAKANYE NGOKUGQIBELA UKUXELWA KAKHULU, Inkokeli yentshukumo yabantu, ukubeleka kwabantu abahlelelekileyo kwaye kukhubekile?
I-USMT YAKIMUKK (Carmmeluek okanye karmayuk), yazalwa nge-27 kaFebruwari (ngo-Matshi 10) ye-1787 kwilali yaseGolovniny, uAndrei-Josetho piglovsky ngumnini-mhlaba. Ke le ndawo yayiyiPoland, kodwa kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, emva kwecandelo lesibini le-Commonwealth, iPoodolie yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRussia. Kodwa abalingane balapha babetsha kwidrum - zombini zaziziisesfs ezivela kwizinto zePolish, zaza zahlala.
USusa wayengamakhwenkwe aqinileyo kwaye asempilweni. Akumangalisi ke ukuba wasiwa kwinkundla yomnini-mhlaba kwinkonzo. Kodwa impikiswano, lo mfo wayesibindi, engenanzuzo. Bakrokrela ukuba waye "nengahlambulukanga" - isilivere ye-carkaya yayihambile kwaye i-wax ezininzi. Ngokwesiqhelo ukusukela mahashe azama ukususa. Akunakwenzeka ukuba uwusebenzise ngokomthetho, kwaye kukho imbopheleleko - i-jeef yendoda enemigangatho yanamhlanje ene-jeep esithandekayo. Ke ngoko, ezi zazidla ngokuthunyelwa emkhosini. Kwaye inkonzo yasemkhosini yenziwa kwaye ididekile yahlukana. Kwaye nangona yayinomthetho otshatileyo kwaye ukuba abantwana bamadoda (uKalmaluk wayetshatile ngelo xesha kwaye babenabantwana ababini) abanakuthathwa emkhosini - xa besenza iimpembelelo ezenziwayo nezinefuthe. Ihlala ifumana i-loophole ukuba ibambelele. Khange ancede ekugxinisweni kwezi zinkunkqele ezibalaseleyo, eza kunkqonkqozwa iKarmaluk kwaye yazifumana. Ummiselo woMlawuli, okuthile ngokuqeshwa kwe-podilly, akazange athathwe - apho, ngo-1812, ubhubhane wezibetho yayinzima. I-PAN PIGLOVVSKY ikwazile ukugqitha lo myalelo, kwaye isuse umnqwazi wokuyeka.
Iminyaka engama-25 kumajoni. Iminyaka engama-25 yeMikhosi yoMkhosi. I-USMT ayinakuphela. Ngethamsanqa kwi-squadron, wadibana noTidetant, owayehlala kwilali ekufuphi, - UDaniyeli Khnin, owayengengomzekelo wokuthobeka kunye nokuthobeka. Izihlobo ngokukhawuleza zifumene ulwimi oluqhelekileyo ... Xa i-4th I-4th Lulansky yema eKapnetz-Podolsky, Karmaluk kunye ne-cron esuka emkhosini, emva koko bafihle ixesha elithile kumahlathi abo. Kude kube ngoku, iKarmalyukova Cave igcinwe kwitreyithi yentambo, ngelo xesha wasebenza ekhaya. Kungekudala, abantu ababini abahamba nabo - nikita udodov (i-UDDINK) naseIvan Tsachuk.
Kwakufuneka nditye amadoda amane asempilweni, kwaye batsala ngaphandle nge-paas barnas, ibhotolo, umgubo, amaqanda. Kwakuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuncinci kakhulu, bendifuna ukusela ewe ukuhamba-kwaye impahla encinci iguqukele kuhlaselo lomphangi kwaye ivule ukuphanga. Ekuqaleni, amaxhoba baba ngabadlali kunye nabaqeshi abancinci bamaYuda. Kodwa ekupheleni kuka-Matshi 1813, iVitaga, inyinyiswe yi-sazhi, yakhalaza kwifama ukuya kwi-Ivan Salo yobutyebi, yena, njengoko abafundileyo abaxeliweyo, kufanele ukuba babe yimali efanelekileyo. Abayifumananga mali, kodwa umniniyo watshutshiswa ukuze kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva wamnika uThixo uThixo.
Emva kokubulawa, kwiinyanga ezininzi bafihla, kodwa emva koko bahlasela indawo yepani yePigravsky - i-Distlerary Reales yangcwatywa, kwaye i-pan yakhe yakhutshwa. Ke iKarmaluk ityhile i-barna yakhe. Emqolombeni, bekukho abantu abahamba kakuhle, abahambahambayo kunye nabanye abantu abatshatileyo, kungekudala iVisa Kataluk inyuka amashumi abantu, kunye namakhulu amakhulu amakhulu kunye novelwano kubalingane bendawo. I-Hunt yokwenene yaqala kubaphangi - kwaye kungekudala babanjwa kwaye babona phambi kwenkundla yasemkhosini. I-USMM kunye DANLIL yayilinde isohlwayo esibi-500 imivimbo. Iphantsi ekwaziyo ukudlulisela ukubulawa kwabantu. Kodwa iKarmelyuk kunye ne-cron basinda. Emva koko abavukeli bagqiba kwelokuba bathumele kwi-Battalion yoSukullule.
Endleleni, bakwazi ukubaleka, babuyela kwiindawo zabo zomnye. Kwaye kwakhona yonke into indala: "Weba, wasela, entolongweni, weba usela ...". Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza yonke "inyama" yakhe kwinqaku elincinci. Izihlandlo ezisixhenxe (!!!) Karmaluk ubanjiwe. Bazibetha iimfazwe, batshisa ibala kumabunzi amathathu kathathu, bagwebela ukufa izihlandlo ezibini, izihlandlo ezininzi phantsi kweqela elivunyiweyo zaya e-Sibereta ukuya e-Cahearta ukuya eSiberia. I-Cheokethi ephumeleleyo kwi-OSTROV, nkqu nakwimizamo engaphumelelanga. Ndiza kunika intetho enye yokubaleka, eye yaba yintsomi: Ekungcoleni kwe-1825, ngexesha lesaqhwithi sasebusuku, iKarmaluk yaphula i-grille, iqokelele ihempe yawo yonke intambo. Ekupheleni kwentambo bebotshwe ilitye kwaye wayiphosa ngesiqhulongo. Ngoncedo lwale bhulodi yokumiswa, zonke iinkolelo zabalekela kwi-litlet enye kwenye, ikhamera yayingenanto kusasa.
Kwaye lonke ixesha i-karmaluk ibuyela kwiindawo zemvelo. Xa yayisabaleka kwi-toboli yase-tobolian Ingowango, iiVenkile ezili-15 zadlula kulo nyaka kwaye zabuyela ePodolia. Wayebandakanyeke kubusela kunye neenkomo, kunye nohlobo lwe-racket - wayehlawulwa ukungahlaseli. Ukutsho ukuba walwa kuphela ngemivalo Ewe, osisityeli nayo ayinakwenzeka. Ke ixesha le-1826-28, izenzo ezingama-74 zabhalwa kwiqela lemigulukudu yeKarmaluk. Ngomhla wama-31, babhekiswa kubathengisi (ukubulala, ukuhlasela okuphangaleleyo, abangama-24), nge-17-nxamnye ne-ofisi yabathengisi (ukubulala, ukubhuka oku-13), ukubulala, 5 Ukuhlaselwa okuphanga ukuphanga, ii-16 zokuhlasela), ngesine - ngokuchasene abefundisi beehlelo ezahlukeneyo (ubusela). Malunga nabantu abangamashumi amahlanu athathe inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo (kolunye uhlaselo kwabenga kubathathi-nxaxheba abalishumi kunye nemipu). Kwaye kwiminyaka nje engama-23, iKarmaluk yatyhilwa ngaphezulu kwewaka lokuhlaselwa. Ngapha koko, ukusuka kwimidlalo erekhodiweyo ngokuchasene nomyalelo okhoyo yayinye kuphela. NgoJuni 1827, ngenxa yokuvuthazelwa kwendoda ye-anthony olhevsky, karmaluk kunye ne-vasily dobrovolsky yafakwa kumhlaba we-felix yangchevsky kwilali yaseKalna-Darazhna. Abantu abahamba ngendawo abangena kwi-Karmaluk ekuphefumleni: "Kutheni le nto (yiyo, iPanov) Ngaba ayibalulekanga ukuba icinezelekile?" Le kuphela kwengxelo ebhaliweyo enokuthathwa njengomnxeba wokujongana nabanini bomhlaba.
Kodwa ubutyebi baseKarmaluk yayingenzi nzuzo - usapho lwalukhuni, yena wayehlala esebenza njengegcisa lesihlangu. Abanye ababhali-mbali kunye nababhali bakwisi sizathu baqutshelwa phantsi - bathi, yonke into enxibe isityebi, i-aki robin hood, ihanjiswa kumahlwempu. Kodwa enyanisweni, yonke into ilula kakhulu - abaphangi, i-pirates, abaphangi kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zobomi azifane zityebi. Uninzi lwezinto eziphangiweyo zaphangiswa, intlawulo yendawo yokuhlala, ulwazi, lokuthula, kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Ewe ukukhanya kwemali, ngokulula kwaye uhambe. Namhlanje kukho ifashoni-ityholo, ixhaphakile, imali yokuhamba, ngomso i-paw incipha. Ngakumbi itywina elinempumelelo lingenise umvuzo.
Akunzima ukubamba "- isifuba ngemali ephethwe ngokungacwangciswanga kwi-korchm ye-korchm yekoloni ye-lieutenant ekunikezelweni kwe-Debenten kwi-Darvitsky, apho babengama-400 abantu abangama-400, i-ruble ezingama-200 nge-rubles. Kwaye ke, oku kuya kuKush, umntu otsalelekileyo (isimilo "kwimvukelo yaseKarmaluk" yayingulwaphulo-mthetho) - kwanomngcipheko weglasi "yeglasi" engancedi ukufumana ilahleko.
Kwaye ngokusisiseko amahashe, iimpahla, umbhenge wasekhaya. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ze-1826, kufutshane nebar, apho iiasi iinkomo ezingama-2 000 kunye namahashe angama-400 abiwe, engabelanga ngamakhaya kunye neempahla. Konke oku kwenzeka ngexabiso eliphantsi kubathengisi beCorksCram, ngakumbi i-Dobrovolsky, inkosikazi yakhe yayiyinkosikazi yeKarmaluk. Iimpungutye zengubo yoboya kubaphangi ithathe i-4 zeTostys, ihashe - i-ruble e-2. Kwaye ioksijini inike i-10 zł.
Kwakukho iimeko apho umphangi ngesiKrimu wanika abantu abantu - ukuba akhangele inqaba ehlwempuzekileyo kwaye amfumana kuphela isiqingatha seKopeck, kodwa wayinika i-ruble i-ruble; Oko, ukubanjwa kwaye kuwubona umkhuhlane ngombulelo, washiya yonke into ekhathazekileyo, wabeka iimpethu zegolide, umntwana angaphezulu kwe-gangs, iNarodnaya ye-Tova egqithisileyo kwishumi , kwaye ikhulu kalikhulu.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930 ye-Xix inkulungwane, imbuyekezo ye-Susay Ussemm Karmaluk yayiyeyona nto igunyazisiweyo kwiLizwe loLwaphulo-mthetho iPodiyalia, kwaye mhlawumbi wonke uBukumkani baseRussia. Uhlobo lwe "pucha", "isela lomthetho". Ukuqukumbela nakwi-KARMGA, wayenandipha igunya elingenakufaniswa kwi-Zekov. Kwaneejele zaleaselayo zoyika kwaye zanikela inkululeko kunye nokuchitha. Ke kaloku kwabakho intolongo yaseLinskaya ngoDisemba 1827, ababhali bachazwa njengentsebenzo yesiphelo, bebengelwe kukuba abaphathi besentendeni basongezela i-Karmaluk ngomhla enye ye-maria (okanye i-magdalena) dobrovolkaya. Emva koko wasaphula nje umnyango wesiya kwinkosikazi yakhe. Kwaye xa watshintshelwa eGaupvitaht, wazala amabanjwa kwimvukelo. Ngaphandle kokufumana inkxaso, bathabatha umthengi wazo bemihla ngemihla kwaye bathengiswa ngeenyawo zabo bobabini, belwela abalindi ngezitena. Kuphela kusuku lwesine, kwagqitywa abavukeli, umyeni ka-vasily dobrovolsky (umyeni kaMariya) kwaye uSotnikuk wayetshatile, kwaye ngokuchasene nokuvalwa ngokusesikweni, kuchasene nomxokelelwane wegumbi. "
Wayethiyiwe, esoyika kwaye kwangaxeshanye athandwa kwaye anomona. Bonke abantu abathengileyo basombulula "Ukuxhaphaza" komphangi. Ngeminyaka yee-1920, umbhali-mbali waseSergey Yakimovich, ehlola ubuntu bakhe, waxazulula intiyo yale dolophana "apho wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela ebomini kwaye wasweleka. Kwimemori yalowo uKorychi Peasics, uloyiko loomama babo ababesoyika ukuqokelela ama-mushroom ehlathini basekhohlo, - ngokokunyanzelwa abafazi.
Wayenenkohliso kwaye womelele kakhulu. Ukukhula okuphantsi "2 Arshina kunye ne-6 Vesthkov", oko kukuthi, iisentimitha ezili-171), zibanzi kakhulu kwaye zibanzi. Ibonakaliswa ngumlandeli onzulu kwi-AX, awayeqhuba eludongeni xa wayesuka kwintolongo yeLitins. Kudlula iminyaka emakhulu amabini, kwaye i-track ishiye! Ndaphawulwa yingqondo ebalaseleyo, ubuqili nonyamezelo. Ukongeza kwi-Insiver Mow, i-Wiked ngokukhululekileyo yi-Polish kunye "neelwimi ze-MOSCOW Abantu bexesha lokujonga i-karmaluk, umkhwa wokucheba kwaye unxibe njengezihlobo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ubuchule obunezakhono-uninzi lwaluqinisekile ukuba wayengumthakathi kunye nomlingo.
Iminyaka engama-23 ithamsanqa ayishiyanga iKarmaluk. Iminyaka engama-23 wafaka ukugculela uloyiko lweUkraine. Nango-Oktobha 10, 1835, iForti yajika kuye. I-shutchiki ibambe ubhedu. Le "idlule" i-corkp yakhe pupop pratskova nenkosikazi yakhe kunye ne-fil-filimu yethutyana karmaluk. Ubungqina ekwenzeni incinibalwa, kodwa i-Elenable Elena ixelele abasemagunyeni malunga nokufika okulindelekileyo. Kwaye yena, nangona wayelumkisiwe malunga nokujonga, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, weza kwintlanganiso kunye ne-heater yendawo yokucacisa isicwangciso sokuhlaselwa kumnini-ndawo we-vylonsky. Ukufundisisa ngale nto, uVyransky wakhawuleza wacela uncedo kummelwane wakhe, uPana Hlopitsky. Le ndlu yayingenguye, kodwa intombi yakhe yayinomyeni, oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Ukubona ukuphelelwa lithemba likaVyransky, ixhego le layina yenye inenekazi laqala ukukhalaza: bathi, hayi abasezisikweni, njengangaphambili, kwaye isimangalo sagqiba kwelokuba sizenze "i-chlop nesela". Nje ukuba iKarmaluk ingene kwindlu yendlu, iRutkovsky yambetha kwimpu. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho kwentsomi, umpu wayengabekwanga yibhulethini, kodwa i-isilivere yeqhosha - kuphela ukuze ibulale igqwirha. I-Prokop Pratskov yathunyelwa eSiberia, umfazi wakhe waxolelwa, kwaye iKarvena Rutovsky yanikwa intlanganiso yobuqu kunye ne-wikolai i. Wamkelwa kwirhafu.
Umzimba waseKarmaluk wathatyathwa iilali ezininzi iintsuku ezininzi, emva koko wabaleka waya eLefikethe, emnqamlezweni, njengoko bonke bangcwatywa. Kwaye, njengoko kusenzeka rhoqo, uzuko lwangempela lweza kwi-carmaluk emva kokufa. Okokuqala - kwiintsomi ze-rolk, i-bass, iingoma kunye nehlaya. Ikamva leKarmaluk ayikwazanga kodwa ukukhuthaza ababhali kunye neembongi. Kumasebenzi okuqala koncwadi lwe-iUkraine othandekayo ophakathi kwenkulungwane, kwavela umfanekiso wenkalipho kunye nobungangamsha. Yaba sisigaba, nomphangi, i-knight ingoyiki, ingcikivo, ingcikivo, negorha. Kwaye iqela lakhe - umkhosi ovukelayo ulwa nenkululeko nakwezobulungisa.