Ukuretya kwezixeko ziququzelele umsebenzi wabafazi bezindlu, kuba ukupheka kwisitovu segesi kulula kakhulu kunokupheka kwi-preims okanye i-kerogaz. Ukudluliselwa kwamagumbi e-boiler kunye ne-tpps ukusuka kwi-Coal okanye ioyile ye-piel kwigesi iphucule kabukhali imeko yendalo yommandla.
Ukungabikho eGaza ngo imibhobho igesi ezidolophini uya nangoko ukuba ngesihelegu siphela - i TPP uya kuyeka ukusebenza, leyo kuthetha ukuba ubushushu nombane liya kuyeka, baya kuwa yonke iigridi amandla, ubushushu izakhiwo ziya ukucima, ubomi Isixeko siya kuyeka.
Iyintoni imbali yepetroli kwaye injani izakhiwo zerhasi yezixeko ezikhulu kweli xesha lethu?
E-USSR, i-igazi yaqala nge-1940s.
Ngo-1942, ukwakhiwa kwepayipi yegesi yaseSaratov yaqala. Le piholi yegesi, i-840 km ubude, yagqitywa ngoJulayi ngo-1946. Ukwakhiwa kwe-L. P. GARODISTIVE nto, kwaye kukutsho ukuba ishedyuli yokwakha yaqwalaselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye inomgangatho ophezulu kakhulu. Le pipiline yegesi ibonelele ngeemitha ezili-1 zerhasi yerhasi ngonyaka, ithathe indawo yeendleko zokufudumeza iitoni ze-kerosene, i-100000 yamawaka eetoni ze-culls, ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambili zii-Muscovtes .
Ngo-1944 waqala ukwakhiwa, kwaye ngo-1946 i-DASHAVA-KIeV igqityiwe, eyathi ihambisa irhasi yendalo evela kwi-In Ukraine kwidolophu enkulu yeRiphabhlikhi. Ke ngo-1950 ukuqhubeka kwale piholi yegesi kwakhiwe eMoscow. Umbhobho wegesi wanika malunga nezigidi ezi-2 ze-cuib zerhasi yendalo ngonyaka.
Ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1950, ukuqalisa imbambano kuyaqhubeka ngesantya esikhawulezileyo. Ngeminyaka yee-1960s, izixeko ezikhulu ze-USSR zaye zahluthwa. Indawo ye-kerogaz kunye nepripu ekhitshini zathatha izitovu zegesi. I-Kerosene ye-rocch enekhitshi ihambile, izitovu zegesi zisebenza kancinci kwaye zizinzile kakhulu, kwaye ii-oveni zivumelekile ukwenza izitya ezitsha, inkukhu ebhakiweyo okanye i-dable iyonke.
Leliphi inqanaba lokwaziswa kwegazi kwizixeko zaseRussia okwangoku?
Kule minyaka ili-14 idlulileyo, inqanaba lokukhuseleka linyuke nge-14% kwaye lafika kwi-70.1%, ukusukela ngo-2005 ukuya kuma-2019 ama-2000 km. Izicwangciso zikarhulumente zide zibe ngama-2025, i-95% yazo zonke iindawo zokuhlala, ezinobuchule bokunxibelelana.
Imeko yanamhlanje yenziwayo-igesi yandisa kwaye yakhiwe apho, apho yayingeyiyo ngaphambili, ukondla igesi kwiilali nakumaziko esithili. Kodwa kwiMegalopolis kwizindlu ezitsha akukho rhasi, njengoko izitovu zombane ekhitshini zekhitshi.
Ukuguqula inethiwekhi kudweliswa luxinzelelo, indawo, ubunzulu obusezantsi.
Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo:
- I-piedines yegesi ephezulu (0.3 ukuya kwi-1.2 MPA) zinikezelwa ngamanqaku erhasi elawula uxinzelelo lwe-wid eliphakathi kunye namashishini omzi-mveliso.
- Iipayipi zegesi eziphakathi (ngaphezulu kwe-0.005 ukuya kwi-0.3 MPA) Gcina iinkqubo zoxinzelelo olusezantsi, iindibano zocweyo ezincinci kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.
- I-pielines yegesi ephantsi (ukuya kwi-5000 PA) ibonelela ngerhasi kubathengi abathile kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo.
Isalathiso. I-5000 pa = i-0.05 kgf / sq. Cm.
Indawo yokuhlala:
- Ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi;
- umhlaba okanye ongaphantsi komhlaba.
Ukwahlulahlulwa kubunzulu bemibhobho yegesi yegesi, ngokwemigaqo:
- Phantsi kweMeko yekhonkrithi eqinileyo okanye i-asphalt yokudlala-ubuncinci i-0.8 m;
- Kwimimandla enomhlaba "ongcolileyo" - ubuncinci yi-099 m;
- ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5 yeemitha-i-pipelit yegesi yegesi yegesi eyomileyo (kuxhomekeke kumhlaba ovuthuzayo ebusika- kwaye nzulu);
- Ukusuka kwiimitha eziyi-0,6-kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ukungabikho kwezithuthi kuqinisekisiwe.
Zithini izitokhwe zerhasi yendalo?
Iigesi ngokubanzi ziphononongwe namhlanje, iindawo zokugcina igesi zemveli ziqikelelwa nge-187.3 trillion. Iitayile zeikuikubhite.
Malunga ne-25% yazo zonke iindawo zokugcina igesi zehlabathi zisiRashiya. I-Iran inika i-17,09% yoovimba, kunye ne-qatar - 12.20%. Ngapha koko yi-USA, i-Saudi Arabia, iTurkmenistan kunye ne-UAE.
Ngokuka-OGCEC, 3946.1 I-BITS YILDE I-CUBI YEMIGLI YABASEBENZISELWE NGONYAKA YAMNQOPHISWANO-Sisesitokhwe esihle. Kodwa cinga ngayo yonke le nto inokutshintshwa-ngokuqinisekileyo iyimfuneko.
Ndingayibuyisela njani igesi yamandla? Atomic Deactors kwi-neutrons ekhawulezayo? Izikhululo ze-therntonis?
Ikamva liya kubonisa, nangona kungekho ndlu ye-thermal kwaye ayaziwa ukuba injalo, kodwa i-goactors kumazwe akhawulezayo, elona xesha lingakhange lityeshele i-UN-238, nto leyo ngexesha lethu lisaqwalaselwa yinkunkuma yenkqubo yokulungisa - sele zakhiwe. Ke, i-iradium yesandla, ngesiquphe siba ngamakhulu amaxesha ngaphezulu, esiya kwenza ukuba ibe nzima ukwandisa isizukulwana sombane.
Okwangoku, ukuza ekhitshini, uninzi lwethu lusiya kwisitovu segesi kwaye sijike kwi-burner ukuze bapheke isidlo sasemini. Eyona nto iphambili yile gesi kwimibhobho.
Umbane usenokungabikho. Kodwa ukuze kungabikho gesi - inene ayikho into enjalo!
Umbhali-Igor Vadimov
Umthombo - Springzhizni.ru.